جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "اقتصادی" در نشریات گروه "اکولوژی"

The implementation of combating desertification projects can not be considered apart from their socio-economic impacts. In recent years, many combating desertification projects such as mulching, planting resistant species and etc., have been implemented in the country. Many combating desertification projects have been implemented in Yazd province, including Meybod-Ashkezar. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of the implementation of combating desertification projects from the peoples’ point of view. To conduct the present research, the sample size was calculated using Cochran’s method, 286 samples. The questionnaire was designed based on the five-choice Likert scale and several items including 6 economic items, 5 social items and 7 management items were considered in the questionnaire and were randomly completed by people. Then, the priority of each item was checked using Friedman’s non-parametric test. The research results showed that the economic criteria, the effect of the implementation of afforestation and Meybod wind canal projects, reducing damage to agricultural lands and products with an average rating of 4.82, was placed as the first priority of people’s evaluation. In the next ranks, the reduction of damage to residential and industrial lands and the increase of agricultural and horticultural production per unit area were evaluated with an average 4.06 and 3.77, respectively. Regarding the people’s attitude towards the plan, the results showed that the people’s willingness to participate in the maintenance of the plan with an average rating of 3.30 is the first priority. Regarding the Peoples’ point of view to projects, the results showed that the people’s willingness to participate in the maintenance of the plan with an average rating of 3.30 is the first priority. Regarding the management criteria, reducing the influx of sands, reducing the production of dust and local storms, and Reduction of agricultural crop pests with average 5.52, 5.37, and 4.43 were placed in the next priority of public evaluation. Therefore, the positive effect of desertification projects has been well felt by the residents of the region, and it is appropriate to take measures to bring closer the officials of this sector and the local community for the purpose of better protection of natural resources.

Considering the importance of food security for the country growing population and the need for sustainability of agro-ecosystems, this study aimed to prioritizing the effective ecological, social and economic criteria for the sustainability of agro-ecosystems in the West Azerbaijan Province. Ecological, social and economic criteria were investigated 6, 7 and 5 sub-criteria. Data and information required in this study were collected using a group of professors, researchers and agricultural expert opinions and questionnaires in 2018. The criteria and sub-criteria were ranked by using of Delphi Fuzzy technique. The results showed that water resources limitation (W= 0.22) and lake of scientific knowledge (W= 0.25) were the most important sub-criteria respectively in ecological and social criteria. Among the ecological, economic and social criteria, economic criterion had the most effect on reducing the sustainability of agricultural production in the province and high production cost and low income of farmers were the most important (W= 0.27). Therefore, the problem of sustainable production in this province is the water resources limitation and consequently, low income of farmers and lake of scientific knowledge, so it seems appropriate to provide suitable cultivation patterns, use of modern irrigation systems, fallow for water storage, considering research budgets, increasing the educational and training classes for farmers can be useful.

With almost 870 million people worldwide chronically undernourished in 2012, the number of hungry people in the world remains unacceptably high. Reducing food insecurity and achieving sustainable food security are within reach, if such holistic actions as the quantification of food security at the household level are taken. Food security is defined as the permanent access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food for all people, in order to have an active and healthy life. Improving food security is about more than just increasing the quantity of energy intake, it is also about improving the quality of the food The main objectives of the study were (i) to conduct a quantitative analysis of food security in Marvdasht county and (ii) to determine factors affecting sustainable food security in the study area.
This study was performed in Marvdasht county, a county of Fars province in southwestern Iran. Accordingly, 500 rural and urban households were randomly selected from the study area and a descriptive-survey method was applied. Demographic, social and economic information was collected through general questionnaires and household food security was assessed by an 18-item Household food security questionnaire as recommended by USDA. The relation between parental education, household income and household size with household food insecurity status were determined by the Spearman correlation test. The state of household food insecurity in urban and rural areas as well as the relationship between household food insecurity and parental job(s), were determined using a chi-square test.
According to the results obtained from USDA questionnaires, the most important experiences of food insecurity in households were a concern that food would run out and that they could not afford to eat balanced meals and relied on only a few kinds of low-cost foods. The results of this study showed that food insecurity in Marvdasht was 73.8% (Food insecure without hunger was 35%, Food insecure with moderate hunger was 23%, Food insecure with severe hunger was 15.8%). Food insecurity in rural households was greater than in urban households. One of the reasons is the lower economic ability of rural households compared with urban households for food supply. In addition, the higher rates of illiteracy and unemployment in rural areas can be other reasons. Also, food insecurity in villages located far from cities was not significantly different from those located close to cities, reflecting that there is no difference between an unpleasant diet for everybody and the distance from the city. Food insecurity reduced with increasing level of parental education and household income. Food insecurity in households with children was more than in childless households and, in households with an unemployed father and a housewife mother, was greater than in other households.
Overall, the findings showed that food insecurity was largely related to social, economic and cultural factors. Poverty eradication and changing unsustainable and promoting sustainable patterns of consumption and production are vital for access to food security for all. Hence, development of appropriate programs for improving the socio- economic situation of households could reduce food insecurity in the study area.