جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « AHP » در نشریات گروه « اکولوژی »

This research set out to assess the flood risk in the Hamoon-Jazmoorian catchment applying 13 affecting factors as informative layers including elevation, slope, slope direction, topographic curvature, drainage density, distance from the waterway, geology, vegetation, land use, rainfall, topographic moisture index, flow strength index and soil type. To this end, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was applied in the form of a matrix of paired comparisons for prioritizeing and determineing the weight. Then each layer was made fuzzy between 0 and 1 by fuzzy logic model and the weights obtained by AHP method were multiplied in them. Next, based on the method of linear-weighted combination with the integration of 13 layers of information, a flood zoning map was obtained. Finally, the AWEI index was applied to each satellite image before and after the flood separately to validate the results as a ground reality, in which the areas affected by the flood situating around Hamoon-Jazmoorian and areas close to the main waterways were determined using the technique of changes determination. The results of the validation of the map of the flooded areas revealed that the gamma validation method in 1992 and 2016 has the highest consistent with the results of satellite images with 97.96 % and 98.18 % of similarity, respectively.

Wetlands are one of the most important biosphere resources in the world, but these ecosystems are always at risk of being threatened. To reduce these risk factors and achieve sustainable development, it is necessary to have information and to adopt programs and policies to protect wetlands. To achieve this goal in the Miangaran wetland of Izeh city of Khuzestan province, in first the internal and external factors were identified after a field visit and completion of a questionnaire by the Statistical community as well as experts.AHP and Expert choice software were used to weighting the internal (IFE) and external (EFE) factors. Then, based on the results of the internal and external factor evaluation matrix, appropriate strategies were developed, and finally, using the QSPM matrix of strategies, their scoring and preference were determined. According to the results, 7 strength factors & 16 weakness factors were identified as internal factors and 6 opportunity factors and 14 threat factors were identified as external factors. Based on the results of the internal and external factor evaluation matrix, the position of the defense strategy was proposed. Based on the analysis of QSPM matrix, the strategy of strengthening the environmental monitoring and implementation of the environment and the development of the wetland ownership document as the first priority of important strategic planning for the protection of this area was achieved. Based on the obtained results, it can be stated that due to the existence of high threat factors, the vulnerability threshold of this region is very high and requires reviewing and presenting appropriate policies to address the limitations, which according to the strategy. They are extracted and with proper planning and management, sustainable development in the area can be achieved.

Determining suitable areas for flood spreading is essential for the artificial recharge of groundwater. Qalhar of Delijan plain has decreased by more than eleven meters in groundwater level during the last 10 years and needs to balance the aquifer. In this research, a hierarchical analysis process (AHP) and geographic information system (GIS) were used to select site for the flood spreading in the Qalhar of Delijan Basin (Markazi Province). The study was conducted in three stages. In the first stage, the most important criteria and effective indicators to select site for artificial recharge were determined. In the second stage, a hierarchical method was used to assess and prioritize these criteria. For this purpose, criteria for flood characteristics, slope, permeability, geology, storage factor, land use were used. The results showed that flood and gradient criteria are more important in determining suitable areas for groundwater artificial recharge in the Qalhar basin. In this regard, the storage coefficient and land use have less relative weight. In the third step, based on the weights matrix, the Rasterian information layers were combined with AHP extension in Arc GIS and flood spreading Spatial preference map was prepared. The results showed that considering the restricted areas and the areas susceptible to artificial recharge, 29.3% of the total catchment area is suitable for flood spreading, which covers an area of 4250 hectares.

