جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « germination » در نشریات گروه « اکولوژی »

An experiment was carried out to determine the effects of chelated zinc and nanoscale zinc oxide particles on tolerance salinity of barley. In the experiment, barley seeds were treated with different concentrations of chelated zinc (Zn-Chelated) and nanoscale zinc oxide (Nano-ZnO), and the effects of these treatments on seed germination, seedling vigor, plant growth, grain filling, and yield were studied. The inhibitory effect of nanoparticles and chelated zinc (1.5 ppm) was discovered.The results emphasize that water can be supplied to the barley followed by Zn-Chelated application with 0.5 ppm to get the desired results. With increasing salinity stress, seed germination and seedling vigor decreased sharply, so the highest obtained from control treatment and the lowest obtained from a salinity level of 18 dS m-1. The genotypes respond differently to salinity levels and alkaline soils. It seems that the Khatam genotype has more tolerance to salinity conditions. Consequently, an experiment was conducted in a strip-plot design with three replications. Based on the correlation coefficients, the kernel number per spike (KNS) showed the highest correlation with the grain yield in barley genotypes, followed by grain filling rate (GFR), maximum grain weight (MGW), thousand-kernel weight (TKW), number of spikes (NS), and saturation water deficit (SWD), respectively. Thus, not only a higher KNS and TKW, but also GFR, MGW, and proline in aboveground plant parts are crucial for successful tolerance in barley. These findings indicate that these agrophysiological traits could be key factors and useful tools for screening many samples in a short time.

In this study, the effect of burning plant debris on germination and growth of 7 different weed species was investigated. In general, burning plant residues reduced germination and growth rate of 7 studied weed species, but its effect on some was less than other studied species. The chemical effect of smoke depends on the type of weed, so that the chemical effect of smoke reduced the germination of portulaca oleracea and sorrel and increased the germination of wild oats compared to the control, but had no effect on the germination of barley, wild roe deer and leeks. In general, no significant difference was observed between soot and control treatments for germination percentage and germination rate, but fire and fire + soot treatments were significantly different from the control. Therefore, the reason for the reduced germination and germination rate of weeds after burning plant debris is the physical cause (heat) of the fire, not the chemical.

Fertigation plays an important role in the so-called circular economy since it relies on the reuse of water and nutrients; therefore, this method is fundamental for production in areas with scarce resources. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of fertigation of soil plots with sewage on soil attributes, germination of seeds, and growth of bean and corn.

Due to the low concentrations of macronutrients in the sewage, the applied dose was calculated based on the water deficit. Three plots cultivated with maize and three plots cultivated with beans were fertigated, while the same number of plots received irrigation and mineral fertilization in amounts equivalent to the dose of nitrogen administered in the sewage for comparison.

There was an increase in the cation exchange capacity (74.6%), nitrogen (10.4%), available phosphorus (190.5%), and organic matter (44.9%) contents in the fertigated soil compared to those in the soil of the plots that received chemical fertilization, resulting in greater germination and corn and bean growth. Analyses indicated that the coliform count in beans is below the detection limit of the technique used.

Based on the results obtained, there are indications that fertigation can provide improvements in soil attributes at values higher than those provided by chemical fertilization, reducing the need to apply these macronutrients and irrigation water to the soil. Furthermore, fertigation can be sanitary and safe, since the count of microorganisms in the beans was not higher than that recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).

Spring vetch in single and mixed crops forms a green mass in various meteorological conditions and is a member of the green conveyor. It is widely used in intermediate crops (mowing, repeated, stubble). Due to the fact that pure crops of spring vetch are lodged, oats, spring wheat, barley, etc. are used as support crops. Most of the zoned varieties of the universal grain type have medium-sized seeds and are distinguished by high grain and green mass productivity. In variety testing of spring vetch of three varieties belonging to different groups by seed size, it is of interest to use them. Small-seed varieties of spring vetch are universal, while large-seed grain forage varieties. The search for varieties that meet high requirements for tolerance, field germination and survival in joint crops is an urgent task.

Parkinsonia aculeata is a valuable medicinal plant in traditional medicine that is more adapted to tropical and subtropical arid regions and planted as an ornamental plant. Since, seed germination of P. aculeata does not occur easily, the current research was performed to test different dormancy breaking treatments on germination characteristics of P. aculeata.

