جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « consumer preferences » در نشریات گروه « کشاورزی »

Farmers are under increasing pressure to use fewer pesticides for production and pest control. Farmers and other producers are responding to consumer concerns about pesticides by creating new marketing opportunities for products grown with environmentally friendly practices. The purpose of this study is to estimate consumers' willingness to pay for each of the information provided in the "Protective Agriculture Label" and determine the factors affecting consumers' willingness to pay. The two conservation agriculture labels designed in this study are the "How to Cultivate" label and the "Environmental Damage" label. The cultivation method label provides information about the raw materials used to produce the product, while the environmental damage label provides information about the environmental harm caused during the production process. The purpose of this study is to estimate consumers' willingness to pay for each type of information provided on the conservation agriculture labels and to determine the factors affecting consumers' willingness to pay.

 In this study, in order to analyze consumers' preferences for protective agricultural products in Mashhad, the choice experiment method was used, and conditional logit models and logit with random parameters were used to estimate its parameters. Choice experiment is a common tool for valuing environmental functions and services. The required information was obtained by completing 170 questionnaires from the consumers of Mashhad city. The analysis of collected data is done using many models, most of which have a logit form. In this study, conditional logit and logit models with random parameters have been used to investigate the effect of the characteristics of agricultural product labels on consumers' willingness to pay and to estimate the amount of willingness to pay for each of the characteristics. 

In this article, consumer preferences for protective agricultural products have been analyzed using the choice test method. For data analysis, conditional logit and logit with random parameters model were used. The results obtained from this study have shown that the characteristic accuracy of the measurement method was the highest and the label-issuing organization had the lowest willingness to pay. The variables of gender, the presence of a child in the family, and the presence of people with a specific disease in the family had a positive and significant effect, and the variable of age had a negative and significant effect on the willingness of consumers to pay. In both labels, the sign of the price variable is negative, which is in accordance with the theory of economic utility. The comparison of the calculated final effect for two labels of environment and method of cultivation has shown that, in general, the probability of choosing the label of method of cultivation is higher than the probability of choosing the label of environmental-biological damages.  In 53% of the cases, the selected option was the label of how to cultivate, and in 15% of the cases, none of the labels were selected. The amount of willingness of consumers to pay to obtain information about the way of cultivation and damage to the environment is very low. Even consumers willing to pay to obtain detailed information on production (such as the degree of water pollution with which the product was irrigated, the level of soil pollution in which the product was grown, and the type of poisons used) and environmental damage (such as contamination of groundwater with The reason for product production is not air pollution due to product production and global warming (increasing temperature due to product production). In this regard, more research is suggested in the field of reasons for the low willingness to pay of consumers.

Examining the willingness to pay of consumers has shown that people are willing to pay more for the accuracy of the measurement method than for the label-issuing organization. The amount of consumers' willingness to pay for the characteristics of the organization issuing the label and the accuracy of the measurement method were obtained as 5 and 17.04 Tomans, respectively, so it can be concluded that Accuracy is more important than an organization for consumers.

The first and most basic premise of presenting and developing economic theories in the field of consumer behavior is the rational behavior of the consumer and the accuracy of the studies and surveys conducted in the field of demand and consumption depends on the validity of the assumption of rational consumer behavior. In this study, we have tried to test the presence of structural breaks in the Iranian consumer preferences for meat portfolio. For this purpose, the non-parametric approach of testing the weak, strong and generalized axioms of revealed preferences, Afriat efficiency index, Kruskal-Wallis statistical test and De Peretti graphical method have been used to study the rational behavior and stability of consumers' preferences of meat portfolio in Iran. According to the obtained results, the behavior of the consumers of the meat portfolio in the period 1993-2017 was rational and can be interpreted by a concave, continuous, uniform and unsaturated utility function. Therefore, this data can be used to estimate the demand function in the mentioned time period or smaller sub-periods which the precondition of that is the existence of a neoclassical utility function.

