جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « شهر » در نشریات گروه « فنی و مهندسی »

Today, the growth of urban populations and the numerous problems of cities have made it vital to pay attention to the quality of life and the needs of citizens. The livability approach by identifying the factors affecting the instability of urban development is a good solution for improving quality of life of citizens and existing conditions. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to investigate the situation of urban livability from the viewpoint of citizens in the eight metropolitan areas of Kermanshah. The primary research tool was a questionnaire that was used to determine its validity and reliability by experts and Cronbach's alpha. SPSS software version 21 and Excel and statistical tests were used to analyze the data. Due to the fact that the research variables followed the normal distribution, parametric statistical tests were used to analyze the data. In fact, the status of the three dimensions of livability (socio-cultural, economic, environmental) was determined using a single-sample t-test. From the point of view of Kermanshahi citizens, the living conditions of all areas except District 4 was below average and unfavorable. The general livability rate in the eight regions of Kermanshah was in the order mentioned: region four> region seven> region-five> region one> region six> region two> region eight> region three. Examination of the three dimensions of livability showed that the socio-cultural dimension was better than other dimensions, but the economic and environmental dimensions were lower than average and had an unfavorable status.

The usual mathematical methods are based on certain scales, while the urban form does not have a certain scale due to its various aspects. The city has a concept related to scales within it, where distribution can be seen without the pattern of different scales. Accordingly, the description of the city's characteristics should be based on specific scales. Fractal geometry is one of the most powerful tools for scale analysis in cities, leading to the emergence of fractal cities. However, how to understand fractal on an urban scale is under question. Using the inference of fractal logic and ideas, this paper discusses fractals and fractal dimensions on an urban scale. Fractal dimensions have been studied in the historical neighborhood of Khamachilar in Khoy city. The main block one in the fractal formula is 1.26. The main block two in the fractal formula is 1.32. The main block two is more fractal than the main block one. In fact, one of the main tasks in scientific research is to create these patterns. Determining the fractal dimensions of blocks is one way to achieve these patterns. According to the studies performed in both blocks one and two, according to the counting, box, and self-similarity methods, block one has a higher degree of filling than block two. Block two is more complex than block one and block one is more uniform than block two.

Pedestrians’ walking in groups comparing their walking alone has considerable effects on moving stream. In this study, authors used a new method to investigate the level of service (LOS) of the sidewalks in Iran. According to the conducted field study, the real characteristics of pedestrians were extracted from the recorded movies; then, were simulated in the software. Finally, the data of field study and the results of simulation were used to validate the software. To evaluate the effects of pedestrians’ groups on pedestrians’ spaces in sidewalks, authors considered six different scenarios including 10%, 20%, and 30% of pedestrian groups with two individuals, 10% and 20% of pedestrian groups with three individuals, and composite presence of 25% groups with two individuals and 15% groups with three individuals. To do this, two kinds of sidewalks with 3 and 4.5 meters in width is chosen. According to the results of this study, when the numbers of groups increase, the average of pedestrians’ spaces in sidewalks decreases. For instance, presence of 10% of two individuals’ groups in a sidewalk, which is designed for LOS of C, with three meters in width does not make any change in LOS of sidewalks. However, presence of either 20% and 30% of two individuals’ groups or 10% and 20% of three individuals’ groups decreases LOS from level of C to level of D. Also, the rate of decrease of LOS in wider sidewalks happens slower than that in narrower sidewalks. The results of this study along with available standards and handbooks can be used as appropriate guidelines by city designers and managers to improve design procedures, Increase the satisfaction of the people in a city and save money on construction cost.

Roads have different roles in the economy of cities. Roads can influence on direction of development of the city and therefore increase the cost of land and wealth distribution. In this study، it is tried to have a more clear understanding about costs and benefits of these kinds of roads، with descriptive- analytic method to find out the effects of ring roads on the economy of cities as after construction، it does not harm the economy of the city and there will be improvement on it. The importance of this research appears especially where the cities are located between the roads with service roles. In this research، the north ring road of Damghan was chosen as a sample. Data for this research was obtained through field method by gathering traffic volume counts، photographs and interviews with city managers، traffic Police and owners of service centers and also by documents. The results indicate that the best solution in current situation is organizing all of these three roads through the passengers’ goals، investments، increase in revenues of service jobs and the city and economy improvement.

Today increasingbuilding density to respond to population growth is inevitable. In the meantime; urban development leads to the increase of natural hazards too and in regard to Iran being situated on the one of the two seismic belts of the earth، the need to plan and design in accordance with the principles of urban passive defense in the course of constructionis strongly felt. In this regard، this studydeals with a descriptive􀀅analytical method and aims to reduce the vulnerability ofcities against natural hazards، particularly earthquakes، and it attempts to determine the maximum building densitybased on passive defense principles. Required information has been obtained from documents، journals and related books. In this paper، after examining the documents and information، a method for determining the maximum building density with anapproach to reduce vulnerability against earthquakehas been provided and by using that، the densitypatternwithin the limits of the study in Shahroud city has also been calculated. Accordingly، in compliance with proposed method، in the first step it must be specified that considering ahypotheticalearthquake، with the condition of maintaining the minimum required space in the streets for assistance، the remaining space of street for the buildup of building debris، what the maximum of destruction capacity for what the height of a building is. The next step، having obtained the building height، with the assumption of the height of each floor and the building occupation rate، the maximum density and the number of floors of the building can be calculated.

Today، following the continued growth of urban population and increasing natural hazards، strengthening the resiliency of cities is essential and in order to mitigate vulnerability، it should be taken into account as an important part of urban development projects. In this regard، this study has been developed with a descriptive-analytical methodaimed at prioritizing the organization of streets in terms of strengthening their resiliency to reduce vulnerability to natural hazards. In this study، part of the central city of Damghanhas been studied as an example. In this regard، criteria influencing theresiliency of streets based on conducted studies were extracted، and each of thestreets was scored based on these criteria. In the end، all streets were classified based on the total scores and the weighting of criteria، hence، prioritizing each street can be stated for the organizing process.