جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ژنوم » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد کشاورزی »

Increasing world population and food supply is one of the challenges facing mankind. One of the most important and effective ways to increase food production is the use of genetic engineering; and CrisperCas9 is one of the new known and accurate genome editing methods. Simplicity of use, cheaper, accuracy and proper efficiency are among the most important features of this technology that make it different from other similar methods. CrisperCas9 is somehow related to the immune system related to a short sequence of DNA. In fact, CRISPR is the prokaryotic immune system that creates resistance to external threats, such as DNA phages, plasmids, and viruses. This system has three main parts. A part of it is CrRNA which has a repetitive sequence. which is complementary to the sequence in Trac RNA. CrRNA binds to the target site through its complement, and the Trac RNA sequence also binds to its complement, which is the repetitive sequences in CrRNA. This spatial structure causes the Cas9 protein to be called to the target site. In the food industry, the CRISPR system can be used as a powerful tool in the management of fermentation products for its use in increasing phage resistance, plasmid vaccination, genome editing, and antibacterial activities, which are reviewed in this article.

The feature of living organisms stem from their genetic potential which is called genome. By changing the sequence and number of the four nucleotides that form the genome, various organisms are created. In different cellular conditions, the three-dimensional structure of the genome is changed and the expression of the genes are also altered; therefore genome can be considered as an ecosystem. The processing of the genomic ecosystem, like any other ecosystems, is necessary in order to better understand the more appropriate productivity. On the other hand, breeding of plants and livestocks as a genome manipulation is essential due to rapid growth of the population. By modifying a specific trait or gene at the time of manipulation, other traits and genes may be changed, after which a long and costly process is required to reduce the impurities. In this process, ecosystem of the genome and the expression of different genes can be permuted, which cause different complications. Effort to increase the yields while disregarding the native and modified resistant plants, leads to the degradation of the ecosystem. Also, one of the main concerns in some communities is health problems, such as the deficiency of certain vitamins, which can be resolved through the use of modern biotechnology. With the progression of biotechnology, not only the limitations of genome modification will be eliminated, but it is also possible to edit specific genome section that minimized the adverse impact on genome ecosystem and maximized its benefits.