جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « spraying » در نشریات گروه « آب و خاک »

The Fe iron significantly affects the quantity and quality of agricultural production. Factors affecting the absorption of this element increase its efficiency. Meanwhile, the pH of the nutrient solution plays an important role in iron absorption. Iron is one of the essential elements for plant growth and plays an essential role in chloroplasts. Due to iron deficiency, the activity of several enzymes such as catalase, cytochrome oxidase, and ferroxin is significantly reduced. The amount of iron in the soil is high, but plants only absorb two-capacity of soluble soil, which is negligible compared to the total iron. Soil environmental conditions affect the amount of iron by the plant, so it is difficult to control the uptake of iron by the plant. It has the highest ability to absorb iron and manganese at a pH less than six. For this reason, acetic acid was used to stabilize the pH of the solution. Acetic acid has all the properties of an acid. Acetic acid is a polar solvent and an organic compound. The use of inexpensive organic acid and citric acid in agriculture, despite its positive effects on calcareous soils and their reasonable price, is still not common in Iran. Acetic acid has a carboxylic group and therefore has all the properties of an acid.

The pH solution plays a role in absorbing iron elements. This experiment was carried out in the form of a split-split plot in a randomized complete block design on a strawberry plant of diamant cultivar in the research station of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili during the years 2015-2017. Ardabil City in northwest Iran is located between Sablan and Baghrou mountain ranges. Due to its high altitude and mountainous nature, this city is colder than other cities in Iran and is considered one of the semi-arid cold regions. The average rainfall of this city is reported to be 400 mm. Factors included acetic acid (zero, one, two, and three percent), iron in two levels (sequestration 25 gr and nano one gr), and two levels of agricultural soap agents (zero and 7.5 %) as foliar spraying. Foliar application of pH nutrient solution from the three-leaf stage of the plant (mid-April) to the end of May, a total of five times 10 days apart in both years, was done. Two weeks after the last foliar application (June of the second year) plant growth indices included leaf fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight. Root length, flower-to-fruit ratio, chlorophyll greenery a, b, and total, leaf iron content and fruit yield per plant were measured.

The results of the analysis of variance showed that the three-way effect of treatments in all studied traits except root length and yield at one percent probability level on leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, and chlorophyll a, b and total at five percent probability level on fresh weight and root dryness, flower to fruit ratio and leaf iron content were statistically significant. The three-way interaction of acetic acid, iron, and agricultural soap data showed that the highest leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, ratio of flowers to fruits, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and the amount of leaf iron related to the treatment acetic acid two percent of sequestration iron in combination with agricultural soap (7.5 %) and in chlorophyll a, it was related to the treatment of acetic acid one percent of sequestrin iron in combination with agricultural soap. The lowest amount of fresh and dry weight of leaves, fresh root weight and dry root, flower-to-fruit ratio, and leaf iron content were related to the treatment of acetic acid zero with Nano iron with agricultural soap (control). The lowest Chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll were related to the treatment of acetic Acid three percent with Nano iron with agricultural soap (control). In addition, the interaction between acetic acid and iron at the level of five percent probability on root length and yield was significant.

It can be concluded that acetic acid two percent on the absorption of iron fertilizer, along with agricultural soap (7.5 %) application, has better results than other treatments and qualitative traits of strawberry fruit. In general, it can be concluded that the pH of the nutrient iron solution can improve plant growth and crop yield. The iron level of sequestration iron with two percent acetic acid with agricultural soap 7.5 % due to increasing the bicarbonate of the soil in the Ardabil region has caused the absorption of nutrient elements, especially iron by strawberries. The shelf life of the solution on the leaf surface had a more favorable effect on most growth indices in the strawberry Diamant cultivar in Ardabil soil conditions.

The importance of agriculture has been revealed for all human societies more than ever before as the population grows. Ferrum element is one of the vital elements for plant growth and its presence is essential for plant metabolism and physiological processes of the plant. In the present study, we tried to study the stability of plasma membrane against the entry of the elements into it and the resistance of the plant to the stresses on the inner membrane of the plant, which is the amount of applied Fe levels in addition to studying the concentration of microelements in the root and shoot of the plant. The purpose of this study is to compare Fe resources intake and its interaction with the concentration and type of applied fertilizer on the concentration of microelements and the stability of the plasma membrane of the sorghum plant.

A greenhouse experiment was conducted as a factorial design in a completely randomized design with three replications in the educational greenhouse of Zabol University in order to studying the use of Ferrum sources on the characteristics of Sorghum plant (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench. Var. Speed feed). The treatments consisted of two Ferrum levels (soil application: 0.270, 0.405 mg per kg of soil and spraying: 0.25 and 0.5 g of Fe per liter, along with control) from five sources of fertilizer (Iron chelate, ferrous sulphate, Green nano Fe (include 9% Fe), Polymeric Iron chelate, Polymeric ferrous sulphate).

