جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « منابع کودی » در نشریات گروه « کشاورزی »

In order to study the effect of Pseudomonas putida and Glomus mosseae on accumulation of nutrient elements residual on root, straw and soil in wheat under dryland conditions, an experiment was carried out in a factorial arrangement using randomized complete block design with three replications at Agricultural Research Station of Ilam University and Sarableh Agricultural and Research, Recources Center during 2013-2014 cropping season. Experiment factors consisted of two dry land wheat cultivars (Keras Sablan and Saji) and fertilizer sources treatment including of 1- without application of phosphorus chemical fertilizer, 2- 50 kg ha-1 P, 3- Pseudomonas putida (PSB), 4- Glomus mosseae (GM), 5-PSB+GM, 6-PSB+GM+25 kg ha-1 P, 7- PSB+ 25 kg ha-1 P and 8- GM+25 kg ha-1 P. Results indicated that interaction effect between cultivar× fertilizer sources had significant effect on accumulation of nutrients elements residual in root, straw and soil in dryland wheat at 1% probablity level. Application of PSB and GM caused increased in N, K, Fe and Cu in soil and the lowest N, P, K, Zn, Fe, Cu and Mg were obtaind in root and straw. The highest N, K, Fe and Cu in soil belonged to Saji cultivar× GM+25 kg ha-1 P. Root and straw had the highest N, P, K, Zn, Fe, Cu and Mg in root and straw in Keras Sabalan×check treatment (without feriilizer sources).

Bacteria are common inhabitants of the rhizosphere or as endophytes in internal plant tissues. The function of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in agriculture has been well documented, including enhancements in growth, yield and disease-resistance of crops (Young et al., 2013). The ability of a few soil microorganisms to convert insoluble forms of phosphorus to an accessible form is an important trait in plant growth-promoting bacteria for increasing plant yields. The use of phosphate solubilizing bacteria as inoculants increases the P uptake by plants (Chen et al., 2006). Mycorrhizal fungal symbiosis is widely believed that it protects host plants from detrimental effects of drought. Possible mechanisms for improving drought resistance of the mycorrhizal plants could be due to an increased in root hydraulic, enhanced water uptake at low soil moisture levels as a result of extraradical hyphae, osmotic adjustment which promotes turgor maintenance even at low tissue water potential, proline and carbohydrate accumulation, and increased nutritional status in mycorrhizal plants. The intra-radical mycelium of these soil fungi proliferates in root cortex of the host plant. Extraradical AM hyphae spread in the soil around the root and provide a surface area by which the AM fungus absorbs nutritional elements “such as P, N, Zn, Cu and transports and transfers them to the host plant (Asrar & Elhindi, 2011). The objective of the present study was to Effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi on accumulation of shoots micro nutrient elements wheat in dryland conditions. Materiala and In order to study the effect phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and Mycorrhiza fungi (GM) on accumulation of shoots nutrient elements wheat in dryland conditions, an experiment was carried out in factorial arrangement using randomized complete block design with three replications at Agricultural Research Station of Ilam University and Sarableh Agricultural and Research, Recources Center during 2013-2014 cropping season. Experiment factors consisted of two dry land wheat cultivars (Keras Sablan and Saji) and fertilizer sources treatment including of 1- without application of phosphorious chemical fertilizer, 2- 50 kg/ha phosphorous chemical fertilizer, 3- pseudomonas putida (PSB), 4- Glomus mosseae (GM), 5-PSB+GM, 6-PSB+GM+25 kg/ha phosphorous chemical fertilizer, 7- PSB+ 25 kg/ha phosphorous chemical fertilizer and 8- GM+25 kg/ha phosphorous chemical fertilizer. The data were analyzed statistically by SAS program and the data means were compared by LSD test. Results indicated that interaction effect between cultivar× fertilizer sources had significant effect on accumulation of nutrients elements in shoots in dryland wheat. In two dryland wheat cultivars under dryland conditions using of PSB and GM caused incearsing Zn, Mn, Feand Mg, at tillering stage, leaf, stem and spike in wheat, so that the highest Zn at tillering stage (13.9 mg.kg-1), leaf (11mg.kg-1), stem (15.6 mg.kg-1) and spike (24.09 mg.kg-1), Mn at tillering stage (238.5 mg.kg-1), leaf (56.1 mg.kg-1), stem (6.2 mg.kg-1) and spike (16.5 mg.kg-1), Fe at tillering stage (2.5 mg.kg-1), leaf (163.5 mg.kg-1), stem (35.7 mg.kg-1) and spike (90.2 mg.kg-1) and Mg at tillering stage (0.3% .) and leaf (0.26%) obtained from Saji cultivar×GM+25 kg/ha phosphorous chemical fertilizer. The lowest accumulation of nutrients elements in shoots belonged to Keras Sabalan×check treatment. Therefore, results indicated PSB abd GM had positive effect on mcro elements in wheat under dryland conditions. There was significant different between cultivars to response of using of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi, so that Sji cultivars had the best response to mycorrhizal fungi. Therefore with regard to cultivation of wheat is facing to drought and heat stress, indicated that Saji cultivar and using of mycorrhizal fungi can be the best result under dry land conditions. In this study indicated PSB and GM had positive affect on accumulation of shoots micronutrient elements in wheat dryland conditions, so that root traits and grain yield had the better status in presence of inoculation with GM. In fact PSB and GM could alleviate the partial of grain yield in presence of dry land farming by increasing micronutrient elements.

