جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « برنامه ریزی چندهدفه » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد کشاورزی »

Due to the negative effects of agricultural production activities on the environment, especially water and soil pollution, one of the most important decisions in the agricultural sector is the optimal allocation of resources. This decision should be in such a way that while maximizing the profit of farmers, it will result in less environmental effects. This action is often done by determining the optimal cropping pattern (CP). In this research, by quantifying the economic, social and environmental effects, a compatible CP with agricultural resources was presented by using a multi-objective planning model.

The social effects of different agricultural crops were calculated using various indicators such as social solidarity, social security, participation and quality of life through interviews with farmers. The environmental effects and economic efficiency of the CP were also considered through the concept of life cycle assessment (LCA) and gross margin per ha, respectively. Further, by calculating socio-economic and environmental indicators, the optimal CP was formulated by developing a multi-objective function based on maximizing profit, reducing water and fertilizer consumption, reducing negative environmental effects of production and improving social indicators. In order to solve the multiple programming model, the method of weighted LP-metric model was used. The information required in this study included information on the production pattern, consumption of inputs, price and yeild of major agricultural crops of Sari County.

The results showed that considering the social indicators, the least attention of the farmers was related to corn and onion, and the five priority crops were identified as wheat, cotton, lentils, rice and canola, respectively. The results of LCA showed that the cultivation of tobacco, canola and corn in this city have the most negative environmental effects. In the optimal CP by combining economic, social and environmental goals, alfalfa, cotton and corn were removed from the stydy area, and the cultivated area of cucumber and clover showed positive changes compared to the current pattern. Also, the cultivated area of the cereal decreaseed in the areaChanges in the cultivated area of barley were predicted more than wheat and rice. The total cultivated area reduced by 15%, resulting in 12.91% and 14.46% reduction in water and fertilizer consumption, respectively. In addition, the efficiency of the program in the studied area decreased by 12.97%.

The development of environmental goals in the implementation of CP programs requires that policymakers consider appropriate economic incentives for farmers. Therefore, policy makers should find suitable solutions to make the farmers to follow the proposed CP.

Red meat plays an important role in providing animal protein of Iranian households. However, its supply has experienced some challenges stemming from exchange rate fluctuations, smuggling livestock to the neighboring countries, and importing frozen meat financed by subsidized currency. In addition, there has been significant emphasis on self-sufficiency and providing the red meat domestically. On the other hand, based on Falcon Mark index, Iran has encountered water tension, the situation that may be getting worse as self-sufficiency is more focused. Regarding the problem, this study aimed at investigating different scenarios of domestically-produced and import of red meat with due consideration of simultaneously minimizing the costs of red meat and water use. For this purpose, multiobjective programing was applied using data for 2000-2018 in which minimization of spending for domestic consumption and water footprint embodied in domestic production was included. The selected scenarios were different combinations of the weights for minimization objectives. The results showed that depending on the weights assigned to the objectives, providing 30-40 percent of domestic need from domestically produced red meat was recommended while the remaining need might be provided via imports. The findings revealed that recommended combination for domestically-produced and imported red meat could reduce the spending on domestic need and water footprint significantly, resulting in 63 percent and 42 percent reduction in water use and cost spending, respectively; in addition, greenhouse gas emissions would be reduced. These results are the result of importing sheep meat from Australia or cattle meat with bones from Brazil. In spite of a significant reduction in the objectives’ values, the selected countries for import revealed a low diversity.

The general purpose of this study is to develop a cultivation model based on reducing the level of chemical fertilizer application in the Pariz section of Sirjan city located in Kerman province. In order to explain the objectives of the study, a multi-objective planning approach was used. Also, due to the difference between the activity scale of farmers, first using cluster analysis and based on the activity scale were divided into two groups (farmers with less than 3 hectares of cultivated area and farmers with more than 3 hectares of cultivated area). Finally, the cultivation patterns were prioritized using the fuzzy approach. The results of optimal patterns for the first group of farmers showed that only two wheat and barley crops were selected in the optimal patterns. Based on the results, the optimal model for the first group of operators has less product variety than the current model. The results showed that for the second group of farmers, in the pattern of minimum chemical fertilizer consumption, the maximum gross yield remained at its current level while the amounts of water and chemical fertilizer consumption are lower than the current model for the second group of farmers. The results of ranking different patterns using fuzzy approach according to the objectives of increasing gross yield, reducing water consumption and chemical fertilizers in the second group of users showed that lower priority patterns are patterns that preferably maintain gross returns at its current level.

In this study to determine optimum crop pattern of the county of Molasani, linear multi-objective planning model include economic, social and environmental objectives has been used in two phases. In the first phase of the study, the uncertainty in the data is ignored, but in the second phase, the mentioned feature is included and the results of each of them are discussed separately. Necessary data were collected from government agencies for the 2014-15 crop year and the models were coded in GAMS software. According to the results in the first phase, barely acreage increased from 4 to 5.74 thousand hectares (43.55 percent) and vegetables acreage increased from 300 to 410 hectares (37.38 percent). Also, in this phase rapeseed acreage decreased from 500 to 120 hectares (75.34 percent) and wheat acreage decreased by 12.43 percent. In the second phase of the study, it was found that there is a mutual relationship between the benefits of the optimal cropping pattern and the level of protection against uncertain data; such that by increasing the level of deviation from constraint from 10% to 50%, the gross profit decreases by 2.5%. The results can help agricultural decision makers achieve the goal of maximizing profit, averaging 5% more than the current cropping pattern, by considering several different goals and avoiding wastage of scarce and valuable resources.

The issue of subsidies and the effects on costs and followed by consumption pattern of inputs، must be noted to the optimization of inputs energy consumption. The purpose of this study is optimization of energy use in agricultural sector in Kashmar district using information of 2009-2010. The model used is multi-objective programming with interval parameter. First، energy input of products and consumption share of energy inputs in production was estimated and then optimization of energy consumption in the agricultural sector was considered with regard to the objectives and constraints and optimal cropping pattern was presented with regard to different levels of available inputs. Finally، regard to the energy equivalent inputs، optimal value of energy consumption for each input was calculated in different levels of risk. The results showed that there is a less difference between actual and optimal energy consumption of inputs in risk free conditions rather than conditions that risk values is 1. 65 and 1. 95. In the model with risk conditions، the difference between actual and optimal energy consumption levels was increased. Water at all levels has the most difference in actual and optimal values and nitrate fertilizer showed minimal differences. Finally، use of products with less water needs، and determining the amount of input energy of different irrigation methods and also optimal use of the other inputs are suggested.

One of the current challenges in water resource management is its optimum allocation among various sectors and consumptions. The problem is becoming worse due to the population growth and increasing demand, step by step. In this study, the management of water resources in Savojbolagh was examined using Multi Objective Programming Model. According to the model, the optimum allocation rate of water was specified, and its variation percentage was compared with the existing conditions. Results showed that, the optimum pumping level increases during the hot months of the year. Furthermore, the crop cultivated area showed a noticeable decrease in a dry year in comparison to a wet year. The optimum pumping rate was also less than the current pumping rate in different months of the year. On the basis of the findings, to avoid more damage to the groundwater resources level in the region, it is necessary that both the water management resources policies and the water management of supply and demand should be reexamined and be taken into consideration again, together.