جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « میدان مغناطیسی » در نشریات گروه « آب و خاک »

Due to the increase in population, food needs, and decreasing fertile agricultural lands without salinity problems, the requirement for irrigation with good quality water will become more valuable every day. In many developing countries, population growth, climate change, lack of land, and improper management of water and soil have caused a decrease in soil fertility and, as a result, limited supply of essential plant nutrients. Considering that Iran is located in the region with hot and dry weather conditions and there are not enough sources of water with good quality in the country and also the soils are mostly salty and calcareous, it is obvious that solutions should be considered to improve the quality of water. Considering the limited water for planting crops, using unconventional waters like salt water, is one of the most suitable ways to increase productivity from agricultural land. One of the methods is the use of magnetic water technology. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of using magnetized saline water on the yield and yield components of maize (SC 704) plants by using a drip irrigation system.

The experiment was conducted as a factorial in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications in the crop year 2021-2022 in Babolsar City with the coordinates of 59 degrees and 39 minutes of latitude (oN) and 36 degrees and 43 minutes of longitude (oE) at an altitude of -21 meters above the surface of the open seas. According to long-term data and based on Dumarten's climate classification, the region has a humid climate. According to long-term statistical data of 30 years, the average annual rainfall of the region is 891 mm and the average annual air temperature is 17.5 degrees Celsius. Irrigation water salinity treatments included 0.6 (S1), 3 (S2), and 6 dS/m (S3) under conditions of application of magnetic field (I1) and without magnetic field (I2). Magnetization of irrigation water was created by passing water through a permanent magnet with a magnetic field intensity of 0.3 Tesla. The working method was that in magnetized water treatments, the device for creating a magnetic field was installed on the pipeline and the water that was considered for irrigation of these treatments passed through this conduit. Irrigation frequency of 3 days and considering the efficiency of 90%, the irrigation demand was determined. Irrigation amounts in each treatment were applied by volume meter. At the end of the experiment period, the characteristics of fresh and dry weight of the plant, number of seeds, weight of 1000 seeds, biological yield and seed yield per lysimeter were measured. SAS software was used for the statistical analysis of the data and comparison of means was done by Duncan's test method.

Salinity stress is one of the factors limiting the vegetative and reproductive growth of most plants and it is a factor that affects the metabolism and morphology of the plant. Due to the lack of quality water suitable for use in the agricultural sector, it is necessary to use non-conventional water. In this research, irrigation with different salinities under the effect of magnetic field on maize yield and yield components was investigated. The results showed that the effect of irrigation type and water salinity on plant wet weight, plant dry weight, number of seeds per cob, 1000 seed weight, biological yield, and grain yield were significant. The comparison results of the average of water salinity treatments showed that there was a significant difference between all the salinity treatments of 0.6, 3 and 6 deci-Siemens/m. Increasing water salinity decreased biomass weight and green cover in maize plants. On average, irrigation with magnetized saline water caused increase of 16.3% in plant wet weight, 21.2% in plant dry weight, 17.2% in number of seeds per cob, 12.9% in 1000 seed weight,13.73% in grain yield and 22.13% increase in the biological yield of maize compared to non-magnetic water. Also, the maize yield components decreased with increasing water salinity. In general, it can be concluded that magnetic water technology can be used to improve plant performance. It is suggested to use magnetic water technology to control salinity in the lands where non-conventional water is continuously used for irrigation, according to the type of plant and the tolerance threshold of the plant to salinity.

