جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « astragalus » در نشریات گروه « کشاورزی »

This study was carried out with the aim of investigating and knowing the chemical and physical characteristics of Astragalus parrowianus Fischer and the relationship of these characteristics with soil and topographical characteristics in Jalamabadan rangeland of Joveyn city. At first, the studied area was divided into four places where A. parrowianus was present for sampling. In July and August of 2019, the study area was visited to take samples of tragacanth and then by using of scientific resources and the guidance of local operators, 4 different sites with the presence of A. parrowianus were identified. Then, in each of the places, the tragacanth was extracted from the plant bases and A profile was dug at a depth of 0-60 cm in order to prepare a soil sample. Quantitative characteristics of tragacanth, including production, ash, viscosity, and qualitative characteristics of Tragacanth, including potassium, calcium, phosphorus, and sodium elements, arabinose, galactose, fructose, glucose, sucrose sugars, and proline, serine, and valine amino acids were measured. In the collected soil samples, the factors of electrical conductivity, percentage of sand, silt, clay, pH, soil water saturation percentage, potassium and organic matter were determined in the laboratory using standard methods. Also slope, aspect and elevation maps were prepared in order to determine the topographic characteristics. Then, using one-way analysis of variance, the difference between the sites was investigated in terms of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of tragacanth and soil characteristics. Finally, using the Redundancy Analysis (RDA), the relationship between the environmental characteristics and the characteristics of tragacanth was investigated. Among the soil characteristics, the amount of organic matter, the percentage of clay, sand, the amount of gravel and electrical conductivity have significant differences in the studied sites. While potassium, pH and percentage of silt have no significant difference among the studied sites. Except for valine, magnesium, sucrose and galactose, the physical and chemical characteristics of tragacanth have significant differences among the investigated sites. Site 1 has the lowest amount of viscosity, calcium, sodium, fructose, proline and the highest amount of product and ash. Site two has the highest amount of potassium, phosphorus, arabinose, glucose, and proline. The third site has the highest viscosity, calcium and serine and the lowest sucrose and galactose. Site four has the lowest amount of ketira, potassium, phosphorus, arabinose, glucose, ash, serine and the highest amount of sodium and fructose. Also, about 90% of the changes are justified by the first axis of the RDA diagram and the variables of height above sea level (72%), soil alkalinity (42%), slope direction (36%), electrical conductivity (34%) and slope percentage (33%) were the most important effective factors in differentiating the different growth locations of A. parrowianus in Jalmabadan region. According to the results, the characteristics of tragacanth gum are influenced by environmental factors, and each of the characteristics of tragacanth gum are affected by certain environmental characteristics. From this, for various industrial purposes that certain characteristic of Katira gum is important, it is necessary that the effected environment in which the species grows or its gum is harvested should be in optimal conditions.

Early establishment of rangeland plant species, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, is a considerable issue to increase their yield. In order to investigate the effects of seed priming on changes in yield of the Astragalus brachyodontus pasture species, the present study was carried out in the greenhouse with factorial design. Three treatments of hydro-priming (distilled water), osmopriming (Polyethylene Glycol with two levels of -0.4 and -0.8 MPa) and hormone priming (gibberellic acid) as the first factor, and three levels of deficit irrigation stress (100% field capacity, 75% field capacity and 50% field capacity) were considered as the second factor and 3 populations (Zanjan, Qom and Khalkhal) as the Third factor with 3 replications. The results showed that seed priming, deficit irrigation stress, populations and their interactions had a significant effect at the 1% probability level on all investigated traits. The soil water reduction caused a significant decrease in seedling germination percentage, stem length and weight, but the root length increased and the root weight first increased and then decreased intensively. The maximum yield of height (11.0267 cm), root length (30.6467 cm), stem weight (1.1700 g) and root weight (1.3664 g) was related to Zanjan population in normal irrigation. The treatment of -0.4 MPa osmopriming had the highest values in root length (33.1556 cm), stem weight (1.2144 g) and root weight (1.4800 g). Generally, according to the present research, -0.4 MPa osmo-priming and hormone priming with gibberellic acid were introduced as treatments to improve the Astragalus brachyodontus species performance in the greenhouse under the severe deficit irrigation stress condition. This results can be considered to improving the establishment and performance of this native valuable forage, in breeding programs and rangeland development, to improve its initial establishment in deficit irrigation conditions.

