جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ▪herbal extract » در نشریات گروه « کشاورزی »

Some medicinal herb extracts have the antibacterial capability. On the other hand, herb extract is one of the organic, natural, and environmentally friendly substances. In recent years, the production of environmental and safe packaging materials has attracted the attention of scientists and industrialists. Paper is one of the biodegradable and less cost options for packaging in various industries, including the food industry. Also, the raw materials of paper can be modified and changed with different materials. As a result, paper fibers can be treated with herb extracts and used in the production of renewable papers with antibacterial properties.

In this research, thyme (Zataria Multiflora) was used for extraction. The thyme obtained from the research farm was dried and then powdered. Powdered thyme was treated via ultrasonication. In this method, two amplitudes of 40 and 60 amplitudes and three time levels of 3, 6, and 9 minutes were used for extraction. Then the papers were treated with herbal extract prepared in two amounts of 15 and 20% based on the dry weight of the paper by spraying. The antibacterial properties of the papers were investigated with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The chemical structure of materials extracted from the thyme extract investigated by fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR) analysis. Also, gas chromatography (GC-MASS) analysis was used to investigate the components of thyme extract. The optical properties of the paper, including brightness and opacity, and the strengths properties of the produced papers were measured by tensile, tear, and burst strengths.

The highest inhibition zone diameter in the treated paper with the thyme extracted by ultrasonic method was 20 mm in 40 amplitude and 9 minutes for Escherichia coli bacteria. Also, the highest inhibition zone diameter for Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was 14 mm in 60 amplitude and 6 minutes. According to the results of the papers analysis, the papers showed better antibacterial properties and higher inhibition zone against the Escherichia coli bacteria. The chemical compounds in the thyme extract including various substances such as hexane and furans. The most important chemical components that caused the antibacterial properties of the papers is carvenone, which was observed in the thyme extract. The results of the strength test of the treated papers showed that the sample of the thyme extracted by the ultrasonic method at 40 amplitudes, 3 minutes, and the 20% consumption amount based on the dry weight of the paper has the highest tensile and burst index. As well as, the highest tear index of the treated papers was in the treated sample with the thyme extracted at 60 amplitudes, 3 minutes, and 15% consumption amount based on the dry weight of the paper. The results of the optical tests showed that the opacity of the papers decreased and the brightness increased.

The results of this research showed that the paper as a biodegradable and environmentally friendly material has the ability to be treated with herbal and natural antibacterial materials such as the thyme extract. Also, the herbal extracts are a suitable alternative to inorganic and metallic materials in the production of materials with antibacterial properties due to the herbal extracts are cheap, available and natural materials.

Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) is an allelopathic cover crop used for the physical control of weeds. In order to investigate the effect of Sunn hemp formulated extract with chitosan nanoparticles on the germination of some weeds, an experiment was carried out in 2021 at the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Mohaghegh Ardabili University with three replications. The experimental treatments included weed species wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) and pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and extract concentration as zero (distilled water), 150 and 200 g/L. The results showed that Sunn hemp formulated extract with chitosan nanoparticles affected the germination percentage and related components in weed seeds. Also, the results indicated that with the increase in concentration (150 and 200 g/L respectively) the germination percentage of wild mustard seeds (20 and 44%, respectively) and pigweed seeds (6 and 12%, respectively) decreased compared to zero concentration. The results demonstrated that the wild mustard weed seed was more affected compared to the pigweed. Pearson's analysis showed a negative and significant effect of germination on time up to 25, 50 and 75%, mean germination time, and germination index. It also showed the positive and significant effect of germination on the coefficient of the velocity of germination, peak value, and germination value. The results emphasize the effect of Sunn hemp extract formulated with chitosan at a concentration of 200 g/L on the reduction of germination and its related components in wild mustard seeds.

In this research the nanocomposite antioxidant film of rice starch-halloysite nanoclay incorporated with Bene extract prepared and its physicomechanical and antioxidant properties were evaluated. For this purpose, the experiments were done according to central composite design based response surface methodology to assess the effects of halloysite concentration in the range of 0-10% w/w starch and Bene extract concentration in the range of 0-30% w/w starch on dependent variables containing tensile strength, elongation at break, water vapour permeability and antioxidant activity for bionanocomposite film. The obtained results revealed that in the studied range of halloysite concentration and Bene extract concentration, their linear effects on the dependent variables were significant (P<0.05) and tensile strength increased and elongation at break, water vapour permeability and antioxidant activity decreased with increasing halloysite concentration. Also increasing Bene extract concentration caused increasing in elongation at break, water vapour permeability and antioxidant activity and decreasing in tensile strength of the film. According to the results obtained from optimization of the effects of halloysite and Bene extract concentration on properties of antioxidant film, the optimal values for halloysite and Bene extract concentration were 8.54 and 23.42 wt% respectively and for tensile strength, elongation at break, water vapour permeability and antioxidant activity were 4.39Mpa, 56.21%, 2.22×109 g/msPa and 33.95% respectively.