The results of analysis of variance of data show that the triple interaction of all traits (except for the Cu of shoot that had no significant difference) and the dual interaction effects of Cu in the root of the plant have been statistically significant at the 5% probability level. The percentage of PMSI of the root (5.06 times) in the soil application of 0.270 mg.kg-1 Iron chelate and the concentration of Zn of the root (6.99 times) at the level of 0.405 mg.kg-1 in Green nano Fe (include 9% Fe) treatment were significantly higher than control. The total chlorophyll content (75.95%), the percentage of leaf PMSI (6.33 times), and Fe concentration in the shoot (1.99 times) had significant increase in the Polymeric Iron chelate, Green nano Fe and Polymeric ferrous sulphate respectively and the concentration of Zn in the shoots showed significant decrease (75.05%) in Iron chelate treatment in the spraying of iron sources at a level of 0.25 g.L-1. The concentration of Mn was significantly decreased in the shoot (30.67%) and in the root (37.46%) in Polymeric Iron chelate and Iron chelate respectively and the concentration of Fe in the root (47.86%) showed significant increase in polymeric ferrous sulfate treatment compared to control at the level of 0.5 g.L-1. According to the results, the highest concentrations of Cu in the root were observed in the green nano spray application.

In general, according to the results, the effects of Fe a sources on the physiological characteristics of sorghum and plant PMSI were evaluated positive and confirms the positive effect of the spraying of all Fe sources on the traits of PMSI root and leaf, total chlorophyll and Fe concentration in the shoot and root.

Phosphorus is one of the most used fertilizer macronutrients and in calcareous soils of Iran, its absorption is limited. On the other hand, considering the problems caused by the soil use of micronutrients, it is possible to modify the effects of phosphorus deficiency by spraying micronutrients. This study was conducted as factorial in a completely randomized design in three replications to investigate the effect of leaf nutrition of micronutrients (iron, zinc and copper) on the absorption of nutrients of Mentha aquatica L. in phosphorus deficiency conditions. Experimental treatments consisted of no deficiency (control) and two levels of phosphorus deficiency and foliar application of Fe2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+ in concentration of 1 and 2%. Deficient plants showed a significant decrease in P content of root. Spraying Fe2+ and Cu2+ 2% caused increase in P content under deficiency. Foliar nutrition with iron, zinc and copper caused decrease in nitrogen and phosphorus content in deficient plants. Applying zinc and iron as spraying caused increase in NO3− content in shoots and roots. In the present study, spraying zinc, iron and copper caused increase in their contents in shoots and roots of Mentha. Spraying Fe2+ 2% caused increase in P, NO3− and Fe2+ contents in shoots of Mentha plant. The orthogonal comparison results showed that there was a significant difference in nutrients content between foliar application of micronutrients and control and also between foliar application of iron compare to copper and zinc and foliar application of zinc compared to copper in shoots and roots of Mentha. Regarding the obtained results, leaf nutrition of micronutrients as spraying can be mentioned as a suitable suggestion to reduce the effects of macronutrients deficiency, especially phosphorus. It seems that spraying iron and zinc showed the highest effect in absorption of other nutrients in shoots, also spraying copper had the highest effect in roots.

In order to study the effect of foliar application of boron and zinc on yield and some qualitative characteristics of two rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars, a factorial experiment was carried out based on RCBD with 18 treatments and 3 replicates during 2005-2006 at Zanjan Agricultural Research Station. Factors of the experiment were: spraying of in 3 levels including Zn0 (without spraying), Zn1 (spraying with 3 g ZnSO4/L), Zn2 (spraying with 6 g ZnSO4/L) and H3BO3 spraying including B0 (without spraying), B1 (spraying with 2 g H3BO3/L), B3 (spraying with 4 g H3BO3/L) and the cultivars were V1 (SLM046) and V2 (Talayeh). Zn and B foliar applications were done in two plant phenological stages (early stemming and flowering). During the growth season common agronomic practices were followed and grain yield and concentration of oil, protein, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and B of rapeseed grains were measured at harvesting time. Results showed significant difference between the treatments, so maximum grain yield of 4180 kg/ha was obtained from Zn0B1 in V1 cultivar. Concomitant application of Zn and B led to increase in their concentrations in the grain that is important from rapeseed fortification view of point. Therefore, regarding to beneficial effects of B on grain yield and joint application of B and Zn on the seed quality simultaneous spraying of boric acid and Zn sulphate with 2 g /L and 3 g /L respectively in early stemming and flowering stages may be recommended for the study area and the similar regions.