جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « agricultural land » در نشریات گروه « کشاورزی »

In recent years, some farmers in the plains of Saman in the province of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari have changed the use of almond orchards in this area to agricultural land and pastures in order to provide food and fodder. Since these activities are mostly carried out without sufficient knowledge of the soil environment, there can be a serious threat to reduce soil quality. Therefore, studies on the effect of different managements on different soil characteristics and in the direction of a sustainable soil resource are very important. In this research, the effect of land use change in these areas on some physical and chemical indicators of soil quality was investigated.

In order to investigate the effect of land use change on some physical and chemical indicators of the soil quality of three land use systems comprising a permanent almond orchard, permanent pasture and almond orchard converted to land were selected in the plain of Saman. 15 samples of soil (45 samples in total) were taken from 0 to 30 cm in the form of networks (30 x 30 meters) in each of the three land use systems considered. Some physical and chemical parameters of studied soil samples measured by standard methods.After collecting and saving data in Excel, a one-side analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on using the SPSS18 software and the comparison of the means was also carried out on the basis of the LSD test at a probability level of 1%.

The results of analysis of variance data showed that changing land use (changing of almond orchards to agricultural land) had significant effect on the indeces examined physical and chemical of at 0.01 level. The Land use change did not change the surface soil texture of the study areas. The soil texture of all three-study system was almost the same (clay loam inclined to sandy clay loam). According to the findings of the mean comparison, when almond orchards were converted to agricultural land, there was a significant reduction in total porosity, mean weighted diameter of soil aggregates (MWD), base infiltration rate, and soil organic carbon by 12%, 56%, 50%, and 54%, respectively. Conversely, there was a notable increase of 10%, 5%, 44%, and 18% in bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity, and soil lime percentage at a significance level of 0.01 (pr<0.01).In this study, substituting improved pasture plants with land grazed pasture significantly augmented the average of soil organic carbon, total porosity, solidity of soil aggregates (MWD) and base infiltration rate by 48%, 14%, 69%, and 40%, respectively, as compared to agricultural land at a significance level of 0.01 (pr<0.01). However, no significant difference was observed at a significance level of 0.01 (pr>0.01) between almond orchard and pasture land concerning the evaluated indicators.

Overall, the parameters analyzed indicate that organic carbon, mean weighted diameter of soil aggregates (MWD), and bulk density are reliable indicators of soil quality in the study area. The average values of these indicators provide an optimal alternative for management and tillage practices in various land uses. Moreover, due to the delicate and vulnerable ecosystems of Saman Plain, it is recommended to avoid converting garden lands (such as almond orchards) into agricultural lands within the study area. This approach will help prevent soil erosion in one of the most sensitive areas of the country.

Land use change is a major challenge to agricultural production that has intensified in recent years. The problem will in the long run have severe economic, social, and environmental repercussions for rural areas and beyond. Identification of the many factors involved allows for effective policies to be formulated and executed in order to reduce the adverse impacts. It is the purpose of this qualitative study to analyze the factors affecting agricultural land use change in Bavi County, Khuzestan. The statistical population used in this study comprises local farmers who committed either authorized or unauthorized land use changes. Sampling is accomplished using the ’snowball’ method and data are collected through interviews with users. Analysis of the data thus collected reveals that economic, social, legal, and regulatory factors as well as indiscriminate spatial development may be identified as the causes underlying agricultural lands use changes. Based on the results obtained, recommendations are finally formulated to improve upon the current indiscriminate land use change in the study area.

The issue of land use change and land cover is directly related to the basic resources of water and land in the agricultural sector. Therefore the present research examined factors affecting the agricultural land use change in Torbat Heydarieh County of Iran. The required data were collected from completing 366 questionnaires in a stratified random sampling method among farmers in villages of the county in 2019 and analyzed by a multiple logit model. The study results showed that in small scale farms, in the case of decision to change the land use, the age variable had a significantly negative effect and the variables of education, non-agricultural income, cultivated area, extent of crop losses and the land being a rainfed one had a significantly positive effect on the land use change; in addition, in case of decision not to change the land use, the variables of age, work experience and livestock side job, product price, satisfaction with government support programs, agricultural income and the amount of loans received had a significantly positive effect. In case of medium and large-scale farms, increasing the cultivated area would increase the effects of the independent variables including extent of crop losses, work experience and livestock side job, satisfaction with government support programs and agricultural income and increase the variables of age, product price and the amount of loans received. Therefore, providing low-interest and long-term loans and agricultural insurance are suggested to increase income and reduce losses for farmers.

