جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « بذر » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد کشاورزی »

In order to study the effect of seed size on the vegetative, agronomic and seed protein of chickpea cultivars, an experiment was carried out in 2016 in the Baghchele village of the Divandarreh County in the form of a split-plot design in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications. the main factor was seed size (small, medium and large) and the secondary factor chickpea cultivars: Pirouz, Kaka, Hashem, Azad, Arman, Bivanij and ILC482 were considered. The results showed that the traits of days to emergence, days to flowering, seeds per pod, seeds per plant, weight of 100 seeds, yield and seed protein showed a significant difference under the influence of seed size. So that with the increase of the seed size, the values of the above traits increased. Seed yield and in large seeds compared to medium and small seeds, increased 7.74 and 1.9 percent, respectively. Also, all investigated traits showed a significant difference at the 1% under the influence of cultivars. the number of days to the emergence , The number of seeds per pod, the number of seeds per plant, the weight of 100 seeds and the seed yield of Bivanij and in terms of the number of days to flowering, days to maturity and the percentage of protein, Hashem was superior. The results showed that the weight of 100 seeds under the influence of the interaction of the seed size and cultivar showed a significant difference at the level of 1%, and the maximum value was obtained in the large seed and Bivanij.

In order to evaluate the effect of solarization time and plastic color on germination of Amaranthus retroflexus and Sinapis arvensis in Estahban region, this study was carried out in a factorial arrangement based on RCBD with three replications. Factors were selected as solarization duration at 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days, and plastic color at Transparent, non-transparent and dark levels. Result showed that by increasing solarization duration, the percentage of germination of the seeds of Amaranthus retroflexus and Sinapis arvensis, decreased. The lowest germination rate was observed in 60 days treatment and the highest germination percentage was observed in control treatment. Also, with increasing color plastic dullness, the germination percentage of the weed seeds decreased. According to the results of this experiment, the increase in extreme temperature under the plastic substrate caused a severe reduction in the grain, so that the use of late plastic coating caused most of the plants to disappear at these levels.

In today's world, there is not a country that can provide all the needs of its society without the products and services of other countries. As a result, exchanging goods and services between countries is based on the relative and absolute advantage. By increasing private sector investment and research on plants breeding in developed countries, intellectual property rights have gained special importance in the seed sector. Regarding Iran as a major country in importing seeds, especially the import of vegetable seeds, it is necessary to study the Factors affecting Seed Import to Iran .The present study seeks to answer the following questions: What are the factors affecting seed import to Iran? What is the implication of intellectual property treaties for Seed Import to Iran? And whether joining to international intellectual property treaties, the aspects related to intellectual property rights which is one of the conditions for joining to World Trade Organization or the acceptance of a new plant protection treaty will increase the seed import to selected countries, including Iran? Data from 10 countries in the period from 2005 to 2016 have been used to answer this question. Selected countries, including Iran and nine other countries with developmental level close to Iran, were able to access the data they needed. These include Azerbaijan, Colombia, Egypt, China, Indonesia, Peru, South Africa, Malaysia, Brazil and Iran.

This study used the gravity regression model to investigate the effects of membership in the law of intellectual and commercial law on the seeds of vegetables in Iran. Given the goal of studying the bilateral trade of countries in different years in gravity pattern, using combined data, it is possible to determine the specific trade effects of each pair of countries. But there is no such information about crosssectional data. In this way, the relationship between other variables at any given time can be measured in a concrete way. In order to determine these factors, panel data including import variables, distance between countries, GDP per capita, population of selected countries, cultivated area, and virtual variables of membership or non-membership in any intellectual property treaties in Trade and conservation of new plant varieties from 2005 to 2016 have been used.

According to the results of the Hausman test, random effects method has been used to estimate the model. In Brazil, after joining the new plant protection treaty, imports did not vary much and kept their downward trend. Peru has experienced a significant increase over a short period after joining the new plant protection treaty. Concerning the acceptance of the treaty, the aspects related to intellectual property rights for both Egyptian and Indonesian countries were regarded as an example. In Egypt, the import of vegetable seeds has been very short and temporary. Similarly, there is no significant change in the import of vegetable seeds for Indonesia. The results showed that the distance has a negative and significant effect on seed imports. Gross domestic product and population variables have a positive and significant effect on seed imports. Iran membership in each of the international treaties has a positive and significant effect on the seed imports.