Abstract Natural crises are unavoidable, but the damage to the financial and human sectors can be greatly reduced by relying on engineering techniques and scientific innovations. Many parts of Iran are among the accident-prone areas in the world that need special attention before crises. Chaharmahal Bakhtiari province is one of these areas due to its geographical location and special climatic conditions, which makes the location of emergency accommodation for floods in this province important. In the present study, a method based on compiling a researcher-made questionnaire and reviewing library documents and statistical models has been used. Therefore, using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, identify safe places during floods and prepare the existing criteria and sub-criteria, and then using the fuzzy-hierarchical statistical information (FAHP), the value values of each criterion and sub-criteria The final weight was calculated, and the relevant drawings were prepared and compiled in the GIS environment to display them as best as possible. The results showed that Shahrekord has the lowest level of risk among the cities of the province and the north and northeast of Borujen, Ardal and the central and southern parts of Koohrang and the northern parts of Lordegan have more safety than the northern parts of the city, respectively. 

 elevation factor, slope, Distance from river, Geomorphology, Drainage density, Flow accumulation, precipitation, land use, geology, SPI, TWI, curvature. SPI, TWI, curvature layers in SAGA GIS environment have been prepared and the other layers have been prepared in GIS environment. After preparing the criteria, the pairwise comparison matrix is prepared and then the value of the final coefficient of the layers is prepared with the help of Expert Choice software. Then all the factors are classified and fuzzy normalization is applied to them using fuzzy functions. Finally, all layers are merged using the WLC method and the final map is prepared. To determine the degree of correlation of layers using random points, the correlation coefficient of factors has been calculated. The results of this study show that in Sanghar catchment area, about 26% of the area is exposed to high and very high flood sensitivity and 59% have low and very low flood sensitivity. Among the geomorphic factors affecting the flood, three factors: elevation, slope, and drainage network density have a major impact on the flood sensitivity of the Sanghar catchment; In contrast, the four factors of Distance from river, SPI, Flow accumulation and curvature played a smaller role in the flood susceptibility map of Sanghar catchment.

Forests areas of Iran in comparison with the world is very low and this low area is in demolition threat always. Hence, the remainder of these forests should be managed based on ecological capability evaluation. With regard to importance of subject, ecological capability for forestry in the Sharui watershed, Khuzestan province, was evaluated in 2015. For this purpose, the Makhdoom model and AHP method were used. Respectively in first, six information layers including elevation classes, slope, aspect, soil type, vegetation type and density were combined in GIS environment and the final map of environmental unites for forestry was created. Results showed that 197 hectares for forestry has one class capability and respectively 427, 594, 732, 1139, 956 and 115 hectare have the two, three, four, five, six and seven classes’ capability. In the next step the most appropriate measures and options forestry development in the region were selected by using experts and the results of the prioritization criteria, sub-criteria and alternatives, was derived from the software Export Choice 11.The results showed that Among the main criteria of Forestry land use, Physical-chemical factors, Among the sub-criteria, land form, Sources of revenue, Landscape and vegetation type and density, and Among the alternatives, Slope, temperature, soil, river, forest, village, road, water transmission network and Handicrafts, Were more important.

