جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "کارایی جذب" در نشریات گروه "آب و خاک"

One of the strategies of using low-soluble P farctions in the soil is selection and cultivation of plants and varieties with high P uptake efficiency. According to the necessity of P uptake efficiency and effective mechanisms in commercial varieties of sugarcane knowledge, a pot experiment was carried out in greenhouse condition in Hakim Farabi Agro-Industry CO.. The treatments were P fertilizer (including: blank (P0), 125 (P50) and 250 (P100) kg ha-1 as triple superphosphate) and varieties of sugarcane (including: CP57-614, CP69-1062 and CP48-103) in three sampling times (including: 45, 90 and 130 days after planting) with three replications in factorial based on completely randomized design. In this study, P uptake, root length, specific root length, root to shoot ratio and P influx were evaluated at each sampling time. In low available P condition, the CP48 and the CP57 varieties able to uptake more P and then considered as efficient P varieties. However, CP69 has less ability to uptake of P in this condition. In this condition, CP48 variety, P uptake was increased by 13% and 45% compared to CP57 and CP69 varieties respectively. However, CP57 showed enhancement of P uptake up to 29% compared to CP69 variety. Phosphorus influx decreased in CP57 and CP69 varieties by 53% and 67% respectively with aging of sugarcane that the greatest decrease of influx was observed in CP69 variety. In the CP48 variety, P influx increased up to 66%, which can be an effective factor in more P uptake. Therefore, these differences in the ability of P uptake in sugarcane varieties and mechanisms affecting P uptake can improve the management of P fertilizer consumption especially in ratoon.

Element efficiency is one of the most important characteristics of different plant cultivars for managing nutrition and fertilizer application in plants. This study was carried out to investigate the efficiency of silicon in different maize cultivars in a calcareous soil under greenhouse conditions. Treatments included five maize cultivars (single crosses 400 (ksc400), 410 (ksc410), 704 (ksc704), 705 (ksc705), 706 (ksc706)) and two silicon levels (0 and 100 mg silicon in 1 kg soil from potassium silicate source), which was performed in a factorial arrangement based on a completely randomized design. After eight weeks of vegetative period, plants harvested and factors such as shoot and root dry weight, leaf area, root volume and surface area and plant silicon uptake were measured. Efficiency element indices including adsorption and consumption efficiency of silicon and silicon efficiency of different cultivars were calculated. Among cultivars, ksc706 with 14.54 g yield, root weight of 6.7 g, leaf area of 173700 mm2 and root area of 185185 mm2 had the best results in terms of morphological characteristics and ksc410 cultivar with yield of 10.03 g, root weight of 5.25 g, leaf area of ​​2147900 mm2 and root area of ​​136284 mm2 showed the lowest desirable characteristics, compared to the control treatment. Yield increase of cultivars compared to the control treatment were: ksc400 (20.7%), ksc706 (17.8%), ksc410 (9.2%), ksc704 (8.9%) and ksc705 (4.8%). The highest silicon uptake efficiency was in ksc706 cultivar (85.7%) and the lowest in ksc704 (58.9%), and the highest silicon consumption efficiency was in ksc705 (12.52%) and the lowest in ksc400 (5.44%). With regard of increasing the area of root system in the treatment containing silicon compared to the control, and the effects of silicon on the uptake and transfer of more nutrients from the soil to the shoots, an increase in plant yield is evident. Accordingly, it is suggested to consider the development of planting the effective element plants with the aim of managing input consumption, soil fertility and sustainable agricultural goals.

  Intercropping defined as growing two or more crops simultaneously in the same field, considering for its more sustainability and higher yields compared to sole-cropping. More developed and distributed root systems besides efficient architecture may enhance uptake and efficiency of nutrients. Application of organic fertilizers, on the other hand reduces environmental pollution and lead to longer nutrients recycling in agricultural systems. Considering these issues, this study aimed to evaluate nutrient efficiency of dragonhead - soybean intercropping nourished with organic manure and chemical fertilizer. A RCBD factorial experiment with three replications was conducted at Shahrekord University research farm in 2016. Five sowing patterns include: Sole-cropping of soybean (S), sole cropping of dragonhead (D) and three intercropping ratios of them (S:D 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2) as first factor were evaluated at two fertilization sources (chemical fertilizer and broiler litter) as second factor. Dragonhead and soybean were harvested at flowering and maturity stages, respectively. Concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, copper, iron, zinc and manganese were determined for each plot. Finally, uptake of nutrients was calculated by multiplying the concentration by yield. The relative crop yield and relative nutrients yield in intercropping were calculated. The analysis of variance for the obtained data was done by statistical analysis system (SAS V.9) software. The mean comparison was done using the least significant difference (LSD) test at the 5% probability level. The result showed that the maximum uptake of nitrogen (10.59 g.m-2) and phosphorus (1.79 g.m-2) were obtained in sole cropped soybean and dragonhead treated with organic manure, did not show significant difference with intercropped ratio of soybean: dragonhead (1:1). The highest uptake of potassium (14 g.m-2), iron (0.253 g.m-2), zinc (0.065 g.m-2) and manganese (0.080 g.m-2) were achieved in sole cropped dragonhead treated with organic manure too. While for copper the highest ones (0.0135 g.m-2) were obtained in sole cropped dragonhead under organic manure, showing no significant difference with soybean: dragonhead (1:2) ratio under organic manure. The highest relative yield of nitrogen (1.04), phosphorus (1.09) and iron (1.03) was obtained in soybean: dragonhead (1:1) under organic manure. The greatest relative yield of potassium (1.07), copper (1.32) and manganese (1.03) was observed in soybean: dragonhead (1:2) under organic manure.
In this study, organic manure showed significant gains in terms of nutrient uptake compared to chemical fertilizer. In addition to, uptake efficiency of nutrient was higher compared with sole cropping. Intercropped patterns especially for organic manure application enhances nutrient efficiency. So, enhancement of uptake efficiency reduces the need for fertilizers in farm, in addition to lower environmental hazards contributes to increasing economic efficiency

Most of medicinal plants are able to grow in low P supply as well. In order to study the ability of some medicinal plant species، a greenhouse experiment was conducted with Salvia virgata، Achillea millefolium and Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam in a low P soil. The experiment was undertaken with three levels of P (0، 15، 150 mg kg-1)، two harvests and three replications as a randomized complete block design. In the second harvest and low P treatment، all species showed a high relative shoot dry matter (above 80%) which indicated a high P use efficiency of them. The range of shoot P concentration in low P treatment at the first harvest was between 0. 23% and 0. 29%. In this case، no significant difference was observed among different P treatments. In addition، the shoot P content of plants was almost high. As a result، all three plant species were P uptake efficient plants. The P influx in Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam was more than two other plant species. The results of the root- shoot ratio of plants at low P supplied was indicated that high P uptake efficiency of Salvia virgata was mostly due to its extensive root system، whilst، for Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam it was mostly due to its high P influx.