This study examined the factors affecting seed import by Iran and selected countries. The results showed that, as expected, the distance variable with the negative coefficient was significant, which means that by increasing in distance, the amount of seed imports will decrease. Population variable obtained positive and significant coefficients. That denotes that by increase in population of Iran, the amount of seed imports into Iran will increase. The other variables in this study are not significant. The membership variables in each of the treaties, the new plant cultivar conservation treaty, and the aspects related to intellectual property rights treaty are statistically significant with positive coefficient. That means membership in intellectual property treaties has a positive effect on the amount of seed imports and the amount of increase in imports depends on the degree of implementation of the commitments and adherence to the rules of these treaties. Therefore, with regard to the positive effect of joining to international treaties on seed imports, it is suggested that before joining to international treaties strengthening the infrastructure in seed industry and improving the competitiveness of this industry against seed imports should have happened.

Food security can be defined as “access of all people to sufficient and safe food at any time to have active and healthy life”. Indeed, focusing on sufficiency and the health of agricultural products as two major aspects of food security leading to the prevention of diseases incidence are important while changing the current therapeutic approach in the country. The food supply chain includes three successive sub-chains namely production of agricultural inputs commodities, production of agricultural goods and production of food. Biotechnology is mainly applicable in the first sub-chain for supplying healthy agricultural inputs commodities which affects the quality and health of the final products and environment preservation. The state government could help the improvement of the health level by supporting the internal capabilities through encouraging the use of modern biotechnology for production of safe and qualified agricultural products. Of course, establishing safe food chain encounters obstacles that are the subject of this study. Having reviewed the existing problems, suggestions are made to resolve them by implementing agricultural biotechnology warranted by the current laws and regulations.

In order to study the effect of densities different sowing on physiological characteristics of growth four varieties of dry farming wheat, the experiment was conducted in split plot design in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replication in cropping year 2009-2010 in Research Station of Agricultural and Natural Resources of Boroujerd. In this experiment, sowing densities in four levels as main plots at four Levels 250, 300, 350 and 400 seed in square meter and the varieties in four Levels (Azar-2, sardary, rasad and pato) also be considered as sub - plots. Grain yield, plant yield, biological yield, spike length, height of plant before heading, height of plant in harvest stage, number of spike in plant, number of sterile tiller, number of grain in spike, thousand grain weight, number of spike in the area unit and harvest index were measured.The results of the analysis of variance showed that among the varieties existed significance difference according to studied characteristics. Except biological yield, thousand grain weight, and harvest index, the effect of density on all characteristics were significant. The interactions of variety density for characteristics of number of spike in plant and grain yield was significant. Except height of plant in harvest, the simple correlation of grain yield with other characteristics was positive. The number of grain in spike has the highest correlation with the yield in probability level %1 r: 0.847. The most yield was related to the pato variety with average yield of 2972.2 kg/ha and the densities between 300 to 350 of seeds in square meter.

Early، fast and uniform seed germination results in favorable emergence and greater early vigor، which in turn leads to more radiation interception and higher yield. In order to investigation of effectives of different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and different times of disinfestations on wheat seed of infection to Aspergillus fungi، testing in the laboratory seed Technology in National Date Research center. This study was performed by factorial in random complete deign whit three block. These treatments are utilized four concentrations 2، 4، 6، 8 sodium hypochlorite percentage and four times 2، 5، 7، 10 min and two witness (healthy seed and lack of infection and infection seed to Aspergillus fungi and without treatment). The results of variance analyzing indicated that there was significant (p<0. 05) effectives of concentration and times of utilized sodium hypochlorite on length rootlet، length shoot let، dry weight shoot let، dry weight rootlet. The most length is rootlet concerned to concentration 4% and length shoot let is concerned to concentration 6%، 7 min and dry weight shoot let and dry weight rootlet are concerned to concentration 8%، 5 min. It was concluded that it is possible to use the concentrations differences found in this research to improve the components of germination under suboptimal temperatures and it is also possible to improve the base and optimal temperatures in wheat.