The parent material and geology have a significant contribution to heavy metal contents and magnetic susceptibility in soils. Magnetic susceptibility is known as the extent of a material’s impact on the magnetic field, which depends on the concentration and the type of magnetic minerals in the soil. Magnetic susceptibility measurement is fast, easy, economically convenient, and non-destructive. Mass magnetic susceptibility and frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility are among the conventionally used parameters. The type of land use is among the main factors influencing magnetic susceptibility distribution in soil. Besides, soil magnetic susceptibility is affected by slope position and different soil properties such as soil organic matter and carbonates. A variety of relationships have been observed between heavy metal concentrations and magnetic susceptibility across various types of soil, parent material and climatic regimes. Generally, magnetic properties have positively correlated with the type and concentration of magnetic minerals as well as the particle size of soil fractions. Besides, magnetic susceptibility has a weak negative correlation with diamagnetic components such as quartz, gypsum, calcite, and organic materials. The main objectives of this study were to i) determine the relationships between magnetic susceptibility (MS) and concentration of some heavy metals such as copper, iron, zinc, and manganese in the surface soils and ii) explore the impacts of land use and geomorphological units on the variability of heavy metals and MS in a semi-arid region in the west of Iran.

The present study was conducted in Kurdistan province located in western Iran, the area is about 110,000 ha and mean altitude of 2277m above sea level. The area has an average annual temperature of 10.20 °C and an average annual rainfall of 369.8 mm, which dominantly occurs in spring and winter. Besides, the area has soil moisture and temperature regimes of Xeric and Mesic, respectively. The lithological setting of the studied area includes reddish of sandy marls and marl sandstone, river deposits, alluvium-cultivated land, and granite. The studied area was divided into different parts in terms of geomorphology and land use. Soil sampling was done using the stratified random sampling approach. A total of 347 samples were collected from the surface layers (0-30 cm depth) of the studied area. Magnetic susceptibility at both high and low frequencies was measured using a Bartington MS2 dual-frequency sensor. The amounts of all the selected heavy metals including iron, zinc, manganese, copper, and nickel were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Soil particle sizes, acidity, SOC, CCE and electrical conductivity were measured in all soil samples. The concentration factor and Tomlinson’s Pollution Load Index were calculated. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to examine the correlation between different parameters. The analysis of variance was used to evaluate the effects of geomorphology and land use on heavy metals and magnetic susceptibility. Spatial analysis was done conducted for some variables (Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cu, and χlf) and the map of variables were created in ArcGIS v.13 software.

The results showed that the positive significant correlations were observed between heavy metals and silt content and negative significant correlations were observed between heavy metals and sand content. Fine soil fraction compared with coarse fraction has the higher specific surfaces and more susceptible to attract heavy metals. Moreover, positive and significant correlations were obtained between the SOC and heavy metals across various land use types and geomorphic units. Organic matters have a high cation exchange capacity, therefore they adsorb heavy metals and hold them on their surfaces. pH and CCE showed negative and significant correlations with heavy metals and magnetic susceptibility. The positive correlation between heavy metals and magnetic susceptibility in agricultural land, piedmont, and river plains units observed. Also, PLI and CF have a positive correlation with magnetic susceptibility. The t-test showed that a significant difference between agricultural lands and non-agricultural land types and ANOVA results in various geomorphic units of the study area indicated that the magnetic susceptibility between piedmont and mountainous areas were significantly different.

Results indicated a significant correlation between magnetic susceptibility and heavy metals. Besides, the magnetic properties of the soil are influenced by its physical and chemical properties that have large impacts on reducing or improving its magnetic field. Significant differences were observed between agricultural lands and non-agricultural lands as well as mountainous and piedmont areas that had different parent materials. These results indicate the great impact of parent materials constituting the soil on the absence or presence of diamagnetism in the region.