In many parts of the world, there is not enough precise information about suitable land for cultivation. Understanding climate and the required parameters during the growth period of crops is the mostimportant factor in the zoning Agroclimate. In Iran, lentils with acreage of 240 thousand hectares and the production of 166 thousand tons per year after the peas in second place is important. Agro-ecological zoning is one of the land evaluating method that can be used to find better lands and improve the planning and management of land resources. The purpose of this research, zoning Agroclimatic Ardabil Province for the cultivation of lentils, In order to identify the characteristics of land resources for the planning and organize and optimal land, Assessing of land suitability, in any of the zone by using AHP is Agroclimatic. Ardabil Province is in northwestern Iran, with an area of 17953 square kilometers, 1.09 percent of the country's total area. The present study was conducted across Ardabil Province which is located in 37° 25' and 39° 42' N latitude and between 47° 03' and 48° 55' E longitude. Data used in this research; climatic factors such as rainfall, temperature, relative humidity, sunshine duration and degree-days during the growing season are the data of 37 synoptic and meteorological and data physiographic such as elevation, slope, aspect, soil and land use map of the study area were collected from relevant organizations. By performing the necessary calculations using SPSS and EXCEL software, the database was frormed in GIS environment. Then for each of the parameters in the GIS environment with generalized point data, linear and polygon surrounding surfaces (Interpolation) were performed, as the data layers and maps. Each of the layers of the study, based on favorable climatic requirements lentils were categorized based on AHP. According to the purpose of this study, the role of the main criteria such as Climate, Soil, Physiography and land use criteria selected under Options AHP were calculated and then using the weighted important factor, weight and final weight of all criteria were determined.
Lentil planting zoning based on climatic factors: Data of climatic elements during the growing season lentils have an influential role. The sudden change of climate data is effective on crop yield. In this study, the rate of climate data based on hierarchical, weight coefficient was determined as follows: Temperature 0.382, precipitation 0.250, humidity 0.160, sunshine hours 0.101, evaporation 0.064 and wind 0.043. By overlaying maps of climatic elements, about 20.42 percent with a very suitable, 37.75 percent was suitable, 24.47 percent average and 17.34 percent of conditions are unsuitable for cultivation of lentils.
Zoning planting lentils, based on physiographic factors: For evaluation the cultivation of lentils, map each datas, elevation, slope and aspect were prepared in GIS environment. Based on the favorable climatic lentils product to physiographic factors, weighting layers were based on AHP. Therefore, the height by a factor of 0.614, slope 0.268 and slope were determined 0.117. By combining maps of physiographic province, 22.68 percent has a very suitable, 21.11 percent sutitable, 17.33 percent average and 38.86 percent conditions are unsuitable for cultivation of lentils.
Zoning lentil cultivation, on the basis of physiographic and climatic elements: By combining all the maps of climatic and physiographic factors that were prepared based on hierarchical method weighting coefficient, the final zoning map Agroclimate lentil cultivation in this province was prepared. Based on the final map, in Ardebil province about 17% very suitable, 32% was suitable, 27% moderately and 24% had poor conditions for the cultivation of lentils. This study aimed to Agroclimateland zoning for planning agriculture in the province of Ardabil. Based on the favorable climate condition for lentil crop, land evaluation of each data was done for production of lentils. So the the main criteria including; climate 0.565 factor, physiographic by a factor of 0.262, soil 0.188 and land the highest weight by a factor of 0.055 respectively has an effective role in the lentils, as well as minimum temperature during the growing season and maximum temperatures and low rainfall (during seed germination and flowering) altitude and the high slope is the limiting factor for the cultivation of lentils in the province.

This study investigates land use suitability to find sustainable production areas in arid and semi-arid regions. Crops perform best in locations where climatic conditions meet their growing requirements. Factors such as elevation, slope percentage, slope aspect, soil type, vegetation cover and other climatic features affecting growth are crucial in identifying the most suitable areas for crops. The trend of land suitability classification includes evaluating particular areas in terms of their aptness for a specific use (Seyedi Shahivandi et al., 2013). The suitability of farms in western Iran were evaluated for rain-fed wheat, while the climate parameters were studied in accordance with the eco-physiological needs of wheat. Finally, the areas were classified into suitable, semi-suitable and non-suitable regions (Kamali, 1996).In this study, geographic information systems (GIS) and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) were applied to evaluate the feasibility of the agricultural lands of Ilam Province for cultivation of irrigated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).
In this research, climatic parameters including temperature and rainfall were collected from seven synoptic stations of the region. Also compiled were data on important factors in zoning and environmental parameters including elevation, slope percentage, slope aspect, distance from river, soil texture, organic matter, the probability of the occurrence of appropriate temperatures during planting stage, the probability of the occurrence of the maximum temperature of 25°C during flowering, and the probability of the occurrence of temperatures of 30°C during the grain stage. First, the climatic data were extracted and environmental variables were obtained, then the maps related to these parameters were drawn. Furthermore, the weight of each factor was calculated using AHP with the layers integrated into the GIS environment. Kriging and IDW methods were applied for interpolation of environmental variables. Accordingly, a prospective map of irrigated wheat cultivation of the region was obtained. Lands were zoned into five classes: highly suitable, suitable, semi-suitable, non-suitable and highly non-suitable. Non-suitable lands seem to have extreme limitations and include those which should be used by farmers either rarely or never.
The results of AHP analysis showed that among the factors affecting land suitability, appropriate temperature during planting stage (0.31) had the highest weight and elevation (0.009) had the lowest weight. In the AHP model, the inconsistency ratio is about 0.0346. This showed that the comparisons of factors were absolutely consistent (Bertolini et al., 2006), and the relative weights were adapted for applying land suitability analysis in our study area.The results indicated that about 34.74% of lands were very suitable and 34.74% were suitable. 13.91% of lands had average capabilities of cultivation (semi-suitability). 16.04% of the lands were poor and 8.04% were very poor for irrigated wheat cultivation. The conclusion was that the role of each climatic and land parameter varies in different parts of the region. Moreover, it is possible to determine suitable regions for irrigated wheat using GIS and AHP method.
In this research, the most effective factors determining the suitability of land for wheat were the appropriate temperature during sowing, the probability of the occurrence of the maximum temperature of 25° C during flowering, elevation and slope percentage. The results of this research confirmed the capability of GIS in zoning.

