جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « تاب آوری » در نشریات گروه « فنی و مهندسی »

The increasing threats and dangers demand more and more the necessity of accurate and appropriate    direction of governance through the formulation of a strategic document in the field of resilience of the country's water industry. Among the primary steps in compiling the desired document is to identify and measure the impact of directional elements, internal (strengths and weaknesses) and external (threats and opportunities) factors affecting the resilience of the water industry. The goal of the researcher is to identify the external factors (threats and opportunities) affecting the resilience of the country's water industry, then to present a comprehensive model of the resilience of the country's water industry, and finally, path analysis models based on the most effective factors. Therefore, in the first step, based on the methodology (PESTEL), an effort was made to identify and measure the intensity and direction of the effects of external factors affecting the resilience of the water industry. Then, due to the high factor loading of the  environmental variable, it was considered to investigate the effects of the mentioned variable on the resilience factor after drawing and presenting three separate path analysis models. The population of the respondents was 460 people from among managers and experts in the field of crisis management and passive defense in the country's water industry, which according to Morgan's table, the sample number is 210 people. But due to the large number of factors (7 factors), the possibility of not providing the sample adequacy index (KMO) with 210 observations and the possibility of the researcher accessing more samples, the number of observations increased to 285 people. In this research, the 7-factor, 37-item questionnaire, with a 5-point Likert scale, has a validity (by fuzzy screening method) of (0.84) and reliability with Cronbach's alpha (0.81). The results of path analysis models in this research show the considerable and significant impact (direct, indirect and total) of environmental factors through legal, economic and  technological factors on the resilience of the country's water industry.

Earthquakes in many parts of the world cause the collapse of buildings and the occurrence of damages and the resulting dangers; Therefore, it is necessary to assess the risk of the buildings and, if necessary, improve or retrofit them. In addition to earthquakes, other natural hazards such as floods and storms, as well as unnatural hazards such as explosions, chemical attacks, and fires may also threaten a building; Therefore, it is necessary to consider all the different aspects of the building's vulnerability in its risk assessment. Evaluation of structures is done in two fast (qualitative) and quantitative (analytical) methods. In qualitative evaluation methods, in a short period of time, buildings are quickly evaluated and classified in terms of vulnerability. In this research, a variety of quick risk calculation methods have been  investigated. The integrated rapid visual survey IRVS method, which has the ability to calculate risk and resilience for all types of man-made threats and natural hazards, has been developed for the domestic conditions of the country, and its Persian software is written using the Python programming language. Read Excel. It also has the ability to offer options to reduce risk according to the user's desired risk.

The machine-made carpet supply chain faces multiple disruptions and must be resilient. To be resilient, identifying barriers holds significant importance. Previous research has examined barriers without considering the stages of supply chain resilience. In this study, barriers to supply chain resilience were identified based on the five stages of supply chain resilience, and their model was presented. The research population consisted of experts in the supply chain of the machine-made carpet industry, using judgmental and snowball sampling methods. The sample size for identifying factors based on theoretical saturation was 14, while in the modeling stage, it was 10. The results indicated 20, 20, 16, 16, and 16 barriers in each of the five stages. Variables such as lack of trust, network complexity, lack of top management commitment, cultural challenges, and low human resource competence are of high importance based on their frequency in the five stages and the roles they play, requiring special attention. To overcome these barriers, it is suggested to focus on developing information infrastructure, employing innovative technologies, conducting training courses, and enhancing human resource management systems

Nowadays, the issue of supply chain network design has garnered significant attention in supply chain management. Researchers have focused on the competitiveness of markets and the pursuit of greater benefits. Therefore, this article presents a multi-objective mathematical model for the    design of a dynamic and integrated supply chain network, specifically addressing a competitive and sustainable closed-loop supply chain for a perishable commodity. The proposed model        incorporates competition between two supply chains, considering environmental, social, and resilience factors. To solve this competitive model, a two-step approach is introduced. In this two-stage approach, the first stage involves calculating equilibrium values for competitive decisions using game theory. Then, in the second stage, an innovative multi-objective algorithm based on Pareto optimization is employed to solve the network design problem, taking into account the results from the competitive stage and addressing the complexities of the proposed model. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed model and solution approach is evaluated using a numerical example analyzed graphically and statistically. The results and graphs demonstrate that the proposed model performs well and successfully achieves the intended objectives.

Allocation is one of the important activities in the reliability process, if it is not done correctly, it will not be possible to achieve the reliability goals for the whole system. To allocate the reliability, methods have been presented that are not free of defects. In this research, five factors of complexity, new technology, operation time, environment and resilience of subsystems are considered and the goal is to consider a new approach in allocating reliability to the goal feasibility method so that different parts and subsystems can be examined and measured based on the desired reliability and resilience. The obtained results are investigated and measured by Foo method with the mentioned five factors and finally validated.The following items are suggested to researchers in the field of reliability and complex systems: • Consider the development of each of the four factors in Fu's method in their research. • Considering this research as a basis, the presented method should be developed in terms of management as well as providing other combined solutions. • After the development of other factors of Foo's method, software can be developed to assign reliability. • Designing a mathematical model for assigning reliability so that it includes more factors. • Finding a quantitative relationship between the cost of a subsystem and its reliability so that the system cost is minimized under the reliability constraint or the system reliability is maximized under the cost constraint.

