جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « 2 » در نشریات گروه « پدافند غیرعامل »

Using nuclear energy for peaceful purposes has many benefits. But, if it is not controlled, it can pose risks. It may cause health and environmental problems. A nuclear accident may follow an accidental nuclear   explosion (Chernobyl, Ukraine, 1986), intentional (atomic bomb explosions in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, 1945), or leakage of radioactive material from damaged or worn-out reactors at power plants or facilities. Nuclear technology is the radioactive pollution from transporting, handling, and storing nuclear fuel and waste. After any nuclear accident, radioactive materials spread into the environment. They cause pollution, including in agricultural areas; the soil, plants, and crops. In this situation, it is necessary to take effective measures in the shortest possible time to reduce the transfer of radioactive contamination to the food chain. Among the effective tools in nuclear defense is non-nuclear defense, which does not need the use of weapons, and its implementation can prevent or reduce damage to the environment and human casualties. There are several defense methods to avoid or decontaminate the agricultural environment in the period before and during the fall of radioactive substances. By examining these methods, we can design countermeasures that will work in the short, medium, and long term after the accident. Also, they will have the highest degree of implementation capability and efficiency, and can prevent the largest amount of  pollution in the shortest time.

In recent years, the rapid development of knowledge-based organizations and companies and the need to pay attention to all kinds of threats, attacks are considered as the most important factor in their development. Therefore, the survival of these organizations depends on the principle of leveling all types of threats and presenting a comprehensive conceptual model in these organizations. The main purpose of the research is to present a conceptual model of the leveling of various threats in the security and cyber defense of knowledge-based organizations in the country. The methodology of the above research is based on the type of research to provide a conceptual model, it has a practical aspect, according to the purpose, it is of a developmental-applicative type, considering the dimensions of the research that It deals with theoretical, functional and operational areas. This research is divided in terms of purpose (type of research in the    category of applied-developmental research and in terms of research approach in the category of mixed quantitative and qualitative research). In the qualitative section, by referring to articles, books and  research reports, upstream documents using the metacomposition method, dimensions, components and indicators of the conceptual model of leveling various types of cyber threats in cyber security and defense in knowledge-based organizations, the extraction and qualitative control of findings was carried out, based on the findings of the model An initial concept was formed and after evaluation with scientific methods and based on structural equation modeling, the proposed validation framework and the final conceptual model were presented. To identify the dimensions and components of the model by studying previous researches, theoretical literature as well as interviews with specialists and experts in this field, the dimensions and  components were extracted, then to validate the dimensions and components from the survey method (a field from the statistical population of experts, experts) with tools The questionnaire was asked. After      performing valid tests (factor analysis test), the dimensions and components of the model were confirmed. The results of the research findings showed that all the considered factors for each of the components have a factor load greater than 0.4; Therefore, they load well on the relevant dimensions, or in other words, the components of the subset of dimensions are related and form part of the model structures; Therefore, the components are interdependent with the dimensions and have a meaningful relationship. The presented conceptual model explained well the relationship between dimensions, components, and variables in order to stratify the types of threats in security and cyber defense of knowledge-based organizations. The  calculation and analysis of the fit indices with the software Smart-PLS(4) also confirmed the conformity of the conceptual framework and the experimental background with the reality.

The increasing threats and dangers demand more and more the necessity of accurate and appropriate    direction of governance through the formulation of a strategic document in the field of resilience of the country's water industry. Among the primary steps in compiling the desired document is to identify and measure the impact of directional elements, internal (strengths and weaknesses) and external (threats and opportunities) factors affecting the resilience of the water industry. The goal of the researcher is to identify the external factors (threats and opportunities) affecting the resilience of the country's water industry, then to present a comprehensive model of the resilience of the country's water industry, and finally, path analysis models based on the most effective factors. Therefore, in the first step, based on the methodology (PESTEL), an effort was made to identify and measure the intensity and direction of the effects of external factors affecting the resilience of the water industry. Then, due to the high factor loading of the  environmental variable, it was considered to investigate the effects of the mentioned variable on the resilience factor after drawing and presenting three separate path analysis models. The population of the respondents was 460 people from among managers and experts in the field of crisis management and passive defense in the country's water industry, which according to Morgan's table, the sample number is 210 people. But due to the large number of factors (7 factors), the possibility of not providing the sample adequacy index (KMO) with 210 observations and the possibility of the researcher accessing more samples, the number of observations increased to 285 people. In this research, the 7-factor, 37-item questionnaire, with a 5-point Likert scale, has a validity (by fuzzy screening method) of (0.84) and reliability with Cronbach's alpha (0.81). The results of path analysis models in this research show the considerable and significant impact (direct, indirect and total) of environmental factors through legal, economic and  technological factors on the resilience of the country's water industry.