Lead accumulation in soil is influenced by various factors such as physico-chemical properties of soil, parent materials of rock, soil pollutant resources, organic and chemical fertilizers in agriculture and etc. So, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of soil physico-chemical properties on accumulation of lead in soil. The study area is located in 20 kilometers ambitious Aq- qala to Inche boroon road. Soil sampling was carried out in 5 blockswith distance of 3000 m. In each block six soil samples from 0-5 cm depth with a gap of 200 meters from each other were taken, totally 30 soil samples. After measuring the lead content, physical characteristics, texture and Bd and chemical, OM, SAR, CaCO3, EC and pH of soil samples were tested. Effects of soil properties on lead accumulation were analyzed by using linear and multiple regressions.Results showed that soil physical properties have no effect on the accumulation of lead. Among soil chemical properties, CaCO3 and EC had significant negative correlation and pH and OM had significant positive correlation with lead accumulation. Moreover, no significant relationship was observed between SAR and lead contents in the soil.Therefore, in the selected model based on the results of analysis of variance (by linear regression method), variables such as CaCO3, EC, pH and OM were selected as the most important factors that could express the lead concentration in the study area.

Population growth over the last decades and consequently the need for food, have led humans to dominate more cultivated land. Inevitably, these lands require water, which can be possible by controlling the rivers water by constructing dams. Finding suitable land for agricultural purposes in a way that suitable conditions for cultivation and also water required for it can be provided by various methods such as controlling surface water (dam) and underground water (well drilling, etc.) It has always been the attention of experts. In this study, the feasibility of suitable agricultural lands in the upstream of the Javeh dam has been investigated. Accordingly, by assuming pumping water with different heads from the pumping station in the dam reservoir, taking into account different factors (slope, head, distance and land use), the site selection has been carried out. Spatial analysis was performed using ArcGIS software. By overlapping the factor maps and weighting each one of them, the appropriate ranges are derived based on the defined factors. The results show that by increasing the head twofold, the area of the selected range is almost doubled, while by increasing the head fourfold , the area of the selected range increases about six times. It should be noted that in this study, verification of the selected areas has done by using satellite images.

Currently, one of the most serious problems of agriculture in Iran is agricultural land use changes. This is a second fundamental issue after water shortage. Land use change is the main important example of human impact on the environment which induced many changes in social, economic and physical structure. So this investigation conducted to study the land use trend and their influence on sustainable development components. In this study Zayandehrood basin of Isfahan province was selected as the study area. In the present study in consistent with the nature of the research, Quantitative-qualitative methodology were used. According to the results the rate and speed of land use change process in studied area was intensely increased, as settlement lands during the study time increased from 14 thousand hectares to nearly 39 thousand hectares and their effects on sustainable development component could be divided in four elements (environmental, economic, social and agricultural).

This study investigated motivation factors affecting on farmer’s participation in terrace cropping operations in agricultural land in Chehel-Chai watershed in Golestan province. Research method was descriptive and t­he statistical population of the study consisted 75 farmers participated in terrace cropping operations in agricultural land in Chehel-Chai watershed in Golestan province. Using systematic random sampling, 62 of them were chosen. Information was gathered through a questionnaire and its face validity was confirmed by experts of soil conservation and agricultural extension. The reliability analysis was conducted with completing 30 questionnaires outside the geographic research region and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.81. Data were analyzed using SPSSwin16 software. The results showed most important motivators for farmer’s participation in terrace cropping operations in agricultural land were cooperate with other farmers implementer operations, encourage other farmers and perform the operations by neighbors adjacent farm. Also the results showed a greater impact of individual-social motivators for farmer’s participation in implementation of terrace cropping operations in farms. This study has proposed attention to interpersonal relationship between farmers and offering technical advice by visiting experts to farms and communication resources especially radio and television in order to continue participating farmers in implementation of terrace cropping operations.