Food (nutrition) is the most basic human need for survival and health. Humans are concerned about the food supply chain (FSC) and its security in response to this need. The agricultural     supply chain (ASC) is the first link in the FSC and serves as its most important component. Given the vulnerability of the ASC as well as problems such as famine in times of crisis and epidemics, a prepared and prompt response to future unforeseen crises and epidemics can be achieved by   identifying effective criteria for ASC resilience by considering the COVID-19 crisis through decision-making techniques. This paper initially identifies effective criteria for ASC sustainability based on research background and then finalizes them using the Delphi method. The causal  relationships and the interactions between the criteria and their degree of importance were       examined using the fuzzy DEMATEL and fuzzy SWARA methods, respectively. According to the results of the Delphi method, nine criteria were determined for ASC resilience. The fuzzy DEMATEL method divided the factors into two groups: cause and effect. The results demonstrated that the factors of the cause group, including resource availability, information redundancy and flow, and agility, are the most effective and important criteria for ASC resilience, respectively. This research can assist managers and subject-matter experts in taking a step toward enhancing food security during crises like COVID-19 by providing the most effective criteria for ASC resilience.

Energy transmission lines are among the basic infrastructures of the country, and any accident or possible threats can impose huge costs and irreparable losses on the country's economy, and many vital activities of the country face serious problems and the national security of the country. challenged The purpose of this research is to explain the index of resilience indicators and to introduce strategies to increase resilience in the projects of oil product transmission lines. In this research, firstly, based on the studies conducted, the index of the effective indicators in increasing the resilience of oil product transmission line projects was extracted against possible threats. Considering the factor score in the perspective of the related views were categorized. This important reason led to ordering and reducing the number of statements in order to    facilitate the review. Since the factor of forecasting, procurement and cyber protection and as a result the index of the indicators related to this factor has received more points, in conclusion and based on the    findings of the research, the solutions to increase the resilience in the projects of Petroleum product   transmission lines are provided.

Providing electricity to critical electrical loads in all conditions is one of the important goals facing designers and operators of power systems. On the other hand, power systems are always exposed to various events and disasters. The ability to face these events and disasters in power systems is brought up with the concept of resilience. In this article, improving the resilience of distribution networks is pursued. For this purpose, the expansion of fixed and portable energy storage systems in distribution networks has been carried out to keep distribution networks resilience. Due to the importance of providing the critical loads, meeting the critical loads is considered as the main resilience criterion. The proposed model is formulated as a mixed integer linear optimization problem. Minimization of costs is considered as the objective function and fulfillment of restrictions in normal and resilience conditions of the network are considered as the constraints of the problem. In this model, the distribution network is divided into several separate zones and the fulfillment of critical loads in the zones is followed by the available resources and energy storage systems. The results of studies on the test network show the ability of portable energy storage systems to meet the requirements of network resilience.

One of the most important issues in the banking industry is risk issues and risk management. At the top of the nancial system of any economy is the banking industry, which in developing countries has the largest role in nancial intermediation, therefore one of the biggest tasks of the bank is to create a balance in correct assessment and risk management so as to create sustainable pro ts and value for shareholders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the eect of credit risk, liquidity risk, and capital adequacy ratio on the pro tability and resilience of Iranian banks using the panel data method during the period 2016 to 2021. The statistical population of this study includes 27 banks in the country that are operating with the permission of the Central Bank. In the present study, the variables of credit risk, liquidity risk, and capital adequacy ratio are considered as independent variables while pro tability and resilience are considered dependent variables, and data related to these variables are extracted from the website of the Central Bank and Iran Banking Higher Education Institute. At rst, the signi cance of the data was investigated and the result showed that the data are signi cant. Also, based on the Chow and Hausman tests, the appropriate model for the problem was selected. A data normality test was also performed and the results show that all data are normal. Then, by performing the tests of error independence, heterogeneity of variance, and alignment of independent variables, the nal model of the research was tted. The results showed that credit risk did not have a signi cant eect on pro tability but had a negative and signi cant eect on resilience and also liquidity risk had a signi cant negative eect on both pro tability and resilience. Among these, the capital adequacy ratio has a positive and signi cant eect on pro tability and a negative and signi cant eect on liquidity.

