جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « tillage method » در نشریات گروه « کشاورزی »

This research was performed to improve water productivity by changing a number of farmers' field practices such as tillage, dimensions of the irrigation borders, using newly released plants varieties, and improving fertilizer management in eight farms located in the Oskoo, Ajabshir, and Bonab cities, all parts of the eastern Uromieh Lake Basin, during 2015-2016 growing season. The adopted farm practices were applied in the treatment farms, while in the control farms, all the farming operations were implemented according to the local traditional practices. In all farms, the flow rates diverted to each farm, the soil moisture content in the root zone during the growing season, and indices related to the growth and yield of crops were measured. The indices of water productivity (WP), water use efficiency (WUE) and water economic productivity (WPe) were calculated. Water consumption was lower up to 9% while crops yields of the treatment farms were higher up to 34%, as compared with the control farms. According to the results, on average, implementation of applied technologies in the treatment farms increased WP, WUE, and WPe by 38%, 31%, and 56 %, respectively, as compared to the control farms.

The availability of water is the most important factor controlling the soil productivity in arid and semi-arid regions. In this area, crop yield is strongly affected by precipitation and water retention in the soils. The application of soil management practices can be suitably control surface runoff and enhance water retention in soil. Tillage as the major tool of soil management practices can affect the runoff production and soil erosion and so can influence the availability of water and crop yield in the rainfed lands. Yet, in most semi-arid areas, rainfed lands are ploughed up and down slope, a practice that decline water retention by declining the opportunity of water infiltration in to soil. Although various studies have been done to determine the effect of tillage methods on water conservation and crop yield worldwide, little information is available on the role of plough direction on the water retention and crop yield in wheat rainfed lands in semi-aria areas, particularly in Iran. Therefore this study was conducted to determine the effects of two plough directions (up and down slope and contour line) on soil water content during the growth period and grain yield of wheat in a semi-arid rainfed land in Iran.
The study was carried out in a rainfed lands with slope steepness of 10 % and clay loam soil in west of Zanjan, north western Iran in 2015. Winter wheat was cultivated in two directions consisted of 1) up and down slope (as conventional tillage) and 2) contour line (as conservation tillage) early October 2014. A total of twenty four plots, with 1.75 m  8 m dimensions were designed on the land after cultivation. Soil water content was determined in three core samples taken from the rhizosphere in each plot in 5-day interval during the growth period from October 2014 to Jun 2015. Grain yield and yield components of wheat were determined by collecting all crops of plot surface at the harvesting time (Jun). Analysis of variance and the Duncan’s test were conducted for data of soil water content and grain yield of wheat. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 21 software.
Mean soil water content during the growth period in the contour plots (9.1%) was 62% more than the up and down slope plots (5.6%). This difference was statistically significant (p This study showed that the plough direction is the major factor controlling soil water content in rainfed wheat farms. In the plots ploughed on the contour line, the opportunity of rainwater to infiltrate into the soil is very high. This factor is the most important factor controlling wheat yield under rainfed condition. Increased wheat grain yield under the contour lines cultivation could be attributed to increase in yield components which in turn were influenced by increase soil water content. With regarding these results, application of contour line ploughing method in the rainfed lands of sloped area could be substantial strategy to decline water loss and enhance crop yield in semi-arid regions.

This study aimed to compare the effects of practices of protective agriculture and conventional methods of farming on soil compaction and the amount of plant residues. The experiments included 9 treatments based on split plot design in a randomized complete block with three replications in Mashhad Agricultural Research Station of Torogh, Iran. The treatments were consisted of three different tillage practices at three levels (1- conventional tillage, 2- reduced tillage, 3- No-tillage) and crop residue management at three levels (1- without residue, 2- retains 30% residue, 3- preserved remains 60%). Some physical parameters of soil such as cone index, bulk density, mean weight diameter and aggregate soil moisture content were measured in this study. The results showed that the effect of various tillage methods on all of the studied indices was significant. The effect of management methods on plant residues were also significant on cone index and moisture content of the soil. The effect of interaction of two factors on cone index for some depths of the soil and soil moisture content was significant.

The current study was conducted to compare different tillage methods on wheat yield in pebbly dry land areas done within three years (2006-2008) in north Khouzestan (Baghmalek city) in randomized block design with five treatments and four replications. The experimental treatments were:(1)chisel plow +seed-drill, (2)Semi plow(mold board plow with remove mold board)+seed-drill, (3)no-till-drill, (4)sweep plow +seed-drill and (5)conventional method(mold board plow+ broadcasting seed and fertilizer+ sweep plow). These treatments included minimum tillage (treatments 1, 2 and 4), no tillage (treatment 3) and conventional tillage (treatment 5). Complex variance analyses of three years data showed that there was no significant difference between tillage methods and interaction of tillage methods with year in soil moisture content in different plant growth stages (stem, flowering, and filling seeds stages) but years were different in this factor. Variance analyses of data showed that there was no significant difference between different tillage methods in percent of organic materials in different soil depths in the end of the project. However, no difference in tillage methods in the amount of organic material has been analyzed based on the pebbly conditions. The complex variance analyses of data also showed that tillage methods had significant effect on grain yield and other agronomical factors, except plant height and harvest index. According to the results any devices cause to back more gravel and cobblestone into sub soil layer provide more grain yield. Therefore, mold board plow resulted in maximum yield in three experimental years which were different in amount and distribution of rainfall, and also in third year the amount of rainfall was considerably low. The grain yield averages of three years were 1333, 1558, 1190, 1080 and 1787 Kg.ha-1 for chisel plow, semi plow, no-till-drill, sweep plow and mold board plow respectively.

The current study was conducted to compare the effect of different tillage methods on wheat yield of canola-wheat rotation in dryland areas during three years (2005-2008) north of Khouzestan (Baghmalek city). Randomized block design with five treatments was applied by using four replications. Canola tillage was done with conventional method and the experimental wheat treatments were: (1) moldboard plow + grain-drill, (2) chisel plow + grain-drill, (3) moldboard plow with removed moldboard + grain-drill, (4) sweep plow + grain-drill and (5) no-till-drill. The investigated indices were percent age of organic materials, soil moisture content (W.B), wheat yield and other agronomical factors. Complex variance analyses of the three years data showed no significant difference between tillage methods and interaction of tillage methods with year in case of soil moisture content in different plant growth stages. However, the effect of years was different for this factor. Analyses of variance for different tillage methods showed that there was no significant difference between percent age of organic materials in soil depths. The complex variance analyses of data also showed that tillage methods had a significant effect on harvesting index and biological yield but the difference in grain yield and other agronomical factors was not significant. In general, the tillage methods did not affect wheat yield. Hence, the conservation methods are recommended for this condition. Regarding the harvest index, the sweep plow with 43 percent had the highest and no-till-drill with 36 percent had the lowest amount. Moreover, in biological yield, the moldboard plow with 5263 and sweep plow with 3718 kg/ha had the most and the least values respectively.