Soil compaction has become a widespread problem in the world and it is considered as one of the main factors affecting land degradation in arid and semi-arid agricultural land. Compaction in arable soils, is a gradual phenomenon that appearing over time and most important factors that influence it include: soil properties, high clay content, low organic matter, frequency of wet-dry in the soil, impervious layer of soil, load heavy agricultural implements and soil and water mismanagement. Compaction induced soil degradation affects about 68 million hectares of land globally. The vast majority of compaction in modern agriculture is caused by vehicular traffic. Carbon sequestration by long-term management operation of the plant and soil, not only increase the soil carbon storage but also lead to reduce the carbon exchange and greenhouse gases emissions like CO2 from the soil profile. The aim of this study was evaluating the effect of soil compaction on carbon and nitrogen sequestration of wheat and soil and some soil physical properties such as: aggregate stability, saturated soil moisture content, bulk density and soil porosity.
This experiment was accomplished in which is located near Aq Qala in a randomized completely block design (with 4 treatments and 3 replication). Soil compaction was artificially created by using a 5/7 ton heavy tractor. The treatments arrangements were: 1) T1: control, 2) T2: twice passing of tractor, 3) T3: four time of passing tractor, and 4) T4: six time of passing heavy tractor. Utilize of all agricultural inputs (fertilizers, herbicides, etc.) has been identical for all treatments. Since rain-fed farming is the common method to cultivation of cereals in the study area, so no complementary irrigation was carried out in this period. In this study, after the measurement of the parameters, the data were analyzed by using SPSS 16.0 Software. LSD test was used for comparison of means.
The results showed that the different levels of soil compaction significantly increased soil bulk density. All the soil compaction treatments have caused a significant reduction on carbon and nitrogen sequestration in soil and wheat, soil aggregates stability and saturated soil moisture values. In the other hand the amount of soil pH and EC has increased significantly by increasing soil compaction levels that Indicates the negative effect of compaction on salinization of arable land.
The results of this study showed that the negative effects of soil compaction on soil physiochemical attributes are dependent on escalation of compaction. In total, even low levels of soil compaction (the treatment of two passes of a heavy tractor) is able to remarkably alter soil physiochemical attributes and thus carbon and nitrogen sequestration in soil and wheat. Induced changes in nitrogen and carbon sequestration levels are important for who concerned of global warming and climate change. Regarding the inability of deactivating soil compaction adverse effects in the deep soil layers of agricultural fields is the best way of handling and preventing soil compaction. Using these sluggish renewable resources should be consistence with land capability and its physical nature. This type of land use will result in sustainable development. From the remarks given here, it might be concluded that revising agricultural regimes and production methods is inevitable. On this ground, revisiting current agricultural systems should be considered and an urgent demand for state-of-the-art methods consistent with environmental objectives is being felt. To prevent soil compaction as much as possible, tractors and machinery traffic must be avoided to an acceptable level and this is of high priority during the time which soil is wet. It is more preferable to perform the operations with lighter machineries. As much as possible in a sophisticated agricultural plan these recommendations must be considered: Increasing soil organic matter, leaving crop residue from the previous crop at the soil surface, using crops with deep-and-vertical-penetrating roots during crop rotation, tillage depth variation in different years, using super absorbent for better ventilation and reduces soil compaction, implementing no-tillage system to reduce traffic of farming machineries, maintaining plant residues at the soil surface, applying lacking nutrients to the soil, and subsoil operations to reduce the detrimental effects. As a field-based study, the results could be transferred to the local farmers. Authorities have to remove the obstacles to deliver the message to the farmers in order to enhance production and reach nation self-sufficiency.

This study aims to determine the most effective estimate of hedonic model for pricing agricultural land in Sanandaj Central Township. The necessary data obtained through completing 124 questionnaires and applying a classified random sampling method. The results showed that the estimation made by spatial econometric method in terms of R square and percentage of significant coefficients was more accurate. Furthermore، the effect of spatial dependent variable on land price was positive and significant. Finally، it is recommended to utilize spatial econometric model for hedonic valuation of agricultural land.

Land is a natural resource and a major factor of production. It is a commodity that both in terms of the location and the quality is uneven. This paper aims to determine the factors affecting the value of agricultural land in Ghaemshahr Township in Northern of Iran. For this purpose Hedonic method is used. Needed data were collected from a sample of 70 farmers in 2013. Results showed that land area، land quality and distance from the railroad had positive and distance from forest، distance from the city center and the distance from main road had negative effect on land prices. The average price of land in Ghaemshahr township for 1000 m2 estimated to be around 436 million Rials. Based on the findings of the study building better road and imposing limitations on land use were recommended.

Soil characteristics are important variables in runoff and soil erosion processes. Therefore، this study was conducted to investigate some variables affecting runoff and soil erosion، in agricultural lands located around Sari town. Systematic sampling was done at 60 points with 20 m intervals. Also، rain was generated using a rainfall simulator. For all simulated rains the intensity and duration were set at 2 millimeters per minute and 15 minutes، respectively. Soil samples were collected from adjacent points to the rainfall simulator from depth of 0-30 cm. Results showed that soil moisture، organic matter، sand percentage and bulk density had the most influences on runoff generation with 0. 56، 0. 40، 0. 29 and 0. 28 values of correlation coefficients، respectively. Organic matter and clay content had the greatest effect on soil loss from croplands with 0. 303 and 0. 30 values of correlation coefficient، respectively. The results of multiple linear regression models showed that runoff and soil erosion could be predicted based on percentages of soil،s organic matter، moisture and clay content variables with coefficients of determination of 0. 493 and 0. 71، respectively.