To investigate the interaction of magnetic water and deficit irrigation on yield and yield components of marigold, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in the research greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, in 2019, using pot culture with 3 replications. Treatments included 4 irrigation levels (100%, 85%, 70%, and 55% of field capacity) and 2 types of water (normal water and magnetic water). The results showed that different levels of irrigation on all traits (except physical water productivity which was significant at a 5% level) were significant (P <0.01). Effects of magnetic water on the dry weight of lateral branches and flowers, number of flowers and physical water productivity were significant (at P <0.01); and on the dry weight of flowering stems and leaves, number of leaves and lateral branches were also significant (at P <0.05). The interaction effect of the studied treatments was significant (P <0.01) on the number of leaves; and on the dry weight of roots, flowers, and flowering stems (P <0.05). The highest dry weights of leaves and flowering stems, number of flowers, number of leaves and lateral branches, height and physical water productivity were in irrigation with 100% field capacity and were, respectively, 1.77 and 0.37 g/plant, 7 and 6, 18.4 cm and 0.186 kg/m3. Also, reducing irrigation water by 15%, 30%, and 45% reduced the number of flowers by 25.7%, 32.8%, and 54.3%; and the physical water productivity by 18.8%, 21.5%, and 24.2%, respectively. The highest dry weight of flowers, roots, and lateral branches were observed in magnetic water + irrigation with 100% field capacity, as 0.29, 0.5, and 0.74 g/plant, respectively. The results showed that using a magnetic field increased flower yield and water productivity of Marigold plants under water stress. In this study, the best treatment was 0.6 teslas magnetized water+ 100%FC. However, to apply these stresses at the field level, more research is needed.

In order to investigate the effect of magnetic intensity and salinity on germination characteristics of Cuminum ciminum, an experiment was conducted in medicinal plants laboratory of University of Torbat Heydariyeh. Four levels of magnetic field intensity (0, 40, 80, and 120 milli Tesla) as the first factor and four levels of salinity stress (0, -3, -6, and -9 bar) as the second factor was applied. The results showed that salinity was significant on all studied factors including germination percentage, germination rate and mean germination time, seedling weight and length and seed vigor indices I and II at 1% level. Increasing the salinity level reduced the seed germination percentage from 97% in the control treatment to 25% in the -6 bar salinity treatment. Magnetic field also had a significant effect on shoot, root, and seedling length and seed vigor index I factors at the level 1%. In addition it had significant effect on the germination rate and mean germination time at the level of 5%. Application of magnetic field with an intensity of 120 mT increased the weight of shoot, root and seedling by 44.2%, 59.2%, and 52.5% compared to the control, respectively. The interaction of salinity and magnetic field showed a significant effect on shoot, root, and seedling length and seed vigor index I at the level 1%. The general conclusion of this study showed that with increasing salinity, germination percentage decreased and with increasing magnetic field, seedling weight increased. Increasing the length of shoot, root, and seedling also was one of the positive effects of increasing the intensity of the magnetic field

Increase in population and limitation of food resources, leads to decline accessing to agricultural water and soil resources and faced human beings with the great challenge of food security and regional and international crises. Disorders in the plant due to heavy metal toxicity in plants may eventually reduce plant growth. One of the methods that can be applyed to remediate the soil is using of magnetic water. In this study, the effect of using magnetically treated effluent on the chemical properties and traceability of soil heavy metals was investigated. For this purpose, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2020 at Babolsar city. Treatments include: irrigation with well water (W1), irrigation with mixing 25% of effluent and 75% of well water (W2), irrigation with the mixing of 50% of effluent and 50% of well water (W3), irrigation with mixing of 75% of effluent and 25% of water Well (W4), irrigation with 100% effluent (W5) under magnetic field (I1) and without magnetic field (I2). The results showed that the effect of irrigation type and water and effluent mixing on electrical conductivity, solutes, and heavy metals in the soil at different depths was significant at 1% probability level. On average, irrigation with magnetic water reduced electrical conductivity by 30.43%, lead by 35.25%, and cadmium by 56.11% in the soil profile. In treatments with higher effluent mixing percentages, the number of solutes increased in different soil depths, which was due to higher amounts of elements, especially heavy metals in the effluent. Therefore, by using magnetic technology to reduce the solutes and heavy metals in the soil, provided the conditions for better cultivation in terms of reducing the toxicity of plants due to less absorbtion of heavy metals.

