جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « بهره وری فیزیکی آب » در نشریات گروه « آب و خاک »

One of the most important goals of irrigation planning and management methods, considering the water crisis in recent years, is to increase water productivity for various plants, including rice. To investigate the effects of deficit irrigation methods on water productivity of rice (Binam Variety), an experiment was carried out with eight treatments and three replications in Babolsar city of Mazandaran province in 2020. The treatments were regulated deficit irrigation and partial root zone drying in soil drought stresses of 10, 30 and 60 kPa (RDI10, RDI30, RDI60, PRD10, PRD30 and PRD60) and full irrigation with drip tape and flood irrigation systems (control). Soil water deficit was measured by a tensiometer. In this experiment, traits including yield, water consumption, and plant shoot dry weight, root weight density, root length, physical water productivity, net profit efficiency per unit volume of water, irrigation and rainfall water efficiency and evapotranspiration efficiency were investigated. According to the results, the highest and lowest physical water productivity was corresponded for PRD60 and flood irrigation treatments, respectively (1.39 and 0.59 kg / m3). PRD treatments at similar stresses compared to RDI treatments had higher rough rice yield and higher physical and economic productivity despite of lower water consumption. PRD60 treatment increased the physical productivity of water by 135.6% and decreased the water consumption by 76.3%..

To investigate the interaction of magnetic water and deficit irrigation on yield and yield components of marigold, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in the research greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, in 2019, using pot culture with 3 replications. Treatments included 4 irrigation levels (100%, 85%, 70%, and 55% of field capacity) and 2 types of water (normal water and magnetic water). The results showed that different levels of irrigation on all traits (except physical water productivity which was significant at a 5% level) were significant (P <0.01). Effects of magnetic water on the dry weight of lateral branches and flowers, number of flowers and physical water productivity were significant (at P <0.01); and on the dry weight of flowering stems and leaves, number of leaves and lateral branches were also significant (at P <0.05). The interaction effect of the studied treatments was significant (P <0.01) on the number of leaves; and on the dry weight of roots, flowers, and flowering stems (P <0.05). The highest dry weights of leaves and flowering stems, number of flowers, number of leaves and lateral branches, height and physical water productivity were in irrigation with 100% field capacity and were, respectively, 1.77 and 0.37 g/plant, 7 and 6, 18.4 cm and 0.186 kg/m3. Also, reducing irrigation water by 15%, 30%, and 45% reduced the number of flowers by 25.7%, 32.8%, and 54.3%; and the physical water productivity by 18.8%, 21.5%, and 24.2%, respectively. The highest dry weight of flowers, roots, and lateral branches were observed in magnetic water + irrigation with 100% field capacity, as 0.29, 0.5, and 0.74 g/plant, respectively. The results showed that using a magnetic field increased flower yield and water productivity of Marigold plants under water stress. In this study, the best treatment was 0.6 teslas magnetized water+ 100%FC. However, to apply these stresses at the field level, more research is needed.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of wick irrigation system in greenhouse cultivation of tomato plant and compare it with drip irrigation. The experiment was performed as factorial with a completely randomized design (CRD) in the research greenhouse of Tarbiat Modares University in 2021. Irrigation treatments included five levels (drip irrigation and wick irrigation with diameters of 1, 3, 4, and 5 cm) and two soil combination ("cocopeat, soil, fertilizer, perlite" and "soil, sand, fertilizer"), in 3 replications. The lowest and highest water consumption during the growing season was observed in wick irrigation with a diameter of 1 cm (29.25 L/plant) and in drip irrigation and wicks with a diameter of 5 cm (36 and 37.5 L/plant), respectively. The results showed differences of 19% and 4% in water consumption between, respectively, wick irrigation with a diameter of 1 and 5 cm compared to drip irrigation. Also, the difference in water consumption between wick irrigation (minimum and maximum water consumption) of 1 and 5 cm diameters was 28%. The yield in "soil, sand, fertilizer" cultivation bed was increased by 59% compared to the "cocopeat, soil, fertilizer, perlite" cultivation bed and the maximum tomato yield (700gr/plant) was observed in the wick irrigation with a diameter of 3 cm. Water consumption index in "soil, sand, fertilizer" cultivation bed was decreased 21%, rather than "cocopeat, soil, fertilizer, perlite" cultivation bed and increased water productivity by 100%. In wick irrigation, since water is always available, the plant does not face water stress and these results indicate that the wick irrigation system improves plant growth and increases production of wet and dry matter and water productivity in tomato plant. Although economic analysis has not been done in this research, but more crop yield along with less water consumption in the wick irrigation system would have more income for the user and can be an acceptable reason for using this irrigation method.

