جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « consumer preferences » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد کشاورزی »

The first and most basic premise of presenting and developing economic theories in the field of consumer behavior is the rational behavior of the consumer and the accuracy of the studies and surveys conducted in the field of demand and consumption depends on the validity of the assumption of rational consumer behavior. In this study, we have tried to test the presence of structural breaks in the Iranian consumer preferences for meat portfolio. For this purpose, the non-parametric approach of testing the weak, strong and generalized axioms of revealed preferences, Afriat efficiency index, Kruskal-Wallis statistical test and De Peretti graphical method have been used to study the rational behavior and stability of consumers' preferences of meat portfolio in Iran. According to the obtained results, the behavior of the consumers of the meat portfolio in the period 1993-2017 was rational and can be interpreted by a concave, continuous, uniform and unsaturated utility function. Therefore, this data can be used to estimate the demand function in the mentioned time period or smaller sub-periods which the precondition of that is the existence of a neoclassical utility function.

Rice is a very important food product in providing national food security for the Iranian families. There are different types of rice in Iran that are selected and consumed by consumers. Consumers are looking for more desirable features for consumption. The average annual consumption of Iranian rice in Iran is about 1.33 million tons, while it is 1.30 million tons for foreign rice. One of the most important key factors in the success of producers is to pay attention to the preferences and tastes of consumers. Any change in the product and service should be made taking into account the definition of quality from the perspective of the consumer and in accordance with their preferences and tastes. Existence of foreign rice, especially Indian and Pakistani rice in the domestic market due to the close quality with similar samples of Iranian production, low price, abundant advertising and proper packaging, have changed the preferences of Iranian consumers for rice, so, high consumption of imported rice have raised concerns about creating a kind of loyalty to foreign products. The quality and variety of Iranian products can be improved by knowing the tastes and desires of consumers led to increase per capita consumption of Iranian products relative to its similar foreign types and raise farmers’ incomes. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify and prioritize the factors affecting consumer preferences in the selection of Iranian and foreign rice in Mashhad city.

Data of 384 rice consumers in Mashhad city were collected using a questionnaire design and surveys sampling. In the qualitative section, after identifying related factors, the views of experts were examined through semi-structured interviews and the seven main factors include product appearance, quality, health, price, packaging, distribution and promotion were identified in the form of 20 variables (sub-factor). In the inferential analysis section, seven main factors were ranked using structural equations and Friedman test.

The results showed that quality, health, product appearance, packaging, distribution, price and promotion had the greatest impact on the consumers choice for Iranian and foreign rice, respectively. All rice consumers chose rice to consume, which first of all has a pleasant aroma both before and after cooking, and also does not have small pieces of rice at the time of purchase and has a suitable taste after cooking. Also, rice health is the second component that consumers pay attention to, they choose rice that is sure it is organic as well as being free of toxins and fertilizers. The grain appearance of the product include grain length, post-cooking appearance and its color at the time of purchase is located in third rank. The next rank is related to product packaging including packaging type (bulk or package), package appearance and listed information on the package. Distribution of rice products is located in fifth rank, which is divided into store location and access to the store. The final rankings were related to price and advertising such as the type of media, public relations and encouragement to buy the product. Post-cooking taste, purity, post-cooking aroma, aroma and smell at the time of purchase, post-cooking texture of rice, and choice of rice type by the citizens of Mashhad city have a negative and significant relationship, respectively. In other words, those who consume Iranian rice pay more attention to these variables in their selection than those who consume foreign rice. In choosing rice, the type of packaging and its size are not the first priorities of buyers, but it plays a significant role in the marketing. Based on our results, if Iranian and foreign rice are at the same price, consumers tend to consume Iranian rice because of the pleasant aroma and taste. TV commercials cannot affect consumer choice, because rice is a product that must be seen by the consumer when buying and the decision to buy is made after checking the rice appearance.

Focusing on producing a healthy product, producing cultivars with better post-cooking appearance, eliminating government currency and removing foreign rice price bias, as well as focusing on quality instead of high cost on advertising can improve the level of rice production can enhancing consumer satisfaction as well as improving the situation of rice production and rural income and employment.

Consumer rational behavior is the first and most basic presupposition of the development of economic theories in the field of consumer behavior. Demand studies are correct and investable when the demand and utility model is based on a good approximation of the utility function and the actual demand, and this hypothesis is untestable, so the validity of the rational behavior hypothesis should be fixed and the only test to perform that application of the principles of preferences has been revealed. The existence of a generalized principle of revealed preferences for a series of consumption data is a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a concave, continuous, uniform, and irreducible utility function that interprets these observations rationally. The purpose of this study is to investigate the hypothesis of rational behavior and the test of changing the preferences of cereal basket consumers in urban households using the principles of revealed preferences, a non-systematic effects test method for the period 1976-2014.