The studied treatments included scarification with sandpaper, H2SO4 (98%), KNO3 (0.2%), soaking the seeds in 90 °C hot water for 15 minutes, Gibberellic acid (250, 500 and 100 ppm), leaching (placing the seeds in running water for 48 hours), combination of leaching treatment with KNO3, and combination of leaching treatment with Gibberellic acid (250, 500 and 100 ppm). To compare the results, distilled water was considered as control treatment. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was made with 13 treatments and 4 replications.

Results showed that there were significant differences between treatments on germination percent, germination speed, length of root, length of shoot and length of seedling and index of seed vigor (p<0.01). The seeds had more than 85% dormancy and applying leaching (germination percent, 75%) and scarification treatments (70%) as well as boiling water (57.5%) had the highest effect on releasing the seed dormancy compared to control (15%).

Since, one of the establishment problems of this plant is the seed dormancy period, using leaching for 48 hours will help in germination improvement of P. aculeata.

The present study aims to shed light on the effects of different treatments of gibberellic, salicylic and ascorbic acid on improving germination parameters of Zygophyllum atriplicoides under in vitro drought stress condition.

The experiment was conducted in a factorial in a completely randomized design. Five levels of drought stress (0, -0.3, -0.6, -0.9, and -1.2Mpa) with and without priming treatments were used in this experiment. The priming treatments included three levels of salicylic acid (100, 200, and 300mg/L), three levels of gibberellic acid (125, 250, and 500ppm), three levels of ascorbic acid (100, 200, and 300mg/L) and simultaneously distilled water were used as control. Each level of treatments had 4 replications and the total number of replications was 200. The studied traits included germination rate, germination percentage, rootlet length, shoot length, seedling length, and seed vigor index.

According to the results, priming improved germination rate, germination percentage, rootlet length, shoot length, seedling length, and seed vigor index. Among all priming levels, 250ppm gibberellic acid accounted for the highest effect on germination traits of this species under all drought stress conditions.

priming with gibberellic acid had significantly more impact on germination parameters under drought stress. Hence, this method serves as a promising step to improve the germination parameters of this plant.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of drought stress induced by using polyethylene glycol (PEG), heavy metals (Cd and Ni), and salinity (NaCl) on germination and seedling growth of Sinapis arvensis, an important medicinal plant in the Brassicaceae. The Sinapis arvensis seeds treatments contained i), control ii), PEG (5%, 10%, 15%), iii) NaCl (50, 100, 150 mM), iv) Cd+2 (50, 100, 150μM), and v) Ni+2 (50, 100, 150μM). The experiment used a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates per treatment. The experiments were performed in a programmed incubator at 25±2oC. Seed germination was recorded every day for 16 days. The root and shoot lengths of seedlings were measured after 16 days of incubation. Then, the seedlings were dried and root and shoot dry weights were measured. The results showed that germination percentage reduced with increasing concentrations of the tested factors. The maximum germination (97%) was observed in PEG (5%) and the minimum germination rate was recorded in NaCl (150 mM) with 41%. The maximum of root and shoot lengths were recorded in PEG (5%) and Ni (100μM) with 59 and 73 mm, respectively. Results showed that the maximum root and shoot fresh and dry weights were recorded at Ni (100μM) treatment. Understanding plant responses to environmental stresses can help select suitable plants in order to obtain sustainable products. Overall, we can conclude that under aforementioned treatments, the root growth of S. arvensis was more affected than the shoot growth.

 Water salinity is one of the most progressive environmental factors limiting the growth and productivity of plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of salt stress on seed germination and some quantitative trait of tall fescue. For this purpose, a laboratory experiment was conducted at seed laboratory, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan Branch. The traits were radicle and plumule length, fresh and dry weight of radicle and plumule and some properties of seed germination such as germination percent, mean germination time, germination speed, and germination energy and vigor index. Seeds were arranged in petri dishes with 4 replications in completely randomized design with six levels of water salinity including 0, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 dSm−1. The results indicated that salinity stress had significant effect on seed germination and physiological characteristics. The results indicated that salinity of irrigation water significantly reduced all studied properties exception of germination time. The values of these properties were continuously decreased with increasing salinity levels. However, time of germination in salinity levels of 4−7 dSm−1 was significantly higher than that distilled water. Seed vigor index was more affecting salinity stress than germination percent.   

