جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "مدیریت مصرف" در نشریات گروه "آب و خاک"

In recent years, many cities have been suffering from a shortage of drinking water, mainly due to population growth. Therefore, the tendency to curb excessive water consumption by identifying the main factors affecting consumer behavior in the management of drinking water resources has become very important. Understanding this necessity, the purpose of this study is to identify, and prioritize the factors affecting the pattern of water consumption in the home sector. In this regard, by reviewing the literature in the field of water and interviewing industry experts, the factors affecting consumption in various criteria were identified and monitored. Then, through fuzzy Delphi, action factors were examined and finally, 7 main economic, social, cultural, technical and engineering, legal and managerial, spatial and temporal criteria with 26 sub-criteria were identified. Evaluation and ranking of these factors were performed using the fuzzy Topsis technique. Results obtained from the research of family awareness with weight (0.756) first rank, use of water reducing devices (0.670) second rank, advertising and education (0.603) third rank, consumption motivation (0.545) rank Fourth, water tariffs and pricing (0.508) were ranked fifth and the use of new valves (0.423) was ranked sixth. The findings show that among the various factors, educating and increasing the awareness of households on how to consume water and the use of reducing devices can play an important role in managing water consumption.

In the current situation, we face the limited quantitative and qualitative water resources. We have no choice except to change the perspective towards consumption management. Separating drinking water from sanitary water is one of the components of the quality management of consumption. Two senarios are water harvesting stations and dual water distribution network.The scenarios of separation of drinking and non-drinking water were analyzed using the EPANET software in Safaieh region. The estimated cost of the pilot region showed that the first method was more costly than the second method. The results of the economic analysis of methods of separation of drinking and non-drinking water using the Net Peresent Value (NPV) showed that all methods have positive NPV index, which indicates that the projects are successful economically. In relation to the comparison of the sales price of drinking water, the first method, ie, plumbing to the home with a price of 4700 toman per cubic meter, is higher NPV and more economical than another method. But since other parameters such as the accessibility of people to the drinking water distribution network, the age of the people, public acceptance is important in selection of the best method of the separation of drinking water from non-drinking water. Dual water distribution network method is suggested. By implementing this project can be managed water consumption through the quota of sanitary water and correcting the price of drinking water.

There are direct relationships between leakage and consumption in the distribution network with the pressure. Due to the relationship between leakage and consumption with pressure, those can be reduced by the reduction of the pressure. One of the best and most cost-effective methods in order to reduce the leakage is pressure management. By installing pressure reducing valves, we can reduce the network pressure. In order to operate the pressure reducing valves better in the network, it is important to determine their optimum position and regulated pressure. In this research, we investigated the optimal position for installing pressure reducing valves in the water distribution network. The study is conducted by using a dynamic link between MATLAB and EPANET and a review of all possible states for installing pressure reducing valves. The research is considered as a multi-objective case. It was considered as a multi-objective case. The objective functions in this research are: minimizing the rate of leakage and consumption in the network, Minimizing the points with the pressure more than the tube's capacity and minimizing the number of nodes with a pressure lower than the standard rate. These analyzes were conducted over a 24-hour period. Based on the results, by installing three pressure reducing valves in optimal position and pressure-regulation from 40 m to 33 m in Birjand network, the average of consumption and leakage in 24 hours was reduced to 48.24 liters per second, compared to the situation with the same number of pressers reducing valves were installed in different position. As it is derived from the results, this approach has a very high efficiency in reducing the leakage and consumption in the water distribution network.

Irregular exploitation of water resources of the country, especially in the agricultural sector, has threatened Iran with serious threats. The main objective of this study is to provide of possible management strategies at farm level, without changing irrigation systems and additional costs in order to reduce agricultural water consumption such as improving irrigation water efficiency, changing the planting date and studying different levels of deficit irrigation with regarding the type of cultivation, the actual conditions of irrigation management (amount, number of irrigation, etc.) in different areas of the study area have been checked. The basics of the study are based on actual information and in the form of a case study. . The results showed that improvement of irrigation efficiency for dominant crops in two regions of Dorodzan and Korbal, leading to savings in water allocation of 131.5 (11.2%) and 33.8 (10.83%) million cubic meters, respectively. The results of the scenario of change in planting date using AquaCrop model simulation showed that with this management pattern could be saved, 31.6 (2.7%) and 9.17 (2.94%) million cubic meters in the two regions of Dorodzan and Korbal in water consumption respectively . At the same time, different levels of deficit irrigation can save 85.5(7.3%) and 26.2 (8.4%) million cubic meters in water consumption respectively.

The new management of water resources, due to the limitations in available water resources utilization and the development of urban communities, should be based on the demand management rather than supply management. However, achieving sustainable consumption patterns, with status indicators such as consumption patterns, culturing, tariff reform and incentive policies either corrective or preventative, is possible in macro management. The factors that determine water demand as well as the consumption reduction actions, should be considered as a connection between the policies for water supply and the availability of renewable resources. Due to the location and pilgrimage to the city of Mashhad, in addition to the urban community decision variables, the supply of water for drinking and other domestic uses is of considerable importance for decision makers. The lack of a program or a pilgrims schedule makes it difficult to estimate the level of water consumption or its demand in the network. Because the Mashhad plain is located in a restricted area the possibility of creating new wells in this critical plain does not exist. Therefore, considering future crisis and the unique location of the city of Mashhad, due to its religious status and the necessity of providing drinking water, investigating the ability to supply water from reservoirs must be included in the Vision 1420. Proposals relying on both conventional and unconventional sources of water must be included in urban domestic water management. By correctly estimating all the determinants of water consumption (30 year forecast) it is possible to predict the level of drinking water demand in the city of Mashhad and develop a suitable management approach.