جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Derived Demand » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد کشاورزی »

Given the ever-increasing demand for wheat as an Input production in developing countries and the necessity of this product in the household basket, the accurate modeling of the Wheat demand function and determining effective factors for planning, as well as predictions for timely provision with low economic and social costs is important. In this study using underlying trend concept and creating a state - space model and kalman filter algorithms the wheat demand was estimated with emphasis on consumer preferences as a production input (derived demand) during 1982-2017. The results are non-smooth and Nonlinear trend (consumer preferences). Income and pricing elasticity of wheat derived demand less than one were estimated to be -0.0270 and 0.2148, respectively. So from one side Wheat was identified as An essential product with a high degree of urgent need and on the other hand price and income policies are not efficient enough to reduce consumption; So according to consumer preferences and the necessity of this product in the household basket, saving policy and consume right along with reducing waste it is suggested. Increasing efficiency in the conversion industry is one of the other ways to properly consume and reduce the ever-increasing demand for this product. The results of the prediction (in 2023, the projected amount is 24.48 million tons) with respect to consumer preferences in the model showed an increasing trend in wheat demand. Therefore, policymakers on the one hand can reduce demand by making decisions and the other hand provide the wheat needed for the conversion industry.

Considering the importance of groundwater resources, this study aims to estimate and compare the amount of demand for irrigation water and sustainability of ground water resource, in Bahar-Hamadan plain, under alternative policies and models of exploitation. For this purpose, the water demand function driven from a crop cost function, developed and estimated. The needed data collected from a survey through multi-stage classified sampling method. Results showed that in current condition or government intervention and legal control, the amount of water extracting equals 15855 m3 per hectare. This level of extracting is high and non-sustainable. In contrast, the amount of water extraction for perfect participation by water users in exploitation model, estimated to be equal 9182 m3 per hectare; which could be considered as the best alternative model for decreasing water use and reaching the sustainable allocation of water.

Demand for farm output is theoretically consistent with consumer demand and marketing performance. Many studies have focused on demand interrelationships at the retail level، but not on the demand for farm output. In this study، derived demand elasticities of sheep، beef and chicken were estimated in a complete system of demand functions by seemingly unrelated regression estimator (SURE) for the years 1984-2012. Sheep، beef and chicken are considered as inputs for food processing and marketing and so their corresponding derived demands are related to consumer demand and marketing performance. Based on findings of this study، the elasticities of substitution are estimated to be 0. 26 for sheep، 0. 38 for cattle and 0. 32 for poultry. The results showed that derived demand elasticity is more sensitive than the one measured by the traditional method. The price elasticities of the derived demands for the three types of meat were calculated-0. 922، -0. 775 and -0. 716 for sheep، beef and chicken، respectively. This presents that demands at the farm level are less elastic than the associated demands at the retail level. Therefore، policies that change meat price at farm or retail level affect marginal markets of other meat products. According to the results of this study، it is necessary for policy makers to have information on the derived demand elasticity.