جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Man-made threats » در نشریات گروه « فنی و مهندسی »

So far, several studies have been conducted to provide various bridge inspection checklists for different applications. However, many of these checklists focus on seismic vulnerability assessment or the identification of various types of bridge defects and cannot be used to assess security risks. The purpose of this paper is to try to develop a checklist for rapid visual screening of bridges to evaluate security risks. In preparing this checklist, we have tried to express the questions in a simple and clear way so that the inspectors with general information about the bridges and without performing destructive or non-destructive tests can easily calculate the probability of successful attack (Psuc) that is used to assess the vulnerability of the bridges. The checklist of this article is prepared in three sections: (1) questions, (2) scoring table, and (3) visual guide. The questions section examines the level of security of bridges from the perspective of criteria related to (D1: Deter), (D2: Detect), (D3: Deny), and (D4: Delay) countermeasures. This checklist examines 6 common security threat scenarios on bridges, including (1,2) Vehicleborne improvised explosive device (VBIED), land borne and waterborne, (3) Hand-emplaced IED (HEIED), (4,5) Vehicular impact (VI), land borne and waterborne, and (6) Fire. The checklist provided can be used to assess the security of common types of bridges with the use of road transport both inside and outside urban environments crossing a valley or river.