جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « chamomile » در نشریات گروه « اکولوژی »

In order to study the effects of integrated application of organic and bio-fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), an experiment was conducted as randomized complete blocks design with six treatments and three replications at research field of Agriculture Company of Ran in Firouzkuh of Iran in 2013. The treatments were 4 t/ha vermicompost, 8 t/ha vermicompost, nitroxin biofertilizer, integrated application of 4 t/ha vermicompost and nitroxin, integrated application of 8 t/ha vermicompost and nitroxin and control (without fertilizer). The results showed that treatments had significant effects on studied traits, as the highest dry weight of plant (109 g/p), dried yield of flower (720 kg/ha), essential oil content (0.4%), essential oil yield (2.9 kg/ha) and chamazulene percent in essential oil (24.7%) in treatment of integrated application of 8 t/ha vermicompost and nitroxin were obtained. Also, the highest bisabolol A percent in essential oil (44.4%) in treatment of application of 4 t/ha vermicompost and the highest bisabolol B percent in essential oil (12.4%) in treatment of application of nitroxin were obtained. Generally, the highest yield and quantity and quality of essential oil in treatment of integrated application of 8 t/ha vermicompost and nitroxin were obtained.

Soil fertility refers to the ability of the soil to supply essential plant nutrients and soil water in adequate amounts and proportions for suitable plant growth. Organic fertilizers are derived from animal or plant matter such as cow manure. Organic fertilizers involve a slower release rate of nutrients than conventional watersoluble fertilizers and it decreases nutrient losses and enhances nutrient-use efficiency (Gliessman, 1998). Biological fertilizers contain living cells of efficient strains of microorganisms such as Azospirillum, Azotobacter Biofertilizers enhance microbial processes in the soil which augment the extent of availability of nutrients in a form easily assimilated by plants. Bio-fertilizers can be ranked in various groups based on their function (Manoly, 2008). Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is an important medicinal plant from the family Asteraceae that is commonly used to serve various medicinal purposes. This species is one of the most ancient medicinal herbs known to mankind (Baghalian et al., 2008).
In order to study the growth characteristics, flower yield and essential oil of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) as a medicinal plant affected by different fertilizer treatments, an experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad during the 2009-2010 growing season. An experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with four replications. Treatments were chemical fertilizer (100 kg.ha-1 urea, 60 kg.ha-1 K (K2O) and 100 kg.ha-1 P (P2O5), mycorrhiza, Nitroxin and Nitroxin mycorrhiza. K and P fertilizers added to the soil after land preparation. N was applied to the soil at three stages such as after planting time, one month after seedling emergence and before flowering stage. At planting time, 150 g soil with mycorrhiza fungi (Glomus intraradices) per plant was used under seed and seeds were inoculated with Nitroxin before planting time. Studied traits were height, flower number, flower diameter, dry weight of flower, fresh weight of flower and essential oil percentage and essential oil yield at six cuttings and total fresh and dry weights of flower and essential oil yield of chamomile. For statistical analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least significant difference test (LSD) at a 5% probability level were performed using SAS version 9.1.
The results showed that the effect of plant height stem, number, diameter, dry yield and fresh yield of flower, essential oil yield at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th cuttings and total flower number, total fresh yield and total dry yield of flower and essential oil yield of chamomile. The maximum flower number at different cuttings was observed in mycorrhiza Nitroxin. The maximum total flower number was recorded in mycorrhiza Nitroxin with 8556.67 flowers.m-2; it was higher than chemical fertilizer, mycorrhiza and Nitroxin up to 36, 107 and 18%, respectively. The highest essential oil yield was recorded in mycorrhiza Nitroxin with 4.4 g.m-2.
The results showed that growth and yield of flower and essential oil of chamomile were significantly affected by fertilizer treatments. So, it seems that the integrated application of mycorrhiza Nitroxin could be considered for growth and yield enhancement of this valuable medicinal plant based on sustainable agriculture.

In order to study the foliar application of ferrous sulfate and zinc sulfate on yield and nutrient concentration of German chamomile, a two-year experiment was carried out based on randomized complete block design with four replications at the Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture of the University of Tabriz in 2008 and 2009. Treatments were foliar application of Iron sulfate and Zinc sulfate separately and combined together at stem elongation, flowering, and both stages with a control. Results of ANOVA showed the significant effect on flower yield and concentration of phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, copper, zinc and iron. The highest flower yield (2125 kg/ha) was obtained from foliar application of ferrous sulfate and zinc sulfate at both two stages, that it was higher (57.3 percent) than control. The flower yield in the first year was 12.5 percent more than the second year. Foliar treatments with zinc sulfate at both stages of stem elongation and flowering, ferrous sulfate at stem elongation and zinc sulfate at flowering stage have the most concentration of phosphorus, magnesium, calcium respectively. The maximum concentration of iron, zinc and copper, respectively obtained from sprayed treatments with ferrous sulfate at both stages, zinc sulfate at stem elongation and ferrous sulfate at flowering stage that increased 80.1, 5. and 32.1 percent compared to the control. Thus, from this study concluded that foliar application of chamomile with ferrous sulfate and zinc sulfate can lead to flower yield improvement, increase of concentrations of nutrients and remove of their deficiency in the plant.