Rice is a very important food product in providing national food security for the Iranian families. There are different types of rice in Iran that are selected and consumed by consumers. Consumers are looking for more desirable features for consumption. The average annual consumption of Iranian rice in Iran is about 1.33 million tons, while it is 1.30 million tons for foreign rice. One of the most important key factors in the success of producers is to pay attention to the preferences and tastes of consumers. Any change in the product and service should be made taking into account the definition of quality from the perspective of the consumer and in accordance with their preferences and tastes. Existence of foreign rice, especially Indian and Pakistani rice in the domestic market due to the close quality with similar samples of Iranian production, low price, abundant advertising and proper packaging, have changed the preferences of Iranian consumers for rice, so, high consumption of imported rice have raised concerns about creating a kind of loyalty to foreign products. The quality and variety of Iranian products can be improved by knowing the tastes and desires of consumers led to increase per capita consumption of Iranian products relative to its similar foreign types and raise farmers’ incomes. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify and prioritize the factors affecting consumer preferences in the selection of Iranian and foreign rice in Mashhad city.

Data of 384 rice consumers in Mashhad city were collected using a questionnaire design and surveys sampling. In the qualitative section, after identifying related factors, the views of experts were examined through semi-structured interviews and the seven main factors include product appearance, quality, health, price, packaging, distribution and promotion were identified in the form of 20 variables (sub-factor). In the inferential analysis section, seven main factors were ranked using structural equations and Friedman test.

The results showed that quality, health, product appearance, packaging, distribution, price and promotion had the greatest impact on the consumers choice for Iranian and foreign rice, respectively. All rice consumers chose rice to consume, which first of all has a pleasant aroma both before and after cooking, and also does not have small pieces of rice at the time of purchase and has a suitable taste after cooking. Also, rice health is the second component that consumers pay attention to, they choose rice that is sure it is organic as well as being free of toxins and fertilizers. The grain appearance of the product include grain length, post-cooking appearance and its color at the time of purchase is located in third rank. The next rank is related to product packaging including packaging type (bulk or package), package appearance and listed information on the package. Distribution of rice products is located in fifth rank, which is divided into store location and access to the store. The final rankings were related to price and advertising such as the type of media, public relations and encouragement to buy the product. Post-cooking taste, purity, post-cooking aroma, aroma and smell at the time of purchase, post-cooking texture of rice, and choice of rice type by the citizens of Mashhad city have a negative and significant relationship, respectively. In other words, those who consume Iranian rice pay more attention to these variables in their selection than those who consume foreign rice. In choosing rice, the type of packaging and its size are not the first priorities of buyers, but it plays a significant role in the marketing. Based on our results, if Iranian and foreign rice are at the same price, consumers tend to consume Iranian rice because of the pleasant aroma and taste. TV commercials cannot affect consumer choice, because rice is a product that must be seen by the consumer when buying and the decision to buy is made after checking the rice appearance.

Focusing on producing a healthy product, producing cultivars with better post-cooking appearance, eliminating government currency and removing foreign rice price bias, as well as focusing on quality instead of high cost on advertising can improve the level of rice production can enhancing consumer satisfaction as well as improving the situation of rice production and rural income and employment.

Consumer rational behavior is the first and most basic presupposition of the development of economic theories in the field of consumer behavior. Demand studies are correct and investable when the demand and utility model is based on a good approximation of the utility function and the actual demand, and this hypothesis is untestable, so the validity of the rational behavior hypothesis should be fixed and the only test to perform that application of the principles of preferences has been revealed. The existence of a generalized principle of revealed preferences for a series of consumption data is a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a concave, continuous, uniform, and irreducible utility function that interprets these observations rationally. The purpose of this study is to investigate the hypothesis of rational behavior and the test of changing the preferences of cereal basket consumers in urban households using the principles of revealed preferences, a non-systematic effects test method for the period 1976-2014.