Forage quality is one of the most important factors that is necessary for proper nutritional management of livestock from rangelands. The most important quality factors of plants are crude protein, ADF, crude fiber, metabolic energy and digestible dry matter. The present study was conducted to evaluate the forage quality of high-yielding herbaceous species (Astragalus brevidens and Astragalus vegetus) grown in Homand Absard Research Station. The studied species are palatable species of rangelands of Khorasan, West Azarbaijan and Kurdestan provinces, which the seeds were collected and cultivated in 2010 at Homand station. In this study, sampling was performed in 2020 in three stages of vegetative growth, flowering and seeding in three replications and qualitative indices were measured. The results showed that the forage quality of these two species (four ecotypes) in the vegetative and flowering stages is higher than the seeding stage. In terms of crude protein content, digestibility and metabolic energy of all 4 ecotypes were very desirable in the vegetative and flowering stages (protein and metabolic energy above 8 and digestibility above 60%) and at the seeding stage. Also, there was no significant difference between the two species in terms of qualitative parameters. The highest amount of crude protein (16.24%) and the lowest amount of NDF (37.36%) belonged to Astragalus vegetus (Diwandare ecotype) in the vegetative stage. Due to the desirability of these two species in all stages of growth, these species can be used for livestock in spring and early summer.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Sufivand-manganese mine (located in Harsin city of Kermanshah province), on some soil characteristics, plant growth and some physiological traits of yellow milk-vetch (Astragalus parrowianus). Soil and plant samples of natural rangeland were taken in May around Sufivand mine at different distances namely in  the 100,500.1000,1500 and 2000 meters far from the mine respectively The statistical design of this project was performed based on a systematic random methodology in the five concentric circles around the Manganese mine. Six samples of soil and Astaragalus plant outside of manganese mine boundary (was not affected by mine) with the same edaphic and topographic conditions were sampled as a control treatment. The results of this project indicated that measured some physiological properties and plant growth were significantly affected by the distance from the Manganese mine. Hence, the maximum rate of root weight to canopy weight (0.85), transfer factor (1.9),    root density factor (4) and proline content (0.8 μmol / g) were significantly observed at (p 0.05) compared to the control treatment at a distance of 100 meters from the mine. The minimum stem length (12 cm), total nitrogen content (3%), essential oil content (0.2%), catalase activity (0.45 Units/mg) and peroxidase activity (0.2 Units/mg) at 100 meters distance from the mine were significantly different from the control at (p 0.05). It is concluded that the closer distance to the mine the more hazard of manganese to the Rangeland plants.

Infiltration of water into the soil is a pant water supply key process. It has also an essential role in controlling surface runoff and groundwater. The objective of this study is to investigate and model the infiltration rate in different vegetation types (Annual Grass- Astragalus rhodoseminus, Astragalus ecbatanus- Euphorbia denticulata, Quercus brantii, Annual Grass). Infiltration rate was measured by double ring infiltrometer (DRI). Three samples were taken from each vegetation type, and infiltration indices and some soil characteristics were measured. One-way ANOVA was used to test the changes in infiltration indices and soil characteristics of different vegetation types and the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to test the relationships between infiltration rates and soil parameters. The performance of Kostiakov, Philip, Horton, Soil Conservation Service (SCS) and modified Green–Ampt models were evaluated by statistical criteria such as Nash-Sutcliffe (NS), efficiency coefficient (EF), root-mean-square error (RMSE), etc. The results showed that silty soil is not similar in different vegetation types. Although the infiltration did not show a significant difference in the vegetation types, the average infiltration rate in the Astragalus ecbatanus- Euphorbia denticulata type was equal to 14.4 cm/h, as the highest and the lowest value was observed in the Annual Grass-Astragalus rhodoseminus type with 6.25 cm/h, so that the former is 2.3 times larger than latter. Correlation results showed that infiltration has the highest relationship with porosity. The modeling result suggests that the modified Green–Ampt has a very high performance for estimating the infiltration rate in Annual Grass- Astragalus rhodoseminus, Astragalus ecbatanus- Euphorbia denticulata, Quercus brantii, annual Grass types with EF of 0.976, 0.945, 0.886, and 0.927, respectively. The results indicate that the infiltration varies in the different vegetation types that should be considered in the management of ground water rechage.