This research was conducted to study the effect of deficit irrigation and saline water on yield and yield components of Peppermint in the experimental research greenhouse of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad from 2018 to 2019. This research was performed as a factorial experiment based on the randomized complete design with three replications. In this research, irrigation levels consist of 4 levels (100 (I1), 80 (I2), 70 (I3), and 55 (I4) percent of FC) and saline water factors consist of 4 levels (0.9 (EC1), 1.9 (EC2), 2.5 (EC3), and 3.4 dSm-1 (EC4)). The result showed that a decrease of the water to 15, 30, and 45 percent have resulted in the reduction of shoot fresh weights (to 15.8, 28.4, and 30.1 percent), shoot dry weights (to 7.1, 11.5, and 11.5 percent), and root dry weights (to 4.6, 9.2, and 9.2 percent), respectively. Also, results showed that irrigation with EC2, EC3, and EC4 has resulted in a decrease in shoot fresh weights (to 12.7, 28.5, and 34.0 percent), shoot dry weights (to 3.6, 11.6, and 11.6 percent), and root dry weights (to 6.7, 12.4, and 14.6 percent), respectively. The result indicated that interaction effects of salinity and water stress decreased peppermint water productivity, as the highest and lowest peppermint water productivity with 3.54 and 2.06 Kgm-3 were in the EC1I4 and EC3I1 treatments, respectively. Results revoluted that maximum dry yield and peppermint water productivity were in the EC1I4, so this treatment was recommended for irrigation of peppermint.

The water crisis is one of the most important factors that limit the production of agricultural products in arid and semi-arid regions, which requires the optimal consumption of water in agriculture to achieve food security in these regions. To investigate the economic efficiency of water and nitrogen fertilizer on Quinoa, an experiment was conducted as a split-plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2018 at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Treatments included three irrigation methods (furrow irrigation (FI), fixed alternate furrow irrigation (FAFI), and variable alternate furrow irrigation (VAFI)) and three-level of nitrogen fertilizing (50, 100, and 200 Kg/ha). The different furrow irrigation methods on the economic productivity of fertilizer, CPD, BPD, NBPD, and PFP were highly significant (p < 0.01). The different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on the economic productivity of fertilizer, BPD, NBPD, and PFP were significant at 1 percent levels (p < 0.01), and on CPD was significant at 5 percent levels (p < 0.05). The interaction effects on the economic productivity of fertilizer and PFP were highly significant (p < 0.01) and on NBPD and BPD were significant at 5 percent levels (p < 0.05). The results showed that under traditional furrow irrigation conditions, increasing the nitrogen fertilizer reduces the economic efficiency of water and fertilizer (compared to using 50 kg/ha N). The results showed that the highest economic and physical water productivity and BPD were obtained in the treatment of variable alternate furrow irrigation + 200 kg/ha of nitrogen.

