جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « گوجه فرنگی گلخانه ای » در نشریات گروه « کشاورزی »

Tomato is one of the most important vegetable in Iran, not only because of its economics importance, but also for the nutritional value of its fruit, mainly due to the fact that they are an excellent source of natural colors and antioxidant compounds. Water quality and fruit maturity stage has a significant effect on tomato fruit quality. In the present research, we studied the response of tomato grown at different salinity levels, as well as the changes that take place during different maturity stages, in order to improve the management and harvesting of tomato and obtain fruit of a higher nutritional value. In this study, to evaluate the effect ofsalinity and fruit ripening stage on physical, biochemical properties and shelf life of tomato fruits in hydroponics system, an experiment was carried out as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Moghan College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, during 2015. Fruits from plants grown under three saline treatments (2, 4 and 8 dS m-1) were harvested at three ripening states (mature green, purple and red colors). The nutrient solution was prepared based on full strength of Hoagland's solution containing: 5.6 mM Ca (NO3)2, 4 mM KNO3, 1 mM KH2PO4. Characteristics such as fruit fresh and dry weight, total soluble solid, firmness, flavor index, titratable acidity, soluble protein, ascorbate peroxidase activity and shelf life were measured. The results showed that total soluble solids, juice electrical conductivity and dry matter percentage of fruits significantly increased with increasing salinity in the nutrient solution and progressed the ripening stage, but fruit water content decreased by 9%. The highest weight (147.7 g) and volume of fruits (153 cm3) were obtained in plants grown under 2 dS m-1 salinity and fruits harvested at the purple stage. Titratable acidity increased with increasing of salinity in the nutrient solution, but its content decreased at the red color stage. Firm fruit with greater shelf life was observed under 2 dS m-1 salinity and at the mature green stage. Soluble protein content in fruit was increased by increasing salinity levels in the nutrient solution, especially at the ripening stage. The application of 4 dS m-1 salinity at mature green stage increased ascorbate peroxidase activity up to 62.5% compared to 8 dS m-1 salinity and red color fruits. These results suggest that the improvement in fruit quality induced by the salinity is achieved by some biochemical changes and the reduction of fruit water content. Increasing of salinity in the nutrient solution can be useful for improving fruit quality, especially, when fruit is harvested at the red stage. However, with increasing salinity in the nutrient solution up to 4 dS m-1 and fruit harvest in the red color stage fruits with better quality and more suitable weight can be produced.

In order to investigate the effect of different amounts of municipal compost and super absorbent polymer on yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and water use efficiency in greenhouse a factorial experiment was conducted with two factors in randomized complete block design in four replications in Khorasan Razavi Agriculture and Natural Resource Research and Education Center (torough station). First factor was four levels of compost including (C0=0, C15=15%, C30=30% and C50=50% weight of soil) and second factor was super absorbent polymer at four levels including (G0=0, G5=5, G10=10, G15=15 gram per pot). All fertilizers according to soil test as well compost and super absorbent polymers were used before planting. Pots were irrigated at 50% allowable moisture depletion. Results showed that interaction effect of Hydro gel and compost on yield of tomato was significant and the highest yield was 3520 (gr/pot) obtained from C30G0 treatment. The lowest yield was 1588 (gr/pot) and obtained from C50G15 treatment. Results showed that interaction effect of Hydro gel and compost on water use efficiency was significant too, and the highest WUE was 57.97kg/m3 obtain from C30G0 treatment and the lowest WUE was 15.64 kg/m3 Obtained from C0G15.The best of interval irrigation obtained from C50 treatments equal 8 days. According to the results and beneficial effects of compost on growth and yield of tomato use of compost I preparing of bedding of greenhouse tomato is recommended.

Limitation of high quality water made it necessary to find suitable methods of irrigating management. Reduce of water waste, increase of yield and even controlled water stresses are known as factors improving water use efficiency. Irrigation (fertigation) in hydroponic systems is much more important than in soil based cultivation and is highly depended to physical characteristics of medium used. This experiment was carried out to investigate the response of hydroponically cultured greenhouse tomato to deficit irrigation (DI), partial root zone drying (PRD) and incorporating in different media. A split- plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replicates and four observations in each experimental unit was used. Irrigation treatments were applied using 5 methods (normal irrigation using 100% of water need, deficit irrigation with 70 and 50% of water need and PRD treatments by 50 and 70% water need). Three types of media (perlite, perlite + 1% w/w hydrogel and perlite + 2% w/w hydrogel) were considered as secondary factor. Results showed that on average, full irrigation resulted in better values of fruit weight, number, diameter and yield than DI and PRD. Media had 2% hydrogel showed better results than the others on measured traits. Fruit dry matter and firmness were higher in deficit irrigation treatments. Other quality traits including juice pH, vitamin C, fruit color, firmness, titrable acidity (TA) and total soluble solids (TSS) were also statistically different among treatments. PRD obtained higher values in most cases. It seems using small amounts of hydrogel (e.g. 1% w/w) in media is not enough effective on perlite characteristics and can not affect fruit quality indices. For this purpose, higher proportions (e.g. 2% w/w) must be incorporated with coarse perlite.