Astragalus with more than 800 species is one of the largest plant species in Iran and most of its species are medicinal and native. In this study, karyotypic characteristics of 21 populations from 13 species including A. vegetus, A. iranicus, A. vanillae, A. chrysostachys, A. glycyphyllos, A. bombycinos, A. campylorrhynchus, A. macrourus, A. caragana, A. ebenoides, A. pseudocyclophyllus, A. stevenianus and A. jodostachys were examined and compared. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the populations in terms of all measured traits (TL, LA, SA, AR, CI, TF%, DRL, LA% and SA%), except for traits A1 and A2. Population 25786 of A. vegetus species from Khorasan with average length of 4.51 μm had the highest total chromosome length and population 13764 of A. vanillae species from Qom with 2.67 μm had the lowest mean total chromosome length. According to the values of AR, CI, TF%, A1, A2, DRL, LA% and SA%, population 3421 of A. vegetus species is the most asymmetric and population 29586 of species A. campylorrhynchus had the most symmetrical karyotype.

Density is an important indicator of vegetation evaluation, which several methods have been developed for its assessment, but their accuracy is concerned. To reveal accuracy of each methods, a study site of 32000-m2 in the steppe rangeland of Marjan, Boroujen was selected and divided into eight macroplots of 4000-m2. Then, the individuals of Astragalus verus and Astragalus albispinus were counted in each microplots. A transects of 100-m established parallel to the length of the macroplots (40 × 100 mm) and density was measured using closest individual, nearest neighbor, random pairs, point-centered quarter, third closest individual, angle order and variable area transect methods, systematic-randomly in 10 sampling points in each macroplots. The results indicate that the real density of A. verus and A. albispinus were 0.1593±0.084 and 0.0622±0.0282/m2, respectively. Closest individual (0.1357±0.1315/m2), nearest neighbor (0.1368±0.1432/m2), point-centered quarter (0.1016±0.1664/m2), random pairs (0.0588±0.0536/m2), third closest individual (0.1107±0.0775/m2) and variable area transect (0.0221±0.0105/m2) for A. verus and angle order (0.0927±0.0523/m2), nearest neighbor (0.0424±0.0357/m2) and third closest individual (0.0524±0.0447/m2) for A. albispinus showed no significant difference with controls. The results revealed that the closest estimation to the controls belongs to the nearest neighbor (-0.141) and third closest individual (-0.0098) for A. verus and A. albispinus, respectively. Moreover, the nearest neighbor (RMSE=0.6877, SE=0.0026 and R=0.1147) and closest individual (RMSE=0.5609, SE=0.0007, R=0.0320) showed the most precise estimation of densities of A. verus and A. albispinus, respectively. Generally, the closest individual for estimating plant density of A. verus and the nearest neighbor's for A. albispinus are proposed.

To investigate the effect of seeds priming of Astragalus gossypinus Fisher. with MS and selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) solution in early stages of germination, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications in the Laboratory of Production and Duplication Center of Municipality of Kashan, in 2017. Experimental treatments consisted of priming with MS solution at 4 levels (0 as control, 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 % w/v), and SeNPs in 4 levels (0 as control, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 %w/v) for 2 hours at 25 ° C. The results of the experiments indicated that MS, SeNPs solution and interaction of treatments were significant at the 1 % level on all studied traits, including of germination percentage, radicle length, plumule length, germination coefficient, relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll content. The highest germination percentage, the content of chlorophyll a and b, and plumule length were obtained in application of combined MS solution 0.01% w/v with 0.2% w/v of SeNPs. On the other hand, application of these treatments alone had positive and significant effects on the studied traits. The use of priming methods, such as used methods in this research, and its effects on Astragalus gossypinus are innovations of this research.