Environmental stresses, especially salinity and drought, are effective on seed germination and growth.
After breaking seed dormancy by simultaneous use of leaching (48 hours) and gibberllic acid (1000 ppm), germination characteristics and seedling growth of Citrullus colocynthis from two ecotypes of Sistan-Baluchestan with six levels of drought (0, -0.3, -0.6, -0.9, -1.2, -1.5 Mpa) and salinity (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 mM) were studied. This experiment was carried out in two different factorial experiments using completely randomized design with four replications. Statistical analysis was performed using version 18 of SPSS software and Factorial analysis of variance (general linear model) and mean comparisons were done using Duncan's multiple range test. The results demonstrated that there were significant differences among different levels of drought and salinity in all measured traits (PDiscussion and This species has acceptable germination at -0.6 Mpa droughts and 50 mM salinity. These issues must be considered in its intense planting in Sistan-Baluchestan province and using of Zabol’ ecotype seed is recommended.

Vermiwash contains enzymes, macro and micronutrients that could stimulate the growth and yield of crops. It can be prepared by different ways. In the present study, vermiwash was produced from the earthworm, Eisenia foetida, under field condition and also in the laboratory under cold and heat stress methods. These washes were used in different ratios for seed germination of mung, Vigna radiate. The results showed that the vermiwash produced by cold stress diluted at the ratio of 1:5 showed 100 % germination of mung seed followed by 1:5 ratio vermiwash produced naturally that resulted 95 % of seed germination. Undiluted vermiwash produced naturally and by cold stress showed 90 % of germination of mung seed than the undiluted vermiwash produced by heat stress. Cold stress produced vermiwash diluted with 1:5 ratio showed a vigour index of 1650 followed by naturally produced 1:5 ratio diluted vermiwash which showed a vigour index of 1092. However, the undiluted naturally produced vermiwash showed the lowest vigour index of 450.

In the last decade, frequency of late cold incidence has increased in the upland forest nurseries. The aim of present study was to reduce the damage caused by spring frost and to increase the efficiency of Persian maple seedlings production in mountain nurseries. This study was conducted as split plot design with two main treatments and three replications in two consecutive years (2009-2010) in Farim Wood Company nursery, Mazandaran Province, Iran. Maple seeds were collected from a site located near the nursery. The main treatment was seedlings protection in two levels of covering the seedlings during the cold days and without covering. Sowing date was sub-treated and applied at six levels (2nd week of Dec., mid-Jan., 1st week of Feb., 3rd week of Feb., 3rd week of Mar. and mid-April).The results showed that seedling covered and seed sowing dates had significant (p<0.01) effect on reducing frost damage. Besides, interaction effect of sowing date and seedling cover was significant (p<0.01) in both years. There was no significant (p>0.05) effect between the sowing dates in protected plots. Overall, mortality of seedlings gradually reduced with shifting sowing date to March in uncovered plots. The maximum mortality rate was related to the sowing in 3rd week of February. Losses of seedlings were the same in covered and uncovered plots in mid-April sowing dates. In the unprotected plots, the maximum losses of seedlings were recorded in the sowing dates before March. In fact, if seed sowing of A. velutinum was postponed until early spring, the seedlings mortality rates were not significantly different in both treatments.

Background Macrophytes (fresh water plants) comprise a diverse group of the flora which play important roles in the maintenance of trophic food chains and biogeochemical processes, but are deleterious when present in excess. However, due to various anthropogenic activities, there is accumulation of nutrients in aquatic ecosystems resulting in massive macrophytic growth. These weeds do not possess any economic value and remain laid on lake shores after harvesting and become a source of odor problem, thus posing a challenge to the lake management authorities regarding their proper disposal. However, vermicomposting turns these macrophytes into materials useful in horticulture/agriculture for restoration of soil fertility, in addition to providing a solution to the nuisance of harvested weeds. Results The study was conducted to investigate the effect of different rates (2, 4 and 6 t/ha) of macrophyte-based vermicompost on germination, growth and yield of Solanum melongena under field conditions. The data revealed that different rates of vermicompost produced varied and significant effect (P\0.05) as compared to the control on germination, growth and yield parameters with maximum value recorded at 6 t/ha, followed by 4 t/ha and the least at 2 t/ha. The dose of 6 t/ha significantly (P\0.05) increased germination (22.56 ± 2.5 %), number of fruits per plant (3.55 ± 0.07) mean fruit weight (73 ± 5.0 g), yield per plant (1.48 ± 0.05 kg) and marketable fruits (28.66 ± 3.0 %) when compared with the control. The study suggests that macrophyte-based vermicompost as a potential source of plant nutrients for sustainable crop production. Conclusion Macrophyte-based vermicompost is an efficient quality yielder and economy enhancer for sustainable agriculture especially for the communities having vegetable gardens around lakes will benefit by using macrophyte vermicompost, a balanced and low-cost organic fertilizer.