Traditional bazaars, as cultural and economic centers of historical cities, are among the most vulnerable urbanfabrics in Iran. Therefore, natural hazards may destroy historical and cultural assets in these areas, disrupt thebusiness of many people and cause significant casualties and economic loss. Considering that such bazaars havemany differences with other urban fabrics, thus, applying conventional risk and resilience assessment methods formeasuring the resilience of traditional bazaars may not provide appropriate results, and new models should bedeveloped for resilience assessment in such urban fabrics. Accordingly, in this paper, a new model to estimate thesystem performance of these urban fabrics that have historic and commercial value against earthquakes isintroduced. The proposed model provides a comprehensive approach based on the system performance to be used inearthquake resilience assessment of traditional bazaars. For this purpose, some indicators related to differentdimensions of earthquake resilience were classified into physical, economic, social and organizational dimensions,based on the relevant scholarly articles. In addition, a new aspect entitled the cultural-historical dimension (which isvery important in assessment of the resilience of traditional bazaars) was introduced, and indicators related to thisdimension were also added to the framework. Then, a questionnaire-based survey was conducted to assess theweights of parameters and their relevant indicators. Finally, the new model was developed based on integration ofdifferent parameters and indicators considered their weights and values.In order to test the applicability of the proposed method, Tabriz Traditional Bazaar (as a World Heritage) wasselected as case study and the overall system performance of this bazaar against earthquakes has been calculated.For this purpose, the values of different dimensions and indicators were integrated based on their weights. Bycalculating the average of the total performance at each section, the total performance of Tabriz bazaar wasestimated to be 54%. This shows that currently the bazaar does not have good condition and in case of anearthquake, different physical damage, socio-economic loss and cultural consequences are expected and recoveryneeds a long time. By using this model, the effectiveness of different interventions in the bazaar for improvingresilience can be also estimated. This will help decision makers to implement the most efficient approaches toreduce the potential impacts of earthquake in this bazaar and select the areas for intervention based on cost - benefitanalysis. The proposed model can be utilized in similar old urban fabrics in other cities, after calibrating theparameters and their weights based on local conditions.

Hub Energy systems meet the needs of customers in critical situations by coordinating the use of different infrastructures, resulting in improved system resilience, reduced losses, and reduced operational costs. Due to the increase in the construction of energy hub systems in distribution networks, the issue of the optimal design of energy hubs has received much attention. Considering this issue, this paper presents a new two-stage optimization model to improve the resilience of distribution systems against storms. We formulate the proposed framework as a two-level planning process, taking readiness decisions in the first stage and optimizing operational variables in the second stage to enhance system resilience. We investigate the mutual interactions between electricity and thermal energy using an integrated electricity and gas model, and propose a computational method to model the worst-case scenarios of gas and electricity flow on an integrated IEEE 69-bus network.

In this paper, the resilience-oriented energy management of the multiple microgrids is followed. For this purpose, a three levelgame theory based model is developed for energy management of microgrids. In this model, the coalition between the microgrids is formed to achieve optimal cumulative energy management considering the resilience concept. In this model, at first, a bi-level problem is developed from the perspective of the central operator to determine the optimal energy trading between the upstream network and multiple microgrids. The proposed bi-level model is formulated as a mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (MPEC) problem. In the bi-level problem, an optimization problem is formulated in the upper level from the perspective of the whole coalition. Therefore, minimizing the operating cost of the entire coalition is considered as the objective function. The lower level of the problem is also modeled from the point of view of each microgrid. In order to resilience-oriented model the energy management problem, the possibility of disconnecting the coalition connection line with the upstream network is probabilistically modeled based on the scenarios. After solving the MPEC problem and determining the energy exchanges, the local microgrids are operated separately from the perspective of the local operator in the third level.In this way, the operational statues of the electrical units as well as the energy storage systems are determined.The results of the simulations show that by using the method proposed in this article, with the presence of energy storage systems, the interrupted load and also the operating cost in the resilient mode will be equal to the normal mode.Also, the studies demonstrate using the proposed three-level model, the total cost is reduced by about 5.7 for the normal mode and about 7% for the resilience mode compared to the conventional two-level model.

Reinforced-Concrete Shear Wall (RCSW) is a common lateral resisting system especially in mid and high-rise structures. This popularity among engineers is due to high ductility and in-plane stiffness of the RCSWs. RCSWs have shown good performance as seismic load-bearing systems in past earthquakes. However, the main disadvantage of RCSWs is the crushing of concrete at the foot of the wall and as a result the buckling of the reinforcement in this area, which makes it difficult and, in some cases, impossible to repair after the earthquake. As a solution, using Buckling-Restrained Brace (BRB) as boundary elements at the base of the RCSWs is proposed and investigated in this research. For this purpose, two sets of 6 and 12-storey structures with conventional RCSW and BRB-RCSW as lateral resisting system were designed, and their seismic response were assessed through static (monotonic and cyclic), dynamic Nonlinear Time History (NLTH) and Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Analyses (NIDA). The results indicate improved structural performance and an increase of response modification factor from 4.4 in conventional RCSW to 5.47 in RCSW-BRB. Furthermore, the proposed system prevents the induced damage at the foot of the RCSW while the replaceable BRBs act as the fuses, increasing the resiliency of the structure. So that the behavior factor of the frame equipped with buckling-restrained braces increased by 30 percent in the 6-story building and 20 percent in the 12-story building.