جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « evaluation index » در نشریات گروه « آب و خاک »

The Caspian Sea as the largest lake in the world is very important from the different aspects of economic, social, tourist, and environmental. In this regard, monitoring the water quality of the southern shores of the Caspian Sea has a special importance in order to study it according to national and international standards and control the possible pollution of the coastal strip of Iran. Therefore, the National Research Center of Caspian Sea was analyzed and checked the quality of water in terms of amount heavy metal by establishing 14 stations in the coastal strip from Miankala to Astara. In this study, the concentration of heavy and dangerous metallic and non-metallic elements in depth 1 and 7 meters from Farah Abad station to Lisar and at two depths of 1 and 4 meters in Miankala and Astara stations were measured by ICP-MS method and heavy metal evaluation index, pollution degree index, heavy metal pollution index and Spearman's correlation coefficient were calculated according to the concentration data. The obtained results show that the average concentration of heavy and dangerous metals B(2.37ppm), Ba(24.9ppb) and Zn(18.3ppb) at a depth of one meter and B(2.44ppm), Zn(26.5ppb) and As(17.5ppb) at a depth of seven meters are the highest concentrations recorded in the monitoring stations. According to the data, the highest value of the HEI(1.58), the Cd(-5.96) and  the HPI(68.49) of heavy metals were obtained at depth of seven meters in Farah-Abad station and one meter Faridoonkanar and Miankale station, respectively.

Performance evaluation of current status of irrigation systems and introducing practical approaches can help to use water more efficiently in field. This study was conducted to evaluate the furrow irrigation systems in corn farms of Moghan agro-industry and husbandry, Parsabad, Ardebil, in 2015. Evaluation of these systems was conducted in seven corn farms. The results indicated that the average water application efficiency, storage efficiency, infiltration efficiency, distribution efficiency, application efficiency of low quarter, distribution uniformity of low quarter and potential efficiency of low quarter are 41.90%, 92.48%, 75.28%, 91.44%, 36.85%, 85.01% and 59.72%, respectively. The reason for the low value of irrigation application efficiency is the difference between application efficiency of low quarter and potential efficiency of low quarter. Therefore, the poor management of surface irrigation was concluded. Proper furrow run and cutoff time and utilizing siphon can improve the current status drastically and will result in irrigation efficiency improvement.

Water user's participation in agricultural water projects is necessary for proper operation and maintenance of irrigation and drainage systems and it is one of the most important issues in development of growing communities. In Alborz Integrated Land and Water Management Project (AILWMP), due to the strategic policies and the support of the World Bank, a key goal of the project is the formation of Water Users’ Associations (WUAs). The sample population of this study was 103 board members of 19 WUAs within the AILWMP area in Mazandaran province. Field data collection instrument was a questionnaire which was validated using Cronbach– alpha, calculated at 0.73. To design the questionnaire, the Delphi method was used and, to evaluate the effective components, ten categories were determined and weighted. The first priority was sustainability, which was the main goal of the organization based on the project document. Necessity of organizing the WUA as well as education and information dissemination indexes were the second priority. Task definition and satisfaction indexes were considered as the third priority. To ensure the accuracy of answers, the questionnaire used active researchers approach. The research results showed that, up to this stage, WUA's progress have been fairly successful. The effective indexes of WUAs’ success were identified as information and training, the need to create association, roles definition, and sustainability, with respective weights of 0.326, 0.292, 0.266, and 0.239. Therefore, these components must be implemented carefully in future projects to achieve successful WUAs.