In recent years, we are constantly facing the increase of Internet of Things devices in the fields of health, agriculture, industry and other applications. The using of these networks will increase by improving the quality of service. Usually, data are generated heterogeneously by IoT’s sensors at different times with   different sizes and priorities, and none of previous works in this field do not consider all these modes together; on the other hand, these studies either have worked on the queue model and priority package selection, or on the channel access methods and its prioritization. Therefore, in our proposed model in this paper, with the aim of improving quality of service, thight scheduling of delay-sensitive packets, and also avoiding starvation for lower priority packets, we consider an architecture including two levels of prioritization. In the first level, the packet is selected for sending based on a type of dynamic prioritization and relative to its delay deadline field. Since in this paper the application of Internet of Things in health care is considered, the sensors generate data both of modes, periodically (fixed) and on demand (critical), and therefore, two queue models D /G/1 and M/G/1 are used. In addition, the second level includes channel prioritization. At this level, by using a control channel and setting the waiting time of the sending node for listening to the channel, we have sending the packet through the control channel. Furthermore, a consolidated channel hopping model has been used for nodes to use the available bandwidth. Also, a buffer to keep the information of the last connection of the node helps to send and receive faster with less number of switching. After simulating and comparing this model with the 802.11 standard and similar media access protocols, significant improvements in increasing the packet delivery rate, operational throughput, and also reducing the end-to-end delay are showed.

One of the natural attractions that people especially in big cities use as a resort are dams and lakes behind artificial dams and around them. Locating and organizing around Sedha Lake is one of the most important steps for planning towards sustainable tourism development. In this regard, Letian Dam Lake in the northeast of Tehran, as one of the beautiful tourist attractions, is for spending leisure time and provides a unique opportunity to attract tourists. At the same time, this complex lacks the facilities and facilities necessary for the presence of tourists and the development of sustainable tourism. In the current research, it has been tried to select and suggest the most suitable place for organizing and creating a recreational complex with a sustainable tourism approach by choosing the criteria and sub-criteria that are effective in locating. In this study, using the available resources and a survey of 16 experts in the field of water  resources, environmental design and tourism planning, 11 criteria were determined and due to the  difference in the influence of the indicators, using the hierarchical method (AHP) Pairwise comparison of the components was done and the final weight of each of them was calculated. Then, according to the   number of criteria and the weight of sub-criteria, the required layers were prepared in the geographic  information system (GIS) environment and analyzed and evaluated by overlaying the layers. The results of the integration of information layers, based on the degree of desirability, prioritized four areas as potential options for creating a tourism complex, and SWOT method was used to determine the best place among the four main areas. The score of each zone was determined based on the field visit and matching the maps obtained from the previous stage with the current situation of the studied area, as well as by considering the desired criteria and finally according to the opinion of the relevant experts, and by summarizing the results, a range was determined. In the southeast, the Sedeltian site was identified and suggested with 24 points as a suitable option for creating a sustainable tourism site.

Earthquakes in many parts of the world cause the collapse of buildings and the occurrence of damages and the resulting dangers; Therefore, it is necessary to assess the risk of the buildings and, if necessary, improve or retrofit them. In addition to earthquakes, other natural hazards such as floods and storms, as well as unnatural hazards such as explosions, chemical attacks, and fires may also threaten a building; Therefore, it is necessary to consider all the different aspects of the building's vulnerability in its risk assessment. Evaluation of structures is done in two fast (qualitative) and quantitative (analytical) methods. In qualitative evaluation methods, in a short period of time, buildings are quickly evaluated and classified in terms of vulnerability. In this research, a variety of quick risk calculation methods have been  investigated. The integrated rapid visual survey IRVS method, which has the ability to calculate risk and resilience for all types of man-made threats and natural hazards, has been developed for the domestic conditions of the country, and its Persian software is written using the Python programming language. Read Excel. It also has the ability to offer options to reduce risk according to the user's desired risk.