Soil moisture is one of the important determinants of soil behavior in water and soil investigation. The usual methods of measuring soil moisture are costly and very time consuming; so in this study, the TDR device has been used as a fast method. This study aims to investigate the effect of magnetic irrigation water on the measurement accuracy of the water content of the soil by the TDR device. In this study, three soil texture (silty clay, sandy loam, and clay loam) were on different levels of the magnetic field (0, 0.3, and 0.6 T). In this study, soil moisture was estimated using a TDR and compared with volumetric method values of soil moisture. The results showed that the device has the highest accuracy in the sandy loam soils under different levels of magnetic irrigation water (RMSE in well water, magnetic water 0.3 teslas, and magnetic water 0.6 teslas were 15.2, 3.3, and 2.5, respectively) and by increasing the clay content, the accuracy of the device is reduced. The drawing of the coherence chart between the results of the TDR method and the volumetric method values showed that the highest and the least coincidence between the two methods were observed in sandy loam + irrigation with magnetic water of 0.6 T (R2 = 0.92) and clay loam soils + well water (R2 = 0.42). The results showed that irrigation with magnetized water was increased the accuracy of the device in all of the studied soil textures.

Due to limited water resources, there is too much emphasis on the efficient use of present water resources for irrigation. Magnetized water can be used for the reclamation of water and soil. The usage of magnetic water in agricultural production will enable intense and more quantities and qualitative production. Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) is one of the oldest medicinal plants which had been used for the pharmaceutical industries. In order to evaluate the effects of different growth bed and magnetized water on growth and yield characteristics of marigold flower. Safana (31) showed that irrigation plants with magnetized water of (1000 and 1500 GS) gave a significantly increasing in height, leaf number, flower number, fresh and dry weight characteristics of marigold plants expect number of flowering days, while the irrigation with normal water gave lowest the average for all the studied characters expect number of flowering days. The results of some of studies showed that the combined application of different substrates (Treatment No. 4: garden soil + spent mushroom compost + Rice bran + manure at a volume ratio of 25%) significantly increased leaf area (47.76 cm2), plant height (24.60 cm), shoots and flowers dry weight (0.043 and 0.014 g respectively), chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll. The highest root dry weight (0.0056 g) was observed on treatment No. 7 (garden soil + spent mushroom compost + manure at a volume ratio of 33%) and treatment No. 8 (garden soil + manure at a volume ratio of 50%) (24).

Greenhouse research was carried out to study the simultaneous effect of irrigation with magnetized water and different soil textures on growth and yield properties of Marigold in the 3 replications as pot planting under greenhouse conditions in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad during 2019. Research Station is located in north-east of Iran at 36° 16' N latitude and 59° 38' E longitude and its height from sea level is 958 meters. The experiment was performed as the factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with three replications including two factors; Magnetic field levels consisted of four levels (0, 0.3, and 0.6 Tesla) and Soil texture treatments consisted of three levels (Silty clay, Clay loam, and sandy loam), which were applied on the plant. Data obtained (branches, leaf, root, stem, and flower dry weights, flower and leaf number, root length, root volume, and height) were analyzed using statistical software SAS. Ver. 9.0 and the means were compared using LSD range test at 5 % percent.

The results showed that soil texture on branches dry weight, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, flower number, root volume, and height were significant at 1 percent level (P<0.01), and on flower and root dry weights and leaf number were significant at 5 percent levels (P<0.05). the effect of magnetized water on branches dry weight, leaf dry weight, root dry weight, flower dry weight, height, flower number, branches number, height, and root volume were significant at 1 percent level (P<0.01) and root length was significant at 5 percent level (P<0.05), while interaction of magnetized water and soil texture on the branches, root, and flower dry weights were significant at 1 percent level (P<0.01) and root and stem dry weight and root volume were significant at 5 percent levels (P<0.05). The results showed that irrigation with magnetized water (0.3 and 0.6 teslas) was increased flower number to 11.34% and 28.5 percent and was decreased 14.99% and 13.58 percent of leaf number, respectively. The results showed that irrigation with magnetized water (0.3 teslas) compared with 0.6 teslas in different soil texture was increased flower dry weights, another hand the highest of flower dry weights in the irrigation with 0.3 tesla (0.61, 0.64, and 0.75 g in silty clay, clay loam, and sandy loam, respectively). Thus, in order to achieve suitable yields of marigold can be considered as appropriate levels of magnetized water and growth bed as these agronomic approaches. Using magnetized water can be improved the management of water in agricultural and experience deficit irrigation methods. Generally, using magnetized water in irrigation, in addition to saving water consumption and increasing irrigation water use efficiency, a reliable yield can be produced in Mashhad climatic condition and recommended for using under same conditions.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of magnetic water on the growth characteristics of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under dificit irrigation and partial root-zone drying (PRD) in greenhouse as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The treatments included three levels of magnetic water (normal water as a control treatment, magnetic water with an intensity of 0.3 Tesla, magnetic water with an intensity of 0.6 Tesla) and three levels of dificit irrigation (100% irrigation as a control treatment, dificit irrigation 50 % of water requirement, partial root-zone drying 50% of water requirement). The results show that the use of magnetic water increases the yield of basil, so that the results show a 5% increase in shoot fresh weight, 13% leaf area index, 28% root dry weight and 24% root volume in magnetic water with an intensity of 0.6 Tesla. The results also show that dificit irrigation reduced all the studied traits and the highest yield was observed in full irrigation treatment. The results of water use efficiency also showed the highest rate in 100% irrigation, but despite a 50% reduction in the volume of irrigation water in partial root-zone drying 50% of water requirement , only a 10% decrease in water use efficiency was observed. The results of comparing adjusted irrigation deficiency and partial root-zone drying also did not show a significant difference in the studied traits.