Change in the food consumption’s pattern and the widespread use of the fast foods, as well as, the globalization of the food trade and the transportation of food over the long distances have brought great challenges to the safety and quality of the foods. One of the most important uses of the papers is the food packaging industry to keep the health and quality of the packaged materials from the production step to the customer. The extract of medicinal plants has the ability to create antibacterial properties. In this research, rosemary extract was used to produce the antibacterial papers. Extraction of plant was done by using soxhlet extractor and ultrasonic. In the soxhlet method, the dry powder was extracted at 4 and 6 hours and in the ultrasonic method, 40 and 60 powers were used for extraction. Then the papers were treated with plant extract prepared in two amounts of 15 and 20% based on the dry weight of the paper. The antibacterial properties of the papers were investigated with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. All the papers treated with rosemary extracted by soxhlet method showed antibacterial property. Inhibition zone of bacteria was formed for both of them. The maximum diameter of the Inhibition zone for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with 6 hours’ extraction and the consumption amount of 20% was 22 and 20 mm. In the treated paper with rosemary extracted by ultrasonic method, the maximum diameter of the Inhibition zone for Escherichia coli bacteria was 20 mm in 40A and 9 min. Also, the highest diameter of the Inhibition zone for Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was 20 mm in 40A and 9 min. Gas chromatography confirmed the presence of antibacterial substances including, Borneol, Camphor, and Bornyl acetate in rosemary extract

The rapid development of fish farming and the increasing demand for fish have led to the dense cultivation of fish, which in turn has caused stressors for fish and thus increased the risk of disease. until now, the use of chemicals has been widely used for prevention and treatment, however, the use of chemical drugs has several negative effects on the environment (creation of resistant strains of bacteria) and human health (accumulation in tissues). medicinal plant compounds are readily available, especially for small-scale fish farmers, they are easy to use, nature friendly and degradable. since there has been a lot of attention recently to the use of plant compounds as a substitute for chemical hormones, therefore, in this article, the use of medicinal plants in sex reassignment, reproduction and breeding of different species of fish is mentioned. in this study, the library method has been used.

In order to evaluate the effect of harmful extracts of russian knapweed, vetch, and rye on weeds control of french bean, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2017 at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station, West Islamabad. Experimental treatments included cranberry, vetch, and rye weeds and their other pest extracts at three levels (zero, 50, and 100% of vetch, cranberry, and rye aerial part extracts). The results showed that the interaction of weed species and the concentration of allopathic extract had a significant effect on grain yield, 100-grain weight, biological yield, and dry weight of field weeds but had no significant effect on harvest index and ocular assessment of plant damage. With increasing the concentration of allopathic extract, french bean grain yield increased. The highest grain yield (981 kg.ha-1) was observed in plants treated with crap and the concentration of 100% allopathic extract. The lowest dry weight of weeds (12.33 g.m-2) was observed in plants under rye treatment at a concentration of 100% of the allopathic extract, which was not significantly different from vetch treatment at the same concentration. The decrease in the dry weight of bean field plants at high concentrations of other harmful extracts can be attributed to the control effects of the tested plant extracts. In general, increasing the concentration of allopathic extracts had an inhibitory effect on the density and dry weight of weeds and had a significant increase in 100-seed weight, pod length, biological yield, and grain yield of french bean.

In this study, the effect of Nauplius Artemia (Nauplii Guard) and adult Artemia (Artemia Guard) in the preservative based on hydro alcoholic extract of Melissa Officinalis and Allium sativum, in order to introduce new Artemia products as aquatic food with domestic production capacity for use in ornamental fish breeding centers. Its effect on the rates of reproductive mortality, reproduction and survival rate of Poecilia reticulata were studied and evaluated. The obtained farm results show decreases the mean (±SE) significantly difference of mortality (percentage) of guppy breeding fish in feeding treatment with nauplii guard in female breeders compared to other experimental groups (p <0.05) and also increased the mean (±SE) survival rate of larvae in different treatments with significantly differences in the nutritional experimental group with live Artemia (p <0.05). Based on the results of this study, it can be suggested to use Artemia Guard and Nauplii Guard technology by replacing feeding with live and frozen Artemia in ornamental fish breeding centers. Firstly, biosafety in these centers is observed by preventing the entry of dangerous pathogens and these products are environmentally friendly. Secondly, the need to hatchery system for Artemia eliminated and thirdly, it is easy to access and easy to use.