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild) is a nutritious herb with favorable nutrition and potential for suitable production in adverse environmental conditions that can withstand drought. This study aimed was to evaluate the effects of alternate furrow irrigation at its different growth stages on Quinoa yield and water use efficiency in the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM) experimental farm research during 2018-19. This research was conducted to completely block randomized design with seven treatments and three replications. In this study, 7 treatments consisted of traditional furrow irrigation (TFI), fixed alternate furrow irrigation (FAFI), variable alternate furrow irrigation (VAFI), fixed alternate furrow irrigation at the vegetative stage and traditional furrow irrigation at other stages (FTT), fixed alternate furrow irrigation at the vegetative and flowering stages and traditional furrow irrigation at other stages (FFT), variable alternate furrow irrigation at the vegetative stage and traditional furrow irrigation at other stages (VTT), variable alternate furrow irrigation at the vegetative and flowering stages and traditional furrow irrigation at other stages (VVT) treatment with supplemental irrigation in time of planting. The results showed that the effect of treatments on panicle length, stem diameter, plant height, panicle weights, grain yield, yield per m2, and water productivity were highly significant (P>0.01) and panicle width was significant at the 5 % levels. Results showed that the highest yield (2.17 ton/ha), grain yield (18.1 g per plant), average plant height (113.3 cm), and physical water productivity (0.41 Kg/m3) were in TFI treatments. Used FAFI, FTT, FFT, VAFI, VTT, and VVT treatments compared to TFI, grain yield decreased by 35.4, 24.3, 32.0, 23.2, 13.8, and 17.7 percent, respectively. Used FAFI, FTT, and FFT treatments compared to TFI, physical water productivity decreased by 19.5, 14.6, and 2.4 percent, respectively. Used VAFI, VTT, and VVT treatments compared to TFI, physical water productivity increased by 2.4, 14.6, and 24.4 percent, respectively. Therefore, the best irrigation treatment for the Quinoa in the field conditions is VTT methods.

Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) is used for medicinal and food purposes. Its cultivation has economic importance, due to its ability to produce and store essential oil. This research was conducted to study the effect of deficit irrigation and magnetized water on yield and yield components of peppermint in the experimental research greenhouse of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, during 2018-19. We used a factorial experiment based on the completely randomized design with 3 replications. Irrigation levels consisted of 4 levels (100%, 85%, 70%, and 55% of plant water requirements) and magnetic field factors consisted of 3 levels (0, 0.3, and 0.6 teslas). The result showed that decrease of the water requirement by 15%, 30%, and 45% resulted in reduction of shoot fresh weights by 11.2%, 15.1%, and 36.5%, respectively. However, irrigation with magnetized water (0.3 teslas) under deficit irrigation levels (85%, 70%, and 55% of plant water requirements) resulted in the increase of shoot dry weights by 19.5%, 24.7%, and 66.4%, respectively. In general, the use of magnetic water under water stress enhanced plant growth and improved dry and wet shoot yield in peppermint compared to the control treatment under deficit irrigation conditions.

In the current situation, measuring and analyzing the productivity indices of especially water production in the agricultural sector is very important and of particular importance. The purpose of this study is to measure and compare the productivity of irrigation water use in two traditional irrigation methods in wheat crop in Hamedan province. In order to achieve the objectives of this research, at first, 54 entrepreneurs were selected by random sampling method and then the necessary data were collected through field measurement, interview and completion of the questionnaire. According to the research goal, three different types of water productivity indexes including CPD, BPD and NBPD were used. Based on these results, the average physical productivity of water in the wheat product of traditional and modern irrigation system is 0.68 and 1.29 kg / m3, respectively. Also, the average economic WP of water in traditional and modern irrigation system was 3263 and 7237 Rls per m3 respectively. The highest physical and economic productivity of water was determined in Nahavand and Famenin and the lowest in Malayer.

Improving water productivity in food production has been a basic global issue, especially in countries with limited water resources like Iran. Due to quantitative and qualitative limitations of water, measurement and analysis of agricultural water productivity indicators in Iran deserve special attention. Accordingly, in the present study, the physical and economical productivity of crops in Bahar plain, Hamadan, was investigated for the period of 2010-11. In this research, completing previous studies, water productivity indicators in different irrigation methods were calculated. The results showed that water productivity of the modern irrigation methods was significantly higher than traditional irrigation methods. Also, based on net benefit per drop (NBPD) index, garlic and alfalfa, respectively, showed the highest and lowest productivity. This can be considered as a proposed policy change in cropping pattern.