جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « new technologies » در نشریات گروه « کشاورزی »

In the current research, with the aim of identifying the most effective techniques to reduce actual water use (Eta) to help restore the lakes of Urmia, Tashk-Bakhtegan, Fars, and Shadgan Wetland in Khuzestan, monitoring was carried out in the crop year 2021-2022 by applying planting techniques at the level of farmers' fields and orchards. In this research, 55, 17, and 18 farms and orchards were considered from Urmia Lake, Tashk-Bakhtegan and Maron-Jarhari basins, respectively. The results showed that the application of all techniques reduced irrigation water by an average of 24.6%, increased yield by an average of 18.3% and water productivity by an average of 60.4% for all the three catchments. However, not all these techniques were effective in reducing the amount of ETa. Farm monitoring showed that the techniques based on "accurate scheduling based on soil and plant indexes along with the modification and optimal management of the existing irrigation system" were able to reduce ETa by an average of 15.5% and improving the efficiency of water productivity (WPET) by an average of 40% in all the three basins. Therefore, the most effective techniques in Urmia Lake basin were use of two-way furrows of rows of trees in surface irrigation and planning drip irrigation based on soil and plant indexes in row crops and trees, which reduced ETa by 18%. Also, there was 21%, reduction in ETa by making irrigation plots under tree shades for pomegranate and pistachio in the Tashk-Bakhtgan Basin, and 13% reduction by making basins around the shading surface of palm trees along with palm leaf mulch, and 14 % reduction by the water flow cutback management method in the strip surface irrigation in the Maron-Jarahi Basin. These were considered as the most important techniques. Finally, it can be stated that paying attention to monitoring techniques at the level of a basin with local participation and promoting them can be effective in protecting the region's ecosystem while establishing sustainable agriculture.

The purpose of this research was to Analysis of Affective Factors on the Knowledge of new Technologies among Grapes Growers in Aywangharb, Ilam province. The study is a descriptive-correlational, survey research. The study population were Grapes Growers in Aywangharb, ilam province, were 95 people, which were selected through "proportionate stratified random sampling" technique (the sample size was determined using Cochran’s formula of 60 people). Data Collecting was done by questionnaire. Content validity of the questionnaire was verified by a panel of experts and professors of agricultural extension and education. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the validity of the questionnaires and its value was higher than 0.8. Findings in the study indicate that a majority of the Grapes Growers were on medium level of knowledge of grape’s new technologies. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between Grapes Growers knowledge of new technologies grapes and information sources and communication channels rate of use, amount Land, profits, number of households, average production, type of gardening system and History of gardening activity. Also the regression analysis showed that rate of access to extension services and Profit from hectare explained 38/6% variance of knowledge of new technologies grapes.

Nowadays, the demand of consumers to use food products whose components and compositions are known has increased. Therefore, food industry producers have turned to producing products with special features under the name "Clean Label". So far, no exact definition of the term clean label has been provided, however, manufacturers often use this term for products without artificial additives with minimal processing. Due to the extensive use of functional additives such as phosphates and nitrites in meat products, the expansion of clean label products in this industry faces important challenges. More than 65% of processed meat products use phosphate salts such as sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, sodium acid pyrophosphate, etc. From a technological point of view, phosphates are used in order to increase the water holding capacity, improve the sensory characteristics and reduce cooking loss. Despite the important technological effects of phosphates in the meat industry, its consumption in people with chronic kidney disease causes hyperphosphatemia. It is challenging to remove phosphates while maintaining product quality due to their unique characteristics. Some of these substances may have negative effects in meat products if they are replaced with phosphates, however, they are used in combination or with new techniques. In this regard, improving the process by relying on combined methods means the use of new technologies such as high pressure process, ultrasound, pulsed electric fields, etc. along with natural compounds such as fibers, starches, marine plants, proteins, hydrocolloids, salts. Bicarbonates and vegetable powders with capacities similar to phosphates can be considered an opportunity to produce meat products with a clean label. Although combined methods can have advantages and disadvantages as a substitute for phosphates.

Phosphate salts improve technological features such as emulsification, color stability, inhibiting fat oxidation, antibacterial activity, buffering, water retention capacity, reducing cooking loss, improving texture, increasing storage time, protein dispersion properties and properties. Make the product feel (crisp and watery). Considering the tremendous effects of phosphates in the processing of meat products, it will be very challenging to remove them in the formulation. Also, replacing them with other materials will bring limitations. Therefore, the adoption of combined methods with optimal performance is considered inevitable. Thus, among the technologies used in the replacement of phosphates, the use of the high pressure process is the most suitable and the best according to its capabilities, along with a combination with the ability to replace phosphates such as citrus fiber (in the form of combined methods). The method is to replace phosphates.

This review article deals with recent developments in the use of natural additives and new techniques for replacing phosphates in meat products. According to the reports presented, some alternatives rely on the techniques used or the origin of the additive. Although studies have proven that there are many advantages with these alternative techniques, sometimes they have negative effects on the quality of meat products. Phosphate reduction should be done considering the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of processed meat products. Combining new technologies such as high pressure and ultrasonic processes with potential substitutes for phosphates can be a suitable solution, because the use of alternative technologies or materials alone may have negative effects, but the use It enables the production of meat products with a clean label from the combined methods.

One of the most important and effective issues in the future of agricultural technologies is how to deal with climate and environmental changes. Todays, the problem of reducing available water is a threat not only to Iran but also to the whole world. But in the meantime, the countries of the Middle East, including Iran, have a more meaningful share of this threat of drought. According to the published statistics, the share of water consumption per capita in the agricultural sector is much higher than in the urban and industrial sectors. Water consumption share in this sector is announced up to 91%. Meanwhile, the global average amount of water consumption in the agricultural sector is less than 70%. Therefore, it is necessary to provide solutions for reforming agricultural systems that use little water or are suitable for water shortage conditions. Mechanization, as a developmental stage of any cultivation, can lead to corrective agricultural systems suitable for water crisis conditions. In this research, at first, developed agricultural systems were described which aim to reduce water consumption. The position of mechanization in agricultural systems, including sustainable and conservation agriculture, was investigated. In the following, mechanization studies and indicators including water and energy productivity and water supply cost were discussed in the case of water shortage-mechanization crisis. In a sustainable agricultural system, the use of modern, intelligent, and suitable equipment for Iran's conditions, along with the development of modern irrigation methods, can greatly contribute to the water shortage crisis.

Water resources in the Zayandehrood River basin have decreased sharply in recent decades due to drought and the effects of climate change and have challenged the livelihood of farmers in the basin. Therefore, providing a purposeful cropping pattern to increase the welfare of farmers according to the hydrological parameters of the basin can play an effective role in improving the hydrological and economic situation of the basin.

In this study, the hydrological simulation model (WEAP model) is combined with the economic optimization model with the aim of maximizing the farmers' gross margins. Also, MABIA module was used to estimate the net water requarment and yield of the crops under study.

The results showed that by applying the optimal economic cultivation model compared to the current situation, the gross margin for Najafabad, Mahyar Shomali, Lenjanat, Kuhpayeh-Segzi, Isfahan-Borkhar and Ben-Saman regions are 14, 5, 15, 18, , 15 and 20 million rials per hectare will increase, respectively. Also, using the new irrigation technologies in the optimal model compared to the current model, the hydrological parameters of the basin, including the amount of unmet water demand will be reduced about 14% and the reliability of water demand will be improved about 2%.

The results of this study show that by using an optimal cultivation model, the conflict between the two economic and hydrological objectives can be resolved and it is possible to improve the economic and hydrological conditions of the basin.