The purpose of current study was to investigate the synergistic effects of indigenous probiotic strains isolated from the gastrointestinal tract with herbal extracts on gastrointestinal mucosa health (intestinal microflora) and immunity of broiler chicks. In current study, the effect of two types of probiotics (Iranian and foreign products respectively), phytobiotic (thyme extract), profit (a mixture of thyme extract and probiotic) and antibiotics on broiler chicken’s performance were evaluated. Experimental diets provided from day one to end of the period. Statistical analysis results show that adding profits and both probiotics to the diet of chicks leads to a significant decrease in feed intake compared to the control and antibiotic treatment (p≤0.05). All supplements increased the relative weight of lymphatic tissues of the spleen and bursa. Probiotics and prophylaxis treatments had a significant higher weight gain than phytobiotic (Thyme) treatment (p≤0.05). Experimental treatments compared to control treatment significantly improved FCR (p≤ 0.05). Dietary additives can improve the immune system and adding them to broiler chicks diet lead to improving performance and in the future can be introduced as an alternative to antibiotics in poultry feeding.

Sprouting is responsible for about 12 to 15 percent of the potato waste storage. Despite of effective existing methods, such as the use of chloropropham to control potatoes sprouting, the emergence of harmful aspects due to application of this chemical preservative, and growing interests of consumers towards healthy foods, persuade us to use natural compounds to inhibit potato sprouting. In response to this need, Eucalyptus and Lavender extracts with different levels of concentrations, 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 g / L, were used each month to control sprouting (germination) of storage potatoes, Agria germin, for 6 months. A group of tubers were only treated by 37g chlorpropham (5 purity). Data were analyzed by completely randomized design with 3 replications and factorial experiment at 5% statistical level. Results showed that with increasing the concentration of extracts from 0.5 g/l to 2 g/l, potato sprouting was controlled more effectively and significantly. Further increase in concentration of extracts did not have any effect. Usage of these extracts at concentration of 0.5 g/l stimulated the tuber sprouting compared to the control. Using a concentration of 2 g / l of Eucalyptus and Lavender extract, germination of the tubers decreased 64 and 82 percent respectively, and also total weight of the sprouts declined 79 and 86 percent, respectively. The best effect was achieved by 2 g/l combination extract of Eucalyptus and Lavender which showed more than 90 percent reduction in tubers sprouting. Organoleptic evaluation of the boiled and fried potatoes, treated with chlorpropham (CIPC) or the combined extract of Eucalyptus and lavender, did not showed significant differences, but both of them, received more points compared to the control tubers.

The persent study was carried out to investigate the effect of different levels of dietary mistletoe (LM) on growth performance and hematological parameters of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). Thirty six fish (mean initial weight 721.6±119.8 g) were fed 3 times a day with three different diets including 0, 50 and 500 mg/kg LM for 12 weeks. Biometry was done to calculate growth and nutritional indices every two weeks interval and six fish were randomly sampled at the end of experiment to measure hematological parameters. The obtained results showed that no significant difference in growth performance in comparison with the control group (P>0.05). However, the hematological parameters were not affected by LM hydroalcoholic extract (P>0.05). This study showed that using dietary LM did not have a significant effect on growth and hematological parameters of Siberian sturgeon.

This research was performed to investigate the effect of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) water extract on shelf life of rainbow trout fillet in the refrigerator (4±1ºC) based on total microbial load, chemical evaluation and sensory characteristics. For this reason, the fish were divided into three groups including fish with intravenous injection of rosemary extract at the rate of 0.1% and 0.3% (treatment 2 and 3), intramuscular injection of rosemary extract at the rate of 0.1% and 0.3% (treatments 4 and 5) and non-injected (treatment 1). Fish were caught and filleted 62 hours after injection, then kept for 16 days at refrigerator. During this period, peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), free fatty acids (FFA), total volatile nitrogen base (TVB-N) and total bacterial load (TVC) indices were measured every 4 days and also sensory evaluation was performed. According to the results, treatments 3 and 5 showed significant differences (P