Current estimates indicate that 25% of the world agricultural lands are affected by water stress. Iran, with an annual 228 mm of rainfall, is classified as a dry region in the word. Wheat is one of the main cereal crops, cultivated for human feeding. In order to increase crop yield per unit area, largely chemical fertilizers are used. The result of these activities in recent years has been the crisis of environmental pollution, especially water and soil pollution that threatens human society. Phosphorus is one of the limiting elements for crop production. It is essential for energy transfer, photosynthesis and other biochemical and genetic activities of plant. Biofertilizers have been used as source to improve plant nutrients in sustainable agriculture. Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) plays an important role in phosphorus nutrition by enhancing its availability to plants through release from inorganic and organic soils phosphorus pools by solubilizing and mineralization. Mycorrhizal crops often have greater tolerance to drought than nonmycorrhizal crops. The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi capable of forming symbiotic associations with most agricultural crops and has potential under such systems due to its higher binding capabilities and mineral nutrition. Therefore, the main of this study was to study the effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi on root characteristics and grain yield in dryland wheat cultivars. This experiment was carried out as factorial arrangement based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station of Ilam University (46*28' N, 33*37 E; elevation 1174 m) and Sarableh Agricultural Research, Recources Center (34*46 N, 33*45 E; elevation 975 m) during growing season 2013-2014. Experiment factors consisted of two dry land cultivars (Keras Sablan and Saji) and fertilizer sources including of 1: without application of phosphorious chemical fertilizer, 2: 50 kg.ha-1 phosphorous chemical fertilizer, 3: pseudomonas putida (PSB), 4: Glomus mosseae (GM), 5: PSB+GM, 6:PSB+GM+25 kg.ha-1phosphorous chemical fertilizer, 7: PSB+ 25 kg.ha-1 phosphorous chemical fertilizer and 8: GM+25 kg.ha-1phosphorous chemical fertilizer. At flowering stage root traits such as root volume, root area, root diameter, root length density and root surface area density were studied and measured. At full maturity, agronomic traits such as spikes.m-2, grains.spike-1, 1000-grain weight, grain yield and biomass yield were recorded using a sample of ten random guarded plants from the middle ridges of each plot. The data were analyzed statistically by SAS program and the data means were compared by Duncan's multiple range test (DMRT). Results indicated that interaction effect between cultivar× fertilizer sources had significant effect on root length total, root volume, root area, root diameter, root length density, root surface area density, spike.m-2, grains.spike-1, 1000-grain weight, grain yield and biomass yield. Using fertilizer sources had  positive and significant effect on root traits and grain yield in two dryland wheat under dry land condition, so that Saji cultivar ×GM+25 kg.ha-1 had the highest root volume (4.6 cm3), root area (70.9 cm-2), root length density (0.158 cm root length.cm-3 soil), root surface area density (84.3 cm2.cm-3), spike.m-2 (257.5 spikes), grains.spike-1 (42.7 grains), 1000-grain weight (39.7 g), grain yield (3571.6 kg.ha-1) and biomass yield (7840.6 kg.ha-1) and the lowest root traits and grain yield belonged to Keras Sabalan×check treatment. There was significant different between cultivars to response of Using of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi, so that Saji cultivars had the best response to mycorrhizal fungi. Therefore with regard to cultivation of wheat is facing to drought and heat stress indicated that Saji cultivar and using of mycorrhizal fungi can be the best result under dry land conditions. The results indicated phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and mycorrhizal fungi (GM) had positive effect on root system and grain yield, so that root traits and grain yield had the better status in presence of inoculation with GM. In fact PSB and GM could alleviate the partial of grain yield in presence of dry land farming. Recent studies indicated that symbiosis bio-fertilizers also improved soil physical and chemical traits and increaced organic matters content, root system and P available to coexistent plant.

This study is aimed at investigating the effect of using humic, bio and nano fertilizers and levels of nitrogen fertilizers in flower yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) at the University of Torbat Heydarieh research farm located in Zaveh in 2014-2015. Treatments consisted of three levels of nitrogen application and use of fertilizer sources as the main factor, including Bioumik, Super Humic, combined Super Humic and Bioumik, Humi Ful, Nitrokara and no fertilizer as sub plots as split plot based on randomized complete block design with 18 treatments and three replications. Analysis of data showed that the effect of year and fertilizer sources on all traits measured was significant. The effect of nitrogen treatments was significant (at 1%) except on number of flowers, dry style, mean dry weight stigma, and mean dry weight. Fertilizer sources increased all measured traits significantly. Application of Biomic increased petals and sepals dry weight (736.34 g/m2) by 46.78% in comparison with the control (464.19 g/m2). The highest dry weight stigma (524.2 g/m2) was seen in Super Humic Bioumik treatment compared to the control group (443.1 g/m2). Super Humic treatment increased dry weight stigma by 86.49% relative to control. It seems that the use of humic, bio and nano fertilizers has a good effect on saffron performance.