The genus Bruchophagus Ashmead, 1888 (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) has a worldwide distribution. These small wasps are seed eater of rangelands plants, therefore they are considered as one of the main pests for rangelands. This study was conducted to identify the fauna of this genus in some parts of East-Azarbaijan, Iran. In total, 13 species from different localities have been collected and identified. The identified species include: B. astragali Fedoseeva, 1954; B. bajariae                  (Erdös, 1957); B. colutea (Bouček, 1954); B. evolans Szelényi, 1961; B. gibbus (Boheman, 1836); B. kononovae Zerova, 1994; B. turkestanicus Zerova, 1994; B. macronycis Fedoseeva, 1956; B. mutabilis Nikolskaja, 1952; B. nikolskayae (Zerova, 1968); B. parvulus Zerova, 1994; B. ponticus Zerova, 1994 and B. trigonellae Zerova, 1970. Of which, four species have been reported for the first time in Iran including B. coluteae, B. macronycis, B. parvulus and B. ponticus. Host plants of all collected species were listed and finally a checklist of known species of the genus Bruchophagusin Iranwas presented.

This research was aimed to evaluate seven perennial Astragalus species including Astragalus subsecondus, Astragalus lilacinus, Astragalus vegetus, Astragalus brachyodontus, Astragalus effusus, Astragalus cyclophyllon, Astragalus brevidens, with multiple accessions to select the best accession in Homand Absard Rangeland Research Station. After seedbed preparation, the accessions were cultivated with three replications on two rows (lines) of two-meter length with row spacing of 0.5 m for each accession and 0.75 m for different accessions. Forage production, canopy cover percentage, canopy cover diameter, height, seed yield, and the number of flowering stems were evaluated. Collected data were analyzed statistically in a completely randomized design. Analysis of variance and Duncan's Multiple Range Test were performed for mean comparisons. Results showed there was significant differences in terms of the measured traits and accessions. According to the results of forage production, canopy cover percentage and etc. species and accessions such as A. vegetus (Kordestan), A. brevidens (torogh and tandure) A. brachyodontus (zereshk) and A. effusus (dare shohada) are recommended for the improvement and development of rangelands and abandoned dry land farming with the same weather conditions of high rainfall of 300 mm, the average temperature of 11°C , poor in organic matter and medium to semi- heavy texture in Homand Absard station.

Increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is the main cause of climate change, having harmful effects for human beings. Reducing the amount of this gas by inhibiting industrial development and the use of artificial methods is not suitable due to the lack of economic justification. Therefore, taking advantage of carbon storage potential in plant tissue and soil has attracted much attention in recent decades. According to the different climatic zones in the country, studying the carbon sequestration in each of these areas should be taken into consideration. Therefore, the potential of soil carbon sequestration in the mountain rangelands of Kermanshah Province was studied in three height classes and four aspects. Then, soil samples were taken from two depths of 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm in the habitats of Astragalus gossypinus and Astragalu sparrowianus. Soil organic carbon, bulk density, electrical conductivity, pH, moisture content and soil texture were measured in both soil depths. Stepwise regression results showed that soil parameters including texture, bulk density and pH, were the most important factors, affecting soil organic carbon. Based on the results of data analysis in a completely randomized factorial design, significant differences were observed for soil carbon sequestration among height classes and aspects at 1% level of significance. According to the results of mean comparisons based on SNK test, the highest amount of carbon sequestration was observed in the third height class and north aspect. Our results clearly showed that Astragalus parrowianus had a higher potential in soil carbon sequestration as compared to Astragalus gossypinus.

Fire products (smoke، ash and heat) have widely been recognized as a germination cue for some species from both fire prone and fire-free ecosystems. It is an important factor for the understanding of vegetation dynamics and could have potential use for ecological management and rehabilitation of disturbed area. This study attempts to understand the effect of the main fire products (smoke، ash and heat) on germination of the three dominant species in the semi-arid rangelands of Feridan in Isfahan province including: Astragalus adscendens، Astragalus susianus and Astragalus verus. Six treatments including: 3 of heat (60°C، 80°C and 120°C)، 1 of smoke، 1 of Ash، and 1 of control were tested in the current study. Results showed that the seeds were incubated in a germination chamber with a photoperiod of 12 h of light at 22. 5°C and 12 h of darkness at 17. 5°C. The three studied species had different responses against the used fire factors. Smoke and ash treatments did not modify the germination percentage of A. adscendens، but its germination was increased and significantly decreased in low heat (60°C) and severe heat (80 and 120°C) respectively. Germination percentage of A. verus was increased after the smoke treatment compared to the control treatment، but it did not increase the germination of A. susianus. Outcomes of further research would have important impacts also for conservation، environment management and ecosystem restoration in semi-arid rangelands.