Today, one of the paradigms of the field of technology is quantum. A lot of research activities and international patents registration indicate that researchers are achieving quantum technologies at high speed. Expert surveys show that countries are trying to achieve quantum technologies with careful planning and focusing on creating scientific alliances. Certainly, the use of these technologies in the defense and non-defense sectors has opportunities and threats. Organizations are confused in the use of quantum technologies due to the complexity of knowledge and lack of knowledge of functional characteristics. In this paper, according to the functional characteristics and mission geography of the target organization, the quantum technologies that can be used in ICT and basic electronic missions were extracted with expert opinion. Then, a questionnaire of 76 questions (validity 0.638 and reliability 0.86) was prepared and sent to 27 people of the target community and questionnaire description sessions were held for the target community. At the end, completed questionnaires were collected and analyzed. From their analysis, “The mapping pattern of quantum technologies in ICT and basic- electronic missions of the target organization” was obtained. Results of questionnaire analysis and expert meetings with research and operational experts at the level of the target organization, the five priorities, (1. Quantum key generator, quantum key distribution and quantum DAS system, 2. Quantum communication based on sending and receiving a single photon on optical fiber and FSO, 3. Quantum gyroscope and accelerometer, quantum sensor and quantum clock, 4. Quantum processor, 5. Communications based on entangled pair properties by optical fiber and FSO, quantum radar) were determined for the target organization.

It is very important to use smart textiles in military industries to protect personnel and analyze their situation. Smart textiles with high design capability, ease of production and diverse applications play a  significant role in civilian defense against military attacks and natural disasters. In this article, the  identification, introduction and prioritization of a set of strategies, capabilities and unarmed measures in the design and production of smart textiles with a passive defense approach have been discussed and investigated in order to increase Deterrence, reducing vulnerability, continuing essential activities, promoting national stability and facilitating crisis management in the face of enemy threats and military actions. For this purpose, at first, field research and distribution of SWOT questionnaire among 40 experts of the country in managerial, scientific, industrial and operational fields were used and DS+PESTEL model was used to include defense and security aspects. The reliability of the questionnaires was confirmed in SPSS software with Cronbach's alpha of 0.82. After analyzing the environmental factors, strategies have been extracted so that they can fulfill the five objectives of passive defense. The strategies were distributed based on a questionnaire based on the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) method to evaluate the importance among the same sample as before, and finally, the prioritized strategies were extracted and explained according to the supply and localization of smart textiles. The obtained results show that the   current situation was defensive. Among the prioritized strategies according to experts' opinions, 11 strong strategies were identified. According to the results, identifying and prioritizing the country's climatic strengths and weaknesses with the aim of using them in the design and production of smart textiles, optimizing and updating equipment related to the localization of smart textiles using emerging technologies and government investment for the localization of smart textiles The most important strategies are to achieve the goal.

In general, the impact of sanctions on economic sectors is undeniably crucial in increasing deterrence and reducing negative effects on the country's economy. In addition, economic sanctions have negative effects by creating chaotic conditions and chaos in the economy, and then they increase public dissatisfaction. The effectiveness of sanctions is also dependent on the economic structure of the target country, so that no   matter how unfavorable the economic conditions of the target country are, the effectiveness of sanctions increases. Given this importance, this study focuses on strategies to enhance resilience against economic sanctions against Iran as a tool of foreign policy. It delves into the impact of economic sanctions on Iran's economy, society, and regional influence, providing insights into their effectiveness and long-term    consequences.Also, so far in the policy environment of the country, several interpretations of resilience and neutralization of sanctions have been presented. It also describes Iran's economic diplomacy against economic sanctions.The results of this study show that economic sanctions have had a significant impact on Iran's economy. The evidence shows a clear picture of the impact of sanctions on Iran's economic performance.Therefore, as a suitable solution, the role of Iran's economy in the world economy is redefined.

A code smell is a superficial symptom that may indicate a deeper problem in the application. Code smell makes it difficult to maintain, develop and evolve the program. The presence of code smell definitely does not mean that the software is not working properly, but this issue may cause slow processing, increase the risk of failure and software errors. It is obvious that one of the effective ways to increase the quality of the software is to rebuild and rearrange the code, which has a direct relationship with the smell of the code. So far, a lot of research has been done in the field of identifying and removing code smells of software systems. However, among them, four types of code smell include; Long method, feature envy, god class and data class have attracted the most attention of researchers. Researchers use feature selection algorithms to increase the prediction accuracy of code smells and reduce data dimensions. In this article, the gray wolf algorithm has been used to determine the selected subset of optimal features. Selecting the feature makes the model simpler, improves the accuracy and also reduces the training time. Also, in order to identify and classify code smells, the recognition model based on three machine learning algorithms under the title; Nearest neighbor, decision tree and support vector machine are built. Finally, the final result of the model output is determined based on the majority voting mechanism. In this article, the improved version of the Fontana dataset has been used to evaluate the proposed method. Also, to evaluate the results of the proposed method, statistical criteria including precision, accuracy, recall and F criterion have been used. Finally, the results of the proposed method have been compared with the results of other related methods. The results obtained from the tests show that the proposed method has provided an acceptable performance compared to other methods.