Given the ever-increasing demand for wheat as an Input production in developing countries and the necessity of this product in the household basket, the accurate modeling of the Wheat demand function and determining effective factors for planning, as well as predictions for timely provision with low economic and social costs is important. In this study using underlying trend concept and creating a state - space model and kalman filter algorithms the wheat demand was estimated with emphasis on consumer preferences as a production input (derived demand) during 1982-2017. The results are non-smooth and Nonlinear trend (consumer preferences). Income and pricing elasticity of wheat derived demand less than one were estimated to be -0.0270 and 0.2148, respectively. So from one side Wheat was identified as An essential product with a high degree of urgent need and on the other hand price and income policies are not efficient enough to reduce consumption; So according to consumer preferences and the necessity of this product in the household basket, saving policy and consume right along with reducing waste it is suggested. Increasing efficiency in the conversion industry is one of the other ways to properly consume and reduce the ever-increasing demand for this product. The results of the prediction (in 2023, the projected amount is 24.48 million tons) with respect to consumer preferences in the model showed an increasing trend in wheat demand. Therefore, policymakers on the one hand can reduce demand by making decisions and the other hand provide the wheat needed for the conversion industry.

Consumer preferences regarding tea packaging are very important in the tea packaging industry and businesses. In this study, by combining symmetric analysis method with artificial neural network algorithm, buyerschr('39') preferences for tea packaging and factors affecting it have been used to identify. Tea packaging influences consumer preferences and marketing by conveying visual and textual information. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of simultaneous tea packaging characteristics with price component on consumer preferences by symmetric analysis and artificial neural network based on symmetric analysis in Sari. The required data were collected in 1397 by completing 296 questionnaires. In this research, SPSS and Excel software have been used. Based on the results of the conjoint analysis of the four characteristics of the shape, Information, price and brand. the information on the package had the greatest impact on the consumer. Also, limited information is more preferable than complete information. Relatively newer brands are more preferable to long-term brands. Using the weight obtained from the results of conjoint analysis in the artificial neural network along with the entry of income, age and amount of tea consumption variables, the results showed that the effect of information on the total model of neural network is 25%, price is 50%, shape is 22% and brand is 19% in consumer selection. In the artificial neural network model, with the arrival of the variables income, age, and consumption of tea, choose according to the income and consumption of state of mind (desires) to the mode select consumer (close to the demand), the adjustment is that, in terms of properties of individual artificial neural network model leads to a realistic show the preferences of the  consumer in the model, artificial neural network has been؛ For example, the effect of tea price variable increased from 24% in conjoint analysis to 50% in synthetic neural network model based on conjoint analysis. According to the results of the research, entrepreneurs and business owners related to tea packaging should do the packaging in the form of a combination of minimal information (brand name, consumer price and production date and expiration) in the form of cylindrical cans and high price level.

Saffron is one of the most valuable and important agricultural products in Iran, and, it is necessary to consider the preferences of consumers to develop its market. Consumers have different needs and wants, and by benefit segmenting the saffron market, companies can understand customers' preferences in each segment of the market correctly. Therefore, in this study, using the crisp and fuzzy clustering algorithms, the saffron market was divided into homogenous segments, and then, using the results of the conjoint analysis; consumer preferences, attitudes, and demographic characteristics were examined in each saffron market segment. The necessary data were collected from 400 respondents using a stratified sampling method from 13 districts of Mashhad, Iran. The results of this study showed that the saffron market could be divided into six homogeneous segments, and the fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm performs better at finding clusters than k-means, k-medoids, fuzzy Gustafson-Kessel and fuzzy Gath-Geva methods. According to the study findings, in most market segments, the weight of saffron and the packaging type are the most important attributes influencing purchase decisions. Based on the study results, it is suggested that saffron companies consider consumer preferences in different market segments when supplying saffron products and formulating marketing strategies.

Due to the importance and significant contribution of the population of the country’s youth and the necessity of their use of their products in order to health and replace them with urgent food, effective factors on purchase of their seafood processing were made.The research conducted with independent random method on 314 young people aged 15-29 in Gorgan through questionnaire design and distribution. In order to frequency the demographic characteristics and one-way Anova to examine the significance of differences, then the Duncan test was used to compare the number of questions adjusted based on a Likert scale. Four factors including odor, taste, weight and color were studied in the selection of fish processing including eviscerated fish, fish fillets, fried fish fillets, fish nuggets, frozen shrimp and fried shrimp. The results showed that young people chose fried fish fillets and fried shrimp more than other products, and among the tested look the first priority. Therefore, marketing policies can be tailored to the interests of young people in order to improve health and increase fish consumption based on the results of the present research.