Magnetic water increases net plant production by increasing seed stimulation for germination and increasing plant growth rate and strength. This study aimed to investigate the effect of magnetic water on water productivity, germination and yield of (Spinacia oleracea) under deficit irrigation in both laboratory and greenhouse as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. In the first experiment, the treatments included three levels of magnetic water (normal water as a control treatment, magnetic water with an intensity of 0.3 Tesla, magnetic water with an intensity of 0.6 Tesla) and 7 moisture potentials (potential 0, -0.1, -0.3, -1, -3, -6 and -9 bar) and in the second experiment, four levels of deficit irrigation were included: 100% irrigation, 80% irrigation, 60% irrigation and 40% irrigation. The results show that the use of drought treatment reduced plant germination traits including seed vigor index, germination and speed percentage, wet and dry weight of stems and roots, length of stems and roots. The use of magnetic water increased the yield of spinach and reduced the negative effects of deficit irrigation. Overall, the results showed a 25 and 31% increase in shoot fresh and dry weight, 41% increase in leaf area, 36% and 20% increase in fresh and dry root weight, 24% increase in root volume, 11% increase in relative leaf water content, decrease Proline was a 33% increase in water productivity index. The use of low irrigation also improved the fresh and dry weight traits of shoots and water productivity index.

Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) is used for medicinal and food purposes. Its cultivation has economic importance, due to its ability to produce and store essential oil. This research was conducted to study the effect of deficit irrigation and magnetized water on yield and yield components of peppermint in the experimental research greenhouse of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, during 2018-19. We used a factorial experiment based on the completely randomized design with 3 replications. Irrigation levels consisted of 4 levels (100%, 85%, 70%, and 55% of plant water requirements) and magnetic field factors consisted of 3 levels (0, 0.3, and 0.6 teslas). The result showed that decrease of the water requirement by 15%, 30%, and 45% resulted in reduction of shoot fresh weights by 11.2%, 15.1%, and 36.5%, respectively. However, irrigation with magnetized water (0.3 teslas) under deficit irrigation levels (85%, 70%, and 55% of plant water requirements) resulted in the increase of shoot dry weights by 19.5%, 24.7%, and 66.4%, respectively. In general, the use of magnetic water under water stress enhanced plant growth and improved dry and wet shoot yield in peppermint compared to the control treatment under deficit irrigation conditions.

