جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « کارایی بازار » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد کشاورزی »

Regarding the importance of walnut production in Hamedan province, this research has been carried out to investigate the marginal marketing issues and market efficiency of walnut production in TuyserkanTownship. In this regard, retailers, wholesalers, total margins, the share of marketing factors, marketing cost coefficient and the efficiency for walnut production market are calculated. Collecting required information have been done by interview and completing 90 questionnaires through random classification sampling at the level of producer, wholesaler and retailer in 1392. The results showed that the total marketing margin for walnut with dry skin was equal to 52130 Rls.per kg. Shares of retailer, wholesaler and producer were 17.3, 10.7 and 72 percent, respectively. Technical inefficiency was much higher than prie inefficiency and total inefficiency was 36.9 percent. The results show that retail and wholesale prices have positive and significant effect on marketing margin. However, the effects of the product value, marketing cost and production on marketing margin have not been confirmed. At the end, according to the research objectives, the appropriate policy implications are presented.

Continuous fluctuations in the prices of agricultural commodities have a significant effect on the situation of countries, especially developing countries in the world. In the short term, the impact of price shocks on imports of agricultural commodities and balance of payments and foreign exchange reserves is considerable in developing countries and it has negative effects on social security programs in these countries. In the long- run, these fluctuation effects on specialization of resources in production and development in agricultural sector delays. If price volatility to rise out of the market principals, increases in commodity prices in special times and for special products translates to bubble pick. Friedman’s theory on efficient markets underlines that, given rational behavior and rational expectations, the price of an asset will always reflect market fundamentals. Therefore, the main question is whether the forces of demand and supply, or explosive behavior (bubbles) generate price volatility mutations. If price volatility is due to market demand and supply conditions, a series of policies, including reducing demand or increase in supply can be effective to reduce volatility. However, if price fluctuations are for reasons beyond market factors, changes in supply or demand fluctuations may be more severe and worsen the situation of the producer and the consumer. Hence, it is important, especially for policy makers to determine that whether the market factors or factors outside of market cause fluctuations in the market.
Material and In the present study, by applying the generalized version of the sup augmented Dickey-Fuller (GSADF) test, bubble behavior identified. For this test, time series data from 2002 to 2013 that collected on a monthly basis, was used. Study variables include the chicken and beef prices. Since in the internal investigations, discussing for speculative bubbles in commodities in agricultural products not addressed, it is important to address this issue. These products, select from this perspective that these goods regularly have price volatility over the past years (mainly increase) and therefore, faced with mass and low production. As a result, consumers sometimes have not access to a sufficient quantity of these goods or the supply too much in some periods and vice versa.
Our findings suggest that food commodities exhibited bubble behavior during mentioned years. These mutations of explosive behavior are, in general, short-lived. Assessing trends in the price of chicken show those four cycles of bubble behavior have seen for this product. In the meat market, there are important reasons and factors behind these fluctuations. Fluctuations in the price of inputs, especially after subside targeting in Iran in 2010, increasing the general level of prices and inflation, consumer cross-sectional volatility (changes in demand) and low ability to store the meat for a long time, not full replacement of fresh poultry meat to freeze and finally and the most important factor the elimination of subsidies for agricultural inputs in recent years are the important factors that affect price and production volatility in recent years in Iran meat industry. For the price of beef, just two short-term and long-term bubbles appear in the studied period. Rising meat prices due to the rising cost of inputs such as animal fodder and a variety of animal feed, animal drugs, high cost of packaging, transportation problems, related to subsidize livestock inputs, labor and the total inflation are the most important factors for price fluctuations in beef meat.It should be noted that price fluctuations in the price of chicken meat are more and more severe than the price of red meat. The reason for more fluctuations in the price of chicken meat is that per capita consumption of chicken meat is larger than red meat and the level of price for this meat is lower than red meat. Therefore, customers can buy it even when the price of chicken meat increases from its mean. The price of red meat is about 4 to 5 times of chicken meat and therefore volatility in the price of red meat can considerably affect on real income and consumption by consumers.
Considering the results and given the importance and influence of external factors on the price volatility of food commodities, we propose the strategies for reducing price volatility mutations and thus reduce the bubble behavior, such that it can be mentioned to apply the appropriate policy of import and export to control the market fluctuations and prices. It is recommended that the daily and monthly prices of major agricultural products such as meat, scrutinized and assessed carefully in order to determine the real parts of price fluctuations for better policy considerations.

Efficient fish marketing is a useful instrument for developing fishery industry and its sustainability. This study attempts to investigate fish market using data collected among 90 fishermen and 39 middlemen in Hormozgan Province. The results indicates that fishermen's share of consumer price was relatively low. In addition, due to inefficientcooperative performance in Bandar Lengeh, marketing margin in Bandar Lengeh was less than Bandar Abbas. Lack of market information, financial and infrastructural facilities were among important problems faced by fishermen. Based on the findings of thestudy, establishment of cooperatives and vertical integration are recommended to improve market performance.

In this study, a sample of 302 farmers and a sample of 227 traders from Kerman and Fars provinces were interviewed during 2006 and 2007 and pistachio marketing channels were investigated. For calculating and analyzing market margins, Charles and Gray method was used. Also, Shepherd method was applied for determining of market efficiency. The results indicated that pistachio is sold in spot prices, just after harvesting, because of financial and technical problems, needs for liquidity and distrust conditions. These factors, also, resulted in abundance of direct relationship between farmers and exports, despite of higher profit existed. Comparing marketing margins and costs showed that pistachio trading is profitable and there is high economic rent in exporting markets. Thus, marketing efficiency is low in pistachio market. Detailed investigations showed that economic rent in pistachio market is not as a result of trading but it is because of financial limitation and returns to the owner of credit resources. Finally, for enhancing pistachio market efficiency, it was proposed to establish terminals for pistachio processing and common storages, to reform financial markets, to increase trust among market agents, to make pistachio exporting perfect and to differentiate between commodity and financial markets.

Mazandaran province is one of the forerunner provinces in producing and exporting citrus in Iran and it is one of the largest ten producers of this crop in the world. In this paper, the citrus market of the province has been analyzed by emphasized on center of the province. Market margins, share of marketing factors, market efficiency and factors affected market margins were estimated by using the Mark-up model. The export advantage of citrus produced in the province was determined by calculating export advantage indices. For this purpose, 54 producers, 46 wholesalers and 46 retailers were surveyed in the period of 1385-86. Results indicated that market margins proportion to producer price in this market were considerably high, retail market margin was more than wholesale market margin and producer share of marginal price was low (48.59%), marketing cost coefficient were around 31%. The results showed that the province export advantage compare to the whole country was quite high. However, the province had export disadvantage in comparison with world export. Also, results implied that retail price had more effect than marketing costs on market margins.