Due to the importance of production and consumption of milk and dairy products, this study with purpose of investigation the consumers’ preferences and its affecting factors have been done as the nested logit model in the Sari city in 2018. Sample size was selected based on simple random sampling method and 275 questionnaires have been collected. The results show that yogurt, milk and cheese have the most preferences among the dairy products and consumers have more tendencies to low fat dairy products than full fat. The study results of affecting factors on selecting of each the diverse dairy products and individual preferences revealed that price and family cost decrease the probability of dairy products choosing and age, education and attention to sport variables increase its probability. Marketing mix variables (p4) were also considered as factors influencing the selection of dairy products. Marketing managers, especially in dairy market by using of these results can improve their products based on consumers tend and preferences.

Rice is a strategic crop with a strong presence in Iranian household food basket. This study aimed at investigating the consumers' preferences for rice using the choice experiment method and conditional logit model in Rasht city of Iran. The required data were collected through the 149 questionnaires completed from households in 2016. Six attributes of rice and their related levels were considered to describe the changes in rice, including size of rice grain, types of rice packaging, taste of rice, rice producing country, food safety and price attribute. The study results indicated that consumers had the most willingness to pay for local rice, so that each household in Rasht city was willing to pay 61000 IR rials per kg for the local rice. Accordingly, improving the level of education and enhancing the public awareness and knowledge of the rice attributes through the media (particularly, information on organic products and their benefits, the consequences of the use of fertilizers and chemical pesticides as well as the consumption consequences of imported rice) may contribute to support the organic and local rice while to meeting the demand and consumer preferences as well.

In analysing consumer rational behaviour, the proof of a neoclassical utility function for consumption data is inevitable. Researches of demand functions will be correct when the demand function and the basis of utility are a good approximation of the utility function and the actual demand. In this study, the revealed preferences method was used to test the stability and structural failure in Fars province's consumer preferences for the oil from 1990 to 2016. Based on the results, only three violations were found in the total data in the years 2002 & 1993, 2003 & 1997, 2004 & 1997. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed that these inconsistencies weren't due to change in preferences and may be unstable due to errors in measurements or nonlinear momenta, and the assumption of rational behaviour was confirmed. Thus, the consumption data of the oil basket Fars province's households can be interpreted using a neoclassical utility function.

Saffron, a valuable agricultural product in the national and international level is valued by consumers in different ways and the price paid for it depends on different factors. Identifying these factors can be helpful to marketing saffron with the price that is consistent with consumer preferences. The major aim of this study is to evaluate the factors that affect the price of saffron in Mashhad using the Hedonic pricing model. What distinguishes this study from previous studies is using the sensitivity analysis approach in the context of artificial neural networks. The information needed for this research was collected from 120 saffron buyers in the city of Mashhad with the random sampling approach. Considering the 14 explanatory variables, the results showed that age and brand have the least impact on the price of saffron, while the consumption goals variable has a significant effect on the price of this product. Among the goals, nutritional uses has a positive effect, and medical and industrial uses have a negative effect on the price of saffron. According to the research findings, manufacturers and suppliers of saffron are recommended to price the product according to the buyers’ consumption goals, sale style and the saffron type, respectively.

Continuing growth in human population and consumptionmeans that the global demand for food will increase for at least another 40 years and that the world needs 70-100% more food by 2050. Environmental issues such as climate change، depletion of naturalresources and biodiversity loss increasingly threaten the welfare ofhuman civilization. Confronting these threats requires، among otherthings، behavioral changes in citizens، governments and companies. Farmers and other producers are responding to consumer concerns about pesticides by creating new marketing opportunities for products grown with environmentally sound practices. Environmental economists are increasingly interested in better understanding of how people cognitively organize their beliefs and attitudes towards environmental change in order to identify key motives and barriers that stimulate or prevent action. The purpose of the presentinvestigation is to evaluate the consumers’ preferences and factors affecting their choice for conventional، healthy and organic cucumbers in Isfahan، Iran.