The increase in population in the country needs to increase the agricultural products. It is necessary to use new techniques to increase performance and make maximum use of available water resources. Priming decreasesthe cultivation period. Therefore, the total water requirement during the growing season will be reduced.The magnetized water has effects on some of the morphological characteristics of the plant, improve them. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of magnetized water and seed priming on growth characteristics of bell pepper in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. This research was conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with five replications and two priming factors with two levels (without priming and hydropriming) and magnetic field intensity with three levels (zero, 0.3 and 0.6 Tesla). The results have been shown that magnetized water was significant at 1% probability level on leaf area, shoot length, fresh and dry weight of shoot but on fresh and dry weight of leaf at 5% probability level Seed hydro priming was also significant on root diameter and stem length at 5% probability level. The interaction effects of treatments were significant on root length, root dry weight at 1% probability level, and on root surface, root volume, root fresh weight at 5% probability level.The use of magnetized water with 0.3 and 0.6 Tesla magnetic intensity increased the leaf area by 13.1% and 20.93%, 13.73% and 15.69% leaf fresh weight, respectively, and the highest stem fresh weight (0.27 g) in magnetizes water as irrigation was 0.6 Tesla and its lowest (0.2 g) was observed in ordinary water treatment. The highest root volume was observed in 0.6 Tesla magnetic intensity and seed hydro priming treatment (0.24 cm3). The highest (0.53 g) root fresh weight was observed in 0.3 Tesla and seed hydro priming and the lowest (0.39 g) in 0.3 Tesla, magnetic intensity, seed treatment without seed priming. As a result, irrigation with magnetized water and seed hydro priming resulted in improvement of morphological properties of bell pepper transplant.

Many scientists have discovered the useful effects of magnetic field in agriculture and are have become interested because cheap and eco-friendly technique. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of magnetized water and priming with magnetized water under drought stress on some morphological traits of radish plant. The experiment was carried out with factorial experiment in completely randomized design with three type water treatment, four priming treatment and three irrigation deficit treatment in four replications in greenhouse ferdousi university of mashhad. After harvesting, root cleaning was performed, and the most important morphological indices including fresh and dry weight of three plant parts, tuber length and diameter, leaf area, tuber density, root length and tuber volume and root volume were measured. Results showed that with increasing drought stress all measured traits decreased but the use of magnetic water has improved all the traits, So that the simple effect of magnetized water for one hour increased leaf area, shoot and tuber dry weight, shoot, root and tuber fresh weight, root length, diameter and tuber length and tuber and root mass by is respectively 15, 24, 56, 20, 48, 80, 11, 11, 31, 85 and 50 Percent but in priming treatment, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of shoot, tuber fresh and dry weight and tuber density had no significant effect. In general, the results showed that magnetized water protects radish plant as a protective agent against drought stress and cause increasing plant yield and decreasing water consumption.

In order to study the effect of magnetic field and different levels of saline irrigation water on cumin yield, a factorial experiment with a completely randomized block design with three replications was carried out in Kashmar Higher Education Institute in 2016. In this experiment, four salinity levels of irrigation water; 0.5 (S1) as control, 6 (S2), 8 (S3), and (S4) 10 dS m-1, and two levels of magnetic field; magnetic water (M1) and non-magnetic water (M2) Were used. The results showed that the magnetized water increased the yield of cumin compared with non-magnetized water. So that the maximum grain yield of cumin (1085 kg. ha-1) was corresponded to S1M1 treatment and the lowest one (530 kg ha-1) was corresponded toS4M2 treatment. Also, the maximum and the minimum biological yields (2215 and 1295 kg ha-1) were corresponded to the same treatments (S1M1 and S4M2) respectively. The yield reduction rates for 6, 8 and 10 dS m-1 saline waters were calculated to be 7.8, 14.7 and 32%, respectively for the magnetic field and 6, 15.7 and 44.5%, respectively for the non-magnetic field as compared to the control treatment. In addition, the average water use efficiencies of saline and magnetic water treatments (0.5, 6, 8 and 10 dS m-1) were estimated to be 8.8, 6.5, 10.3 and 17.4% greater than the ones of saline and non-magnetic water treatments, respectively. Therefore, the use of magnetic water can increase the yield of cumin under salt stress conditions.

In areas facing water shortage, increasing water productivity is the key to overcome the greatest challenge in the agricultural sector. The present field experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of different irrigation water depths and salinity of magnetized and non-magnetized water on grain yield, biomass, height, protein, and oil content of soybean variety DPX. The experiment was performed as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Aliabad, Golestan province, in 2013. The treatments consisted of three levels of water volume (100%, 75% and 50% of soybean water requirement) and three salinity levels (0.7, 5, and 10 dS/m). The results showed that magnetized water caused irrigation water quality to be improved. Therefore, magnetization of irrigation water resulted in the highly significant increase in the grain yield, biomass, height, protein, and oil content of plant under water deficit and salinity stress treatments (p