Improving TCP performance is a significant issue in the transport layer of the 802.11 base wlan. The throughput rate is investigated as the most important parameters of QoS. In this paper, a new method is investigated for decreasing throughput unfairness between TCP flows in the wlans. The buffer size of basestation and DCF mechanism in the MAC sublayer which are introduced as the reasons of the TCP downstream flow throughput degradation in wlan. Meanwhile, an analytical model will be developed for analyzing TCP flows behaviors. Finally, a new method is proposed based on changing the receive window of ACK packet that enhances TCP flows throughput. The numerical results, which is verified by NS.2 simulator, precisely demonstrates enhancement the throughput rate of TCP flows.

The Secret sharing is one of the fascinating topics of cryptography, which is widely used in information security. The aim of secret sharing is a process in which one or more secrets are shared between a number of qualified participants or with different credentials. In times when there is a need to recover a secret, a number of people, whom we call authorized people, collect their shares to recover the desired secret. So far, various types of secret sharing schemes based on interpolation have been proposed. In these secret sharing plans, different interpolations have been used, depending on the structural needs of the plan. In this article, some secret sharing schemes based on interpolation are introduced and reviewed. Then by analyzing and comparing the characteristics of these schemes, we conclude that the two secret sharing schemes based on Berkhoff interpolation have better efficiency than the other reviewed schemes.

The current world is the era of the network and the Internet, an era in which, with the formation of various social networks, new methods of communication and information have been introduced to the wide field of social communication. Social networks have become one of the most popular destinations of Internet users in recent years [1]. A social network is a group of people or organizations with common interests and tastes that come together to achieve specific goals. The main reasons for creating social networks include personal relationships, work relationships, scientific relationships, shared tastes and interests, and social and political motivations. Analysis of social networks means the study of social network characteristics and relationships between people and parts of a network with a network or graph theory approach. Social network analysis is a kind of interdisciplinary study in different fields such as sociology, mathematics, computer and cyber science. One of the basic challenges in analyzing social networks is the instability of these networks because every second people or organizations may join or leave these networks or new relationships may be formed.In this paper, we present an innovative method for discovering complex communities in social networks with a dynamic layer and focusing on the maximization of the importance criterion. Then, using the data set produced by LFR Benchmark, he checked the results of his proposed plan with other plans, and the results obtained indicate the improvement of the performance of our proposed scheme in the accuracy of identifying complex relationships in social networks and its less time compared to other scheme.

Today, the use of tunnels is one of the favorite strategies of armies as well as guerilla forces, and in many cases it is considered one of the important factors of victory. Due to the high contrast of the specific electrical resistance of tunnels with the host environment, the specific electrical resistance method can be called as the most powerful near-surface method for detecting such structures. In this study, conventional electrical tomography arrays have been simulated in order to detect tunnels using the forward modeling method. Based on the obtained results, the dipole-dipole, polar-dipole and Wenner-Schlumberger arrays have the best response in their sections to the presence of the tunnel, and the Wenner array has a weaker sensitivity than all of them. Also, in this study, based on the principle of changing the geometrical  parameters (depth and size) of the tunnel as well as the conductive overburden, solutions have been proposed to hide the tunnels from the field of view of the arrays.

Facilitating crisis management is one of the five functions and one of the main goals of passive defense, in this regard, observing and monitoring threats and creating and maintaining readiness to face the crisis and its management by using the intelligent command and control system are considered essential to accomplish this. In order to have the information of the operation scene (situational awareness) which use the command and control system for its management, the information of the operational environment of that situation is necessary. The most important    expectation from the command and control system is timely response to crises, minimizing mistakes and obtaining necessary information in order to prevent financial losses and human casualties. Considering the variety of threat areas and the measures corresponding to them in  passive defense, the threats that actually lead to the occurrence of incidents and accidents will  result in crises at different levels, which the management of these crises in order to reduce the   vulnerability and loss of assets and the continuity of activities and Improving resilience is of particular importance.The current research is of an applied type, descriptive method, with a mixed approach and the use of the library method (with a survey tool) and field method (with an  interview tool and questionnaire), with the aim; The investigation of the performance of the passive defense command and control system in the management of the crisis caused by the enemy's threats has been done, seeking to answer the (main) question of the research that; What will be the role of this system in crisis management? The statistical population of experts was  determined to be 80 people and the sample size was 65 people to distribute the questionnaire.  During the research process, the role and performance of the system was discussed using the    hypothetical model, and finally, suggestions were made regarding the use of the research model in crisis management.