Data were collected on a sample of 230consumers in 2013 by using the proportionate stratification samplingmethod through face-to-face interviews based on a comprehensive structured questionnaire. Before the survey، the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were initially evaluated in a pre-test study، respectively، by using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) criteria. Individual preferences were uncovered in choice experiment method (CEM) by a contingent ranking experiment. In a contingent ranking experiment، respondents are required to rank a set of alternative options، characterized by a number of attributes، which are offered at different levels across the options. Data were analyzed by multinomial logit models. The approach consists of modeling utility، that isto say the net benefit a consumer obtains from selecting a specificproduct in a choice situation. Determining and arranging selected sets based on a review of studies and theoretical basis design scenarios of the experiment method، includes environmental characteristics، taste، appearance، price، duration of storage، the disease and the long-term complications.

Most of the respondents were female، with average age of 41. 6 years، academic education level (39. 5%) and the average monthly income of 9،760 thousand Rials. The results show that 77. 1%، 12. 4% and 10. 1% of consumers، respectively selected the healthy، organic and conventional crops as a first choice. Moreover، the consumer''s awareness towards healthy food products is low. According to the logistic regression results، the most important factors affecting the consumers'' healthier choices are income، consumer knowledge about the characteristics of healthy and organic crops، the level of consumer’s attitudes toward the importance of environmental protection and human health and having an elderly or sick member in the household. On the other hand، healthy shopping concern، age، gender، employment status and education have no significant impact on the consumer’s selection. In other words، the likelihood of choosing healthy and organic products is more in people who care about their health and nutritional status، as well as with more health consciousness، environmental concerns and knowledge regarding the risks of pesticides and characteristics of free of pesticide fruit and vegetables.

There is no difference between academic and non-academic respondent’s preferences for healthy crops، because of no general academic courses on the importance of environmental protection، healthy shopping، production and consumption of healthy and organic products in Iran''seducationalsystem. Moreover، attitude and awareness play fundamental rolesin consumers'' preferences. Willingness to pay for healthy food products in women is observed to be more than men. This could be due to the fact that housewives have more leisure time than men to make themselves aware. Also in most families buying and cooking raw materials is one of women''s responsibilities which enables them to be more cautious in selecting foods. Knowing the characteristics of healthy and organic cropsis one of the most important factors in choosing and purchasing these products. Since the elderly and ill people need more feeding care and have less resistance to harmful additives and preservatives in food products، their families are more willing to buy free of chemicals fruits and vegetables. Promoting the consumers awareness toward the benefits of healthy products could change their attitude about the importance of maintaining health and subsequently improve public health and the environment. Furthermore، it is necessary to adopt thestandardsin the process of healthy crop production and to monitor andto strengthenthe marketing system of healthy products such as guaranteeing labeling and appropriatepackaging.

Considering the clarification of negative effects of chemical medicine on human beings، tendency to use herbal medicine has been increasing. Herbal medicines provide an important alternative to health the conventional medicines. The combination therapy، using both herbal medicine and conventional medicine، caused the herbal medicine to become more important than ever before. The present study examines the individual preferences for different herbal medicines. The data was obtained from questionnaires filled in by respondents selected through random sampling from citizens of Tabriz city in the year 2011. A Logit model was estimated. The results showed that a direct relationship between individuals'' awareness about therapeutic effects of herbal medicines and their consumption exists. Furthermore، women''s tendency to consume herbal medicines was more than men. In addition، the people around the ages of 45 to 50 years showed fewer tendencies to consume herbal medicines whereas the consumption increases after the age 50. In conclusion، raising people awareness about therapeutic effects of herbal medicines not only improve the general health of consumers but raise consumers’ economic power due to less cost of herbal medicine to the chemical medicine.

In this study، change in the Iranian households’ preferences for red vs. poultry meat is investigated over the period of 1974-2006. To this end، a linear programming model is developed as based on Sakong and Hayes (1992) proposed methodology، while changes in preferences being estimated by in terms of variances in the estimated quantities of per capita consumption of these two commodities during the study period. Results indicate that per capita consumption of these commodities has varied for some of the years in the study period that cannot be explained by change in relative prices. However، given that the variances are not steady، one cannot conclude a permanent change in the Iranian households’ preference for either of these two food products. Based on the obtained to be all results، change in preferences has been positive for poultry meat while (for red meat) being positive (for some years) and negative for (some other years) throughout the whole study period. The accumulated sums of the quantity changes are 3. 3 and 5. 3 kilograms، respectively، for red vs. poultry meat.