Given the ever-increasing demand for wheat as an Input production in developing countries and the necessity of this product in the household basket, the accurate modeling of the Wheat demand function and determining effective factors for planning, as well as predictions for timely provision with low economic and social costs is important. In this study using underlying trend concept and creating a state - space model and kalman filter algorithms the wheat demand was estimated with emphasis on consumer preferences as a production input (derived demand) during 1982-2017. The results are non-smooth and Nonlinear trend (consumer preferences). Income and pricing elasticity of wheat derived demand less than one were estimated to be -0.0270 and 0.2148, respectively. So from one side Wheat was identified as An essential product with a high degree of urgent need and on the other hand price and income policies are not efficient enough to reduce consumption; So according to consumer preferences and the necessity of this product in the household basket, saving policy and consume right along with reducing waste it is suggested. Increasing efficiency in the conversion industry is one of the other ways to properly consume and reduce the ever-increasing demand for this product. The results of the prediction (in 2023, the projected amount is 24.48 million tons) with respect to consumer preferences in the model showed an increasing trend in wheat demand. Therefore, policymakers on the one hand can reduce demand by making decisions and the other hand provide the wheat needed for the conversion industry.

Due to the importance of production and consumption of milk and dairy products, this study with purpose of investigation the consumers’ preferences and its affecting factors have been done as the nested logit model in the Sari city in 2018. Sample size was selected based on simple random sampling method and 275 questionnaires have been collected. The results show that yogurt, milk and cheese have the most preferences among the dairy products and consumers have more tendencies to low fat dairy products than full fat. The study results of affecting factors on selecting of each the diverse dairy products and individual preferences revealed that price and family cost decrease the probability of dairy products choosing and age, education and attention to sport variables increase its probability. Marketing mix variables (p4) were also considered as factors influencing the selection of dairy products. Marketing managers, especially in dairy market by using of these results can improve their products based on consumers tend and preferences.

Rice is a strategic crop with a strong presence in Iranian household food basket. This study aimed at investigating the consumers' preferences for rice using the choice experiment method and conditional logit model in Rasht city of Iran. The required data were collected through the 149 questionnaires completed from households in 2016. Six attributes of rice and their related levels were considered to describe the changes in rice, including size of rice grain, types of rice packaging, taste of rice, rice producing country, food safety and price attribute. The study results indicated that consumers had the most willingness to pay for local rice, so that each household in Rasht city was willing to pay 61000 IR rials per kg for the local rice. Accordingly, improving the level of education and enhancing the public awareness and knowledge of the rice attributes through the media (particularly, information on organic products and their benefits, the consequences of the use of fertilizers and chemical pesticides as well as the consumption consequences of imported rice) may contribute to support the organic and local rice while to meeting the demand and consumer preferences as well.

In analysing consumer rational behaviour, the proof of a neoclassical utility function for consumption data is inevitable. Researches of demand functions will be correct when the demand function and the basis of utility are a good approximation of the utility function and the actual demand. In this study, the revealed preferences method was used to test the stability and structural failure in Fars province's consumer preferences for the oil from 1990 to 2016. Based on the results, only three violations were found in the total data in the years 2002 & 1993, 2003 & 1997, 2004 & 1997. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed that these inconsistencies weren't due to change in preferences and may be unstable due to errors in measurements or nonlinear momenta, and the assumption of rational behaviour was confirmed. Thus, the consumption data of the oil basket Fars province's households can be interpreted using a neoclassical utility function.

Continuing growth in human population and consumptionmeans that the global demand for food will increase for at least another 40 years and that the world needs 70-100% more food by 2050. Environmental issues such as climate change، depletion of naturalresources and biodiversity loss increasingly threaten the welfare ofhuman civilization. Confronting these threats requires، among otherthings، behavioral changes in citizens، governments and companies. Farmers and other producers are responding to consumer concerns about pesticides by creating new marketing opportunities for products grown with environmentally sound practices. Environmental economists are increasingly interested in better understanding of how people cognitively organize their beliefs and attitudes towards environmental change in order to identify key motives and barriers that stimulate or prevent action. The purpose of the presentinvestigation is to evaluate the consumers’ preferences and factors affecting their choice for conventional، healthy and organic cucumbers in Isfahan، Iran.

