جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « کشت دیم » در نشریات گروه « اکولوژی »

The critical period of weed control in cumin (Cuminum cyminum) were determined by field study in 2011 in Sabzevar. Experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Treatments were weeding at 15, 30, 45and 60 days after emergence during the growing season (weed free), and 15, 30, 45and 60 days without weeding (weed infested) in the growing season and includes free of weed and weed infested in the entire growing season. Beginning and end of the critical period of weed damage were determined by Gompertz and Logistic equations. The results showed that weed dry weight was significantly increased with increasing duration of infection and reduce weed-free period. Full-season weeds interference reduced plant height (11.29%), number of lateral branches (39.14%), number of umbels (46.87%), number of seeds per umbrella (43.12%), seed yield (48.99%), biological yield (48.99%) and essential oil yield (26.94%) compared full season weed-free plots, respectively. Based on 5 and 10% acceptable seed yield losses, the critical period of weed control was 9-76 and 12- 63 days after planting at rain-fed condition.

The current investigation was carried out in order to compare the different ratio combinations of intercropping vetch, barley regarding forage quantitative yield and soil physical properties. The study was conducted in Gachsaran dryland research station from 2010 for 3 growing seasons based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments included different intercropping combinations of vetch and barley: 75% + 25%, 50% + 50%, 25% + 75% and sole culture of each plant species. The results showed that the highest forage fresh yield, forage dry yield and grain yield were obtained from barley monoculture (17.2, 5.9 and 3.5 t.ha-1 , respectively) and 25% vetch + 75% barley (15.5, 4.9 and 2.5 t.ha-1, respectively). Maximum land equivalent ratio (LER) was achieved from 25% vetch + 75% barley intercropping treatment with 1.03 which exhibits a slight improvement in forage production compared with monoculture system. Intercropping ratios didn’t affect soil moisture content within soil 0-30 cm depth. Intercropping of barley and vetch improved soil bulk density within three depths of sampling (0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm) as soil bulk density after study decreased compared with before the start of experiment. The 10-20 cm layer of soil had the highest bulk density and intercropping treatments particularly with 75% barley + 25% vetch caused significant decline in bulk density in this layer compared with mono-culture (either barley or vetch) treatments. In general, intercropping barley and vetch with combination of 75%:25% is recommended for Gachsaran region due to the positive effect on soil bulk density in long term, producing a yield similar to barley monoculture and increasing variety in agricultural productions. .

In order to evaluate the effects of biological and chemical fertilizers on yield and some morphological traits of local varieties of barley in dry land farming, an experiment was carried out as factorial experiment on the basis of randomized complete block design with three replications in 2013 at Agricultural Research Station of University of Tabriz. Chemical fertilizer levels included control (without any fertilizer), 60 kg urea (100% recommended), 30 kg urea (50% recommended), 50 kg super phosphate (100% recommended) and 25 kg triple super phosphate (50% recommended) and bio-fertilizers consisted of phosphate barvar-2 and azotobarvar-1 and control. Results indicated that the highest percentage of ground cover and chlorophyll index were observed at integrated application of 100% chemical fertilizers and azotobarvar-1. Also, maximum plant height and harvest index were achieved from integrated application of 100% chemical fertilizers with azotobarvar-1 phosphate barvar-2. Among treatments combination, the highest biological yield was obtained in azotobarvar-1 along with 60 kg urea and the highest grain yield was achieved in phosphate barvar-2 with 60 kg urea with value of 170 grams per square meter. Generally, chemical fertilizer application could be resulted in the positive and significant effect on yield and some morphological traits, but, integrated usage of reduced amounts of chemical fertilizers such as urea with bio fertilizers, can have positive effects in improving yield of barley and human healthy.

Those who give their wealth for the satisfaction of God and his mental stability are like to the garden that is located on the stack. If fall rains thoroughly, its fruit will double and little rain is sufficient for it and Allah has knowledge of all the things you (Baghareh, 265). Because of Iran is mountainous and rugged and rainfall is Sporadic, Waste about 56% of rainfall Because of traditional irrigation. Iran's climate and topography, Is suitable for the development of gardens. Because of importance of providing water for fruit trees and limited water, are important, in Dryland systems using methods that exploit the maximum available rainfall naturally, are very important. Because there is limited rainfall and irrigation in dryland, one of the critical points in the garden management, is keep increasing of Soils water uptake. Therefore, the main purpose is to manage rainfall in this way, is evapotranspiration loss and increasing efficiency of water uptake by plant. More Scientific references in our country are books that translated from universities in Europe and America that Have a different climate conditions with our country.And not considering this issue has much damaged to agriculture industry of Iran.Whereas according to the Goran, as a universal reference and always updated, can reduce problem of sustainable agriculture. For example, according to the Quran can be established dry garden in steep places, with selecting the correct location cultivation, selection of species resistant or tolerant and drought (Olives, Figs, Grapes and Dried Fruits) and the optimum use of rainwater.