Energy transmission lines are among the basic infrastructures of the country, and any accident or possible threats can impose huge costs and irreparable losses on the country's economy, and many vital activities of the country face serious problems and the national security of the country. challenged The purpose of this research is to explain the index of resilience indicators and to introduce strategies to increase resilience in the projects of oil product transmission lines. In this research, firstly, based on the studies conducted, the index of the effective indicators in increasing the resilience of oil product transmission line projects was extracted against possible threats. Considering the factor score in the perspective of the related views were categorized. This important reason led to ordering and reducing the number of statements in order to    facilitate the review. Since the factor of forecasting, procurement and cyber protection and as a result the index of the indicators related to this factor has received more points, in conclusion and based on the    findings of the research, the solutions to increase the resilience in the projects of Petroleum product   transmission lines are provided.

Social engineering, which is referred to as the psychological manipulation of people in the field of information and cyber security, is a concept formed based on the exploitation of human  vulnerabilities and thus creates a special type of attack which is formed on the basis of human characteristics and existing damages. The concept has become more useful and important due to the development of information and communications technology. Moreover, social engineering attacks are low-cost, highly effective, and, in their simplicity, they have certain elegance and   complexities due to their human-centered nature. All these facts have caused security and military to have the same characteristics against these attacks and become more important. Hence, this paper addresses the concept and its different aspects and then, recommends military solutions for it intending to find proper tactics to provide a defense against social engineering attacks.

Considering the increasing population growth in cities and the emergence of urban issues and problems, the necessity of attention to the sustainability of cities as well as focusing on passive  defense for reducing damages caused by accidents and disasters is growing. This research aimed to assess the sustainability of neighborhoods in Region 4 of Urmia city based on the principles of  passive defense, and the research objective is applied and in terms of methodology,  descriptive-analytical. In this research, 18 indicators were selected, and the data collection method used library studies, field (observation), existing articles, questionnaire tool (questioning residents of Region 4), and Delphi method (experts). For qualitative data analysis, the CoCoSo method, one of the most recent multi-criteria decision-making approaches, is used. To obtain maps and pinpoint sustainable points in region 4 emphasizing passive defence principles and also for analyze and evaluate locations in terms of quantitative research indicators, GIS software is utilized. Shannon's entropy method is employed for weighting the criteria. The results indicate that neighborhood (4-1-3) (located between Dastgheib and Morovat streets) with the highest score and neighborhood (1-3-4) (located between Sheikh Shaltoot, Khatam-al-Anbiya, and Golestan streets) with the lowest score have the highest and lowest level of sustainability, respectively, emphasizing the principles of passive defense. So that 33.33% of the study points in this research have a  favorable condition, 41.67% have a semi-favorable condition, and 25% also have an unfavorable condition. Recommendations for improving the sustainability of neighborhoods in district 4 of   Urmia city have also been proposed.

This research has been done with the aim of providing a routing method in Internet of Things networks based on fuzzy logic and clustering for the use of smart transportation. Today, transportation is one of the basic issues and major problems in cities and this issue bigger cities such as Tehran have become an important concern, hence transportation systems have been created and expanded. But rapid population growth, migration to cities, increasing car ownership and the use of personal vehicles are the challenges that urban transportation systems are facing. Meanwhile, passenger transportation systems can play a significant role in improving the city's traffic situation. Cluster-based routing protocols are one of the most important ways to reduce energy consumption in wireless sensor networks. In this thesis, a new clustering protocol using bee colony optimization algorithm is presented and a new method to reduce energy consumption and. Lifetime improvement in wireless sensor network routing includes three stages of clustering sensor nodes into a number of clusters using fuzzy clustering algorithm, selecting optimal cluster heads and data transmission. The results of implementing the proposed method and comparing its performance with other methods the former showed the proper performance of this method in this field

To evaluate the software quality it is required to measure factors affecting the qualityof the software . Reliability and number of faults are examples of quality factors. If these factors are measured during the software development life cycle, more efficient and optimal activities can be performed to improve the software quality. The difficulty is that these factors could be measured only at the ending steps of the life cycle. To resolve the difficulty, these factors are indirectly measured through some software metrics which are available at the early stages of life cycle. These metrics are used as the input to fault prediction models and software components which may be faulty are the output of these models. Prediction of fault prone modules is a well known approach in software testing phase. When a module is predicted to be faulty, apparently more efforts have to be paid for correcting it. In addition to the module, all its dependent modules require specific consideration. When modifying a module all its dependent modules may be affected. The difficulty is that current known metrics for fault prediction do not reflect this situation. To resolve the difficulty, in this thesis, new metrics are introduced. Our experimental results show that the more the dependees of a module are changed, the more fault prone the module will be