Introduction In view of rising concerns on the extensive use of antibiotics in animal production, there is an increasing interest for developing alternative disease control strategy to enhance animal health and to reduce the use of antimicrobials. One promising new possibility to achieve this goal is the use of natural foods and herbal products to enhance feed efficiency, gut health, and innate immunity. In clinical medicine, plant-derived products are increasingly being used as feed supplements to enhance immunity to diseases and cancers. Among these products, the dietary effects of the mixture of three plant derived phytochemicals, carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, and Capsicum oleoresin as anti-bacterial and anti-fungal agents have been reported. Carvacrol is a component of numerous aromatic plants, such as Origanum vulgare, thyme, and wild bergamot. The anti-microbial functions of these herbs are associated with carvacrol since carvacrol vapour has been shown to inhibit Salmonella growth in chickens. Cinnamaldehyde is a constituent of cinnamon and widely applied as flavoring. It has been proven to have strong anti-bacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella sp., and Vibrio parahemolyticus. Capsicum oleoresin, prepared by organic extraction of pepper fruits, contains anti-bacterial activity. It contains the pungent principles, capsicin which has effects on the resistance to Salmonella enteritidis infection by altering pH and histological changes.
Materials and Methods In this study, 160 Ross 308 male broiler chicks were allocated in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments, 4 replicates of 8 chicks in each replicate for 42 days. Treatments contained 1 level of oxytetracycline antibiotic and 3 levels of extract supplementation (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of feed). The rearing and management conditions were equal for all groups. Experimental diets were formulated to meet the nutrients requirements of the Ross broiler chicks. Chicks had full access to feed and water during the experimental period. Performance parameter such as body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were recorded at 1-10, 11-24 and 25-42 d of age for each replicate. At the end of the experiment, two birds of each replicate were slaughtered and blood was collected to determine hematological parameters, and carcass characteristics were analyzed.
Results and Discussion Based on the results, in 1-10 d period supplementing the broiler diet with 100 mg/kg herbal extracts decreased significantly feed intake (P

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of medicinal plants on growth performance، immune system and blood parameters of broilers. In this study، a total of 480 one-d-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allocated to eight experimental groups، each with three replications and 20 birds in each replicate. The basal diet was consumed with 15-ppm virginiamycin and the plant extracts of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus L.)، German chamomile (Matricaria chammomilla L.)، Yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.)، Iranian caraway (Bunium persicum (Boiss.) B. Fedtsch.)، Garlic (Allium sativum L.) and licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.)، at 0. 1% in drinking water. At day 41، three birds of each experimental unit were bled to measure haematocrit، cholesterol، triglyceride، total protein، uric acid، LDL and HDL. The birds were vaccinated against Newcastle disease (ND) via drinking water at day 23 and blood samples were taken at days 34 and 41. The highest ND titer and antibody titer to SRBC was observed in German chamomile group and eucalyptus group (p<0. 05)، respectively. The highest level of serum triglyceride was observed in virginiamycin group at day 42; however، it was not statistically significant with control group (p<0. 05). The lowest level of cholesterol was measured in garlic group (p<0. 05)، and the lowest level of LDL was determined in eucalyptus group (p<0. 05).

In recent years, we have paid special attention to the development and production of broiler chickens. In this regard, the use of medicinal plants has been considered as growth promoters. Hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties of medicinal plants and their extracts have been proved. The purpose of this study was to compare hypolipidemic effects of five herbal extracts and virginiamycin as growth promoters in the poultry industry. Seven hundred and twenty1-d-old male broiler chicks were randomly divided into 9 treatments and 4 replicates (20 birds per replicate). Treatments respectively included extracts of thyme (Thymus vulgaris), garlic (Allium sativum), common thyme (Thymus kotschyanus), common sage (Salvia officinalis), peppermint (Mentha piperita), blend of thyme and peppermint and blend of common thyme and common sage with a dosage of 1%, virginiamycin with dosage of 15 ppm and control. Total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), HDL cholesterol, and heterophil/lymphocyte ratio were measured after 42 days. Among the extracts, garlic (Allivum sativum) significantly reduced the levels of TC, LDL, and TG and significantly increased the level of HDL. Heterophil to lymphocyte ratio was not affected by treatments and the highest and lowest ratios were respectively observed in treatments of peppermint and garlic. Herbal extracts could improve blood factors compared with the antibiotic and control groups.