Part of the Karun river Ahvaz city limits, the area including the areas suitable for the development of potential qualified tourist user. Tourism is one of the largest and fast growing industries world, tourism industry as a dynamic industrial development with the characteristics of their important role in the economy-based countries. Ecologic value tourism in line with user rivers as a means of achieving this goal. Descriptive analytical and research methods have been tried in this research work using AHP model for the development of tourism in the region. In the first study on the border of the range of topographic map were identified and subsequently the role of height classes, slope, soil texture, density, vegetation, geology, and in this regard to the analysis of the questionnaire to a number of tourism experts from 35 provinces. The weight of each of the criteria in order to put at the disposal of the experts produced a concession after collecting questionnaires and Expert software choice criteria specified for map building priority then towards the integration of GIS with AHP results of the action, and the user can map the direction of tourism. The results of the study that was conducted in 2014-2015 shows that about 93% equivalent to 137858 hectares of area have been very desired for tourism, extensive, 2% equivalent to 3453 hectares of area with desired and 5% equivalent to 7341ha, with possible undesirable and 82% equivalent to137379 hectares of area have be very desired for tourism focus, 17% equivalent to 27792ha area with desired and 1% equivalent to 2211 hectares with power is undesirable.

Protected region of Margoon with area of 10000 hectar and mild weather with and different variety of plants and animals is one of the especialest protected places of Fars province; in other word, this region is very suitable for reviving the Ecosystem of Fars province. The objective of this research is to evaluate the ecological conditions of protected region of Margoon in order to developing the Ecotourism activities. The method of gathering descriptive-analytic data was done by library and documentary studies and in field data analysis. To achieve the objectives of this research the method of SWOT strategy was used base on the specifying the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and threads and this method is weighted by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP(.The present study which was conducted in 1391 Indicates that Margoon area had 16 domestic factors that weight rating of internal factors (6/55), the number of external factors was 15 factors and according to the assessment conducted weight score external factors (6/9). The number of external factors was 15 factors, and according to the assessment conducted, weight rating external factors (6/9) due to these conditions rating total factors are almost equal. According to the evaluation conducted, situation of Margoon Waterfall is in average condition. According to this research, the most important strategies to meet strengths and weaknesses, threats and opportunities have presented in the SWOT matrix. On this basis necessary investments in Section ecotourism and create ecotourism sites in surrounding area of Margoon waterfall and perform correct management and provide the necessary facilities and services, can be expanded the ecotourism in the area.

Grape is one of the nutritious fruits that have commercial value as well, and most farmers try to raise it in their lands. Considering various factors affecting growth and yield of grape, the process of assessing the suitability of land for cultivation in order to spatial planning of this product needs the use of comprehensive and diverse geographic and descriptive information. GIS technology provides the possibility of using this type of data and facilitates spatial analysis of information based on the appropriate models. Therefore, in this study regarding the ecological needs of grape, multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) method based on analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was used for modeling and spatial analysis of information in ARC/GIS 9.3 software environment. Eventually, East Azarbaijan province suitable lands for