جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "دانش آموختگان کشاورزی" در نشریات گروه "اقتصاد کشاورزی"

While Agricultural engineering, technical and consulting companies have been purposed as a mechanism for developing agriculture sector and increasing employment opportunities for agricultural graduates; providing sustainable qualitative services for farmers and income for their members is dependent on their competitiveness and so developing entrepreneurship in them. Thus, this study was conducted to examine the entrepreneurship development barriers in Isfahan province Agricultural engineering, technical and consulting companies. Using a twostage sampling method, 102 people were selected from 500 organization members. Data was collected through a questionnaire the validity of which was confirmed by a panel of experts. The reliability of the study was assessed through Cronbach’s-Alpha which was 0.89. Findings revealed that, the instability in policies on agricultural sector, loan taking out cumbersome laws, lack of capital and cash flow, lack of security for investing in agricultural sector and lack of attention to agriculture sector by government were most important variables. Factor analysis categorized the examined variables in seven factors including: educational, business environment, zoning problems, agricultural specific barriers, monitoring organizations’ obstacles and problems related to members’ factors.

Self-employment among the agricultural graduates is one of the most important issues in Iran. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to analyze implications and challenges of how should be developed self-employment among agricultural graduates by a qualitative method. This study was done in two steps. First step was conducted by a Delphi technique during three phases with participation of 25 experts on self-employment include agricultural economic experts, faculty members, staff directors of cooperative department and pioneer entrepreneurs. The second step was done through a content analysis process. A purposeful sampling method was used to select the samples. The results were theoretically saturated by 26 challenges about creating and developing self-employment among the agricultural graduates. Finally, four main themes were extracted and grouped i.e. organizational- institutional, economical, socio- cultural and personal-professional. According to results of this study, some recommendations have been presented at the end of the article.

Abstract Unemployment of university graduates is one of the most important challenges in Iran. Taking into account the capacity of the agricultural sector in Iran, the problem of agricultural graduate unemployment can be solved by enhancing entrepreneurship. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate and identify the factors affecting entrepreneurship of the agricultural graduates of Urmia University. The statistical population of this study consisted of agricultural graduates who had studied in Urmia University and succeeded to start and maintain a business. 120 graduates were selected by using purposeful and snow ball sampling formula. Data was collected through a questionnaire that the validity of which was approved through expert's views and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach-Alpha coefficient as 0.79. The findings of the research showed that achievement motivation and training were the most important factors affecting entrepreneurship of the graduates. The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that achievement motivation and training were the most influential variable in entrepreneurship of the graduates and six variables including achievement motivation, training, experience, risk taking, independence and tolerance of ambiguity could explain 57.7 percent of variation in dependent variable (entrepreneurship).

Identifying the skills required in the labor market for graduates and strengthening them will have major role in increasing their access to employment opportunities. The purpose of this study was to measure occupational empowerment of agricultural graduates and mechanisms for strengthening it. Agricultural graduate students in Zanjan University formed the research population (n=101). The validity of the questionnaire was approved by a panel of academic experts. Pre-test and calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficients were used to measure the reliability (0.87 - 0.94). The results showed that the average score of occupational empowerment of respondents was 7.04 out of 20 indicating weakness of situation. Using exploratory factor analysis, strategies for improving occupational empowerment of agricultural graduates were summarized to seven factors including: increasing government support, increasing relationship between the university and Agricultural Ministry, making structural changes in education, vocational training during study, making changes in educational content, changing in accepting students practices and revising curriculum. 64% of the total variance of strategies for improving occupational empowerment was explained by these seven factors.

Scientificand practicaltrainingwith an emphasis onoperation andapplication of what is taught and having an empiricalapproachto education isa more suitable approach for creating jobs. Preparation of educational needs of the agricultural sector by scientificand practicaltraining and providingemploymentin agreement with education and skills is one of the most important programs in order to achieve the objectives of comprehensive development of the country. An imbalance seems to exist between the processes and materials in university courses and the skills and abilities needed by the labor market and this is the most importantreason for the failureof the university graduatesin finding employment. This studyhas beendone for understandingthe type of jobof agricultural graduatesof training center of Jihad-e-Keshavarzi in Mashhad and the factor saffecting their employment. This study is an applied research and the statistical population is 167 and includes all the students who had earned a Bachelor’s degree who had come to receive their graduation certificates in 2011. The dependent variable is type of job which includes five categories of employment in the public sector related to education، employ men unrelated to the government، employment related tothe privatesector andthe unemployed who were seeking workin the private sector. Independent variables includegender،quotainuniversityadmissions، the level of interestin thefield of study،satisfaction withthe discipline، evaluationand trainingof graduatesofvocational skillsacquired incollegegraduates''assessmentof thework culturein the societyand evaluation oflack ofcapitalas a factor preventingemployment in the academicfield. Information was collected through questionnaires and the multiple probit mode lwas used. The results ofthe survey showthatjobsof graduates are divided intofour categoriesincluding: Related to the field of study and governmental job (21%)، non-related to field of study and governmental job (25. 5%)، related to field of study and private job (25. 7)، non-related to field of study and private job (8. 4%)، and 41. 5% of graduates wereunemployed. 77% of the statistical population said that the cause of unemployment is lack of capital. The variables of professionalism and evaluation of work culture in the statistical population was intermediate. The model showed that gender، field of study choice based on the level of interest، satisfaction with the studies، andlack of capital as a barrier to employment، and evaluation of the educational and professional skills acquired during the studieshave a significantimpact on employment. The regression equation as a whole is significant. According to this، thelikelihoodof womenworkingingovernmentjobsand privateand non-private was lower than that of men. With increasinginterestin thefield of study،the possibility ofworkinginrelated and unrelatedprivate jobsincreased. By increasing thedegreeofsatisfaction، the possibility ofworkingingovernmentjobsincreased. The lack of funds for activities in the field of employment is one of the problems. Therefore، the more thelack of capitalto start andcontinueis highlighted، the more thetendency of people toget employed in a public officeand to avoidthe possibility ofsetting upprivate businesses is. Aboutthe possibility of working in unrelated government jobs، none of the variablesshoweda significant relationship. And the possibility ofworkinginprivatejobs، genderandlevel ofinterest inthe choiceof the field of studyshoweda significant relationship. Women are facing more difficulties than men in employmentin the agricultural sector. Therisk ofunemploymentis higheramong womengraduates since the usual trend is to create better condition and motivations formale farmerswho live in villages. Also they should be given them some low-interest loans usingbank’s financialresources until economicactivitiesare undertaken by them according totheir knowledge. Moreover، the role of themotivations، creativity andinnovation، creatingvalue-addedproducts، and thefunctional andoperationaltraininginhigher education centersofagriculture must be emphasized. Thelack of capitalasa major obstaclein this fieldmust also beconsidered. Special attention should be to theeducational and professionalskillsacquiredin the schoolthat could result inself-employedjobsin the private sectorandevenself-employedjobs in the agricultural sector. Activating skill development centers andentrepreneurshipinthe applied sciencelearning centers must be aimed at providing aplaceof interaction anddialogue which canplay a constructive roleinthe futureemploymentof graduates،and theidentification oftalents too. Given that themajority ofgraduateshave suggested thatcareerguidance has not been provided for them، the role of such centersisalso of high importance.