Data were collected on a sample of 230consumers in 2013 by using the proportionate stratification samplingmethod through face-to-face interviews based on a comprehensive structured questionnaire. Before the survey، the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were initially evaluated in a pre-test study، respectively، by using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) criteria. Individual preferences were uncovered in choice experiment method (CEM) by a contingent ranking experiment. In a contingent ranking experiment، respondents are required to rank a set of alternative options، characterized by a number of attributes، which are offered at different levels across the options. Data were analyzed by multinomial logit models. The approach consists of modeling utility، that isto say the net benefit a consumer obtains from selecting a specificproduct in a choice situation. Determining and arranging selected sets based on a review of studies and theoretical basis design scenarios of the experiment method، includes environmental characteristics، taste، appearance، price، duration of storage، the disease and the long-term complications.

Most of the respondents were female، with average age of 41. 6 years، academic education level (39. 5%) and the average monthly income of 9،760 thousand Rials. The results show that 77. 1%، 12. 4% and 10. 1% of consumers، respectively selected the healthy، organic and conventional crops as a first choice. Moreover، the consumer''s awareness towards healthy food products is low. According to the logistic regression results، the most important factors affecting the consumers'' healthier choices are income، consumer knowledge about the characteristics of healthy and organic crops، the level of consumer’s attitudes toward the importance of environmental protection and human health and having an elderly or sick member in the household. On the other hand، healthy shopping concern، age، gender، employment status and education have no significant impact on the consumer’s selection. In other words، the likelihood of choosing healthy and organic products is more in people who care about their health and nutritional status، as well as with more health consciousness، environmental concerns and knowledge regarding the risks of pesticides and characteristics of free of pesticide fruit and vegetables.

There is no difference between academic and non-academic respondent’s preferences for healthy crops، because of no general academic courses on the importance of environmental protection، healthy shopping، production and consumption of healthy and organic products in Iran''seducationalsystem. Moreover، attitude and awareness play fundamental rolesin consumers'' preferences. Willingness to pay for healthy food products in women is observed to be more than men. This could be due to the fact that housewives have more leisure time than men to make themselves aware. Also in most families buying and cooking raw materials is one of women''s responsibilities which enables them to be more cautious in selecting foods. Knowing the characteristics of healthy and organic cropsis one of the most important factors in choosing and purchasing these products. Since the elderly and ill people need more feeding care and have less resistance to harmful additives and preservatives in food products، their families are more willing to buy free of chemicals fruits and vegetables. Promoting the consumers awareness toward the benefits of healthy products could change their attitude about the importance of maintaining health and subsequently improve public health and the environment. Furthermore، it is necessary to adopt thestandardsin the process of healthy crop production and to monitor andto strengthenthe marketing system of healthy products such as guaranteeing labeling and appropriatepackaging.

Considering the clarification of negative effects of chemical medicine on human beings، tendency to use herbal medicine has been increasing. Herbal medicines provide an important alternative to health the conventional medicines. The combination therapy، using both herbal medicine and conventional medicine، caused the herbal medicine to become more important than ever before. The present study examines the individual preferences for different herbal medicines. The data was obtained from questionnaires filled in by respondents selected through random sampling from citizens of Tabriz city in the year 2011. A Logit model was estimated. The results showed that a direct relationship between individuals'' awareness about therapeutic effects of herbal medicines and their consumption exists. Furthermore، women''s tendency to consume herbal medicines was more than men. In addition، the people around the ages of 45 to 50 years showed fewer tendencies to consume herbal medicines whereas the consumption increases after the age 50. In conclusion، raising people awareness about therapeutic effects of herbal medicines not only improve the general health of consumers but raise consumers’ economic power due to less cost of herbal medicine to the chemical medicine.

In this study، change in the Iranian households’ preferences for red vs. poultry meat is investigated over the period of 1974-2006. To this end، a linear programming model is developed as based on Sakong and Hayes (1992) proposed methodology، while changes in preferences being estimated by in terms of variances in the estimated quantities of per capita consumption of these two commodities during the study period. Results indicate that per capita consumption of these commodities has varied for some of the years in the study period that cannot be explained by change in relative prices. However، given that the variances are not steady، one cannot conclude a permanent change in the Iranian households’ preference for either of these two food products. Based on the obtained to be all results، change in preferences has been positive for poultry meat while (for red meat) being positive (for some years) and negative for (some other years) throughout the whole study period. The accumulated sums of the quantity changes are 3. 3 and 5. 3 kilograms، respectively، for red vs. poultry meat.