Agricultural sector experiences the application of automated systems since two decades ago. These systems are applied to harvest fruits in agriculture. Computer vision is one of the technologies that are most widely used in food industries and agriculture. In this paper, an automated system based on computer vision for harvesting greenhouse tomatoes is presented. A CCD camera takes images from workspace and tomatoes with over 50 percent ripeness are detected through an image processing algorithm. In this research three color spaces including RGB, HSI and YCbCr and three algorithms including threshold recognition, curvature of the image and red/green ratio were used in order to identify the ripe tomatoes from background under natural illumination. The average error of threshold recognition, red/green ratio and curvature of the image algorithms were 11.82%, 10.03% and 7.95% in HSI, RGB and YCbCr color spaces, respectively. Therefore, the YCbCr color space and curvature of the image algorithm were identified as the most suitable for recognizing fruits under natural illumination condition.

Growth traits, yield and fruit quality in ‘Synda’ tomato were compared with those in tomatoes grafted onto either ‘King kong’ rootstock or onto their own rootstocks, (trained as single or double stem), and at two fruit thinning levels, of: no thinning or thinned to five fruits per truss. The data related to Crop Growth Rate (CGR), Relative Growth Rate (RGR), Net Assimilation Rate (NAR), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Ratio (LAR), Leaf Weight Rate (LWR), Specific Leaf Area (SLA), fruit length and diameter, single fruit weight, pH, TA, vitamin C, fruit color indices (L*, a*, hue, chroma) and fruit yield harvested per plant were recorded. Grafting and training had important and significant effects on the evaluated traits. Plants grafted onto ‘King kong’ rootstock and double stem plants recorded the highest values in most traits. Fruit yield increased about 27% in plants grafted onto ‘King kong’ rootstock and 42.5% in double stem plants. Also Crop Growth Rate increased in double stem plants and in plants grafted onto ‘King kong’ rootstock. Dry matter allocation varied considerably, depending on the rootstocks and training method. The results indicated that fruits of plants grafted onto ‘King kong’ rootstock stored the highest proportion of plant total dry matter among all treatments (54.57%). According to the results, practical use of the grafting and training techniques could improve growth and yield of tomato in greenhouse system of crop production.

In order to determine values of energy consumption and energy indices in cultivating tomato in greenhouses of Kermanshah province, thirty tomato greenhouses in two regions in the province were studied and evaluated. Theses greenhouses from aspects of construction and other used systems completely were the same and just in planting management were different. To conduct the research at first, questionnaire forms were designed. Some main questions in the questionnaire forms were such as; area of greenhouse, type and rate of fertilizer and chemical materials, number of used worker, value of water consumption, construction parameters of greenhouse and type and using time from machines. Then, these questionnaire forms were filled and thus, requirement information were obtained to calculate consumption energy and determination of energy indices. Obtained results indicated that average values of energy consumption (input energy) to produce one kilogram tomato greenhouse was 0.8081 Mj. Values of energy productivity, net energy gain and energy ratio were respectively 1.327 kg/Mj, -1225.426 Mj/ha and 0.989. The obtained values of energy indices were showed that energy efficiency is low at studied greenhouses in Kermanshah province. However, since prices of energy factors are low and price of produced tomato is expensive thus, cultivation and production of greenhouse tomato is still economic in Kermanshah province.

Abstract This research was performed in a completely randomized block design with four replications to investigate zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) nutrition effects on greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. HAMRA) in a perlite-containing media. Experimental treatments were: (1) control (Mn and Zn-free nutrient solution), (2) application of Mn in a concentration equal to the full Hoagland’s nutrient solution (4.06 mg/l), (3) application of Zn in a concentration equal to the full Hoagland’s nutrient solution (4.42 mg/l), (4) application of Mn and Zn in concentrations equal to the 50% Hoagland’s nutrient solution (2.03 mg/l Mn + 2.21 mg/l Zn), and (5) application of Mn and Zn in concentrations equal to the full Hoagland’s nutrient solution (4.06 mg/l Mn + 4.42 mg/l Zn). Results showed that the highest fresh-fruit yield, fruit and leaf dry matter and content of Mn and Zn in fruit were obtained from single or combined application of Mn and Zn in concentrations equal to the full Hoagland’s nutrient solution. In addition, Zn and Mn nutrition significantly affected the fruit concentrations of crude protein, nitrogen and phosphorus, while the effect of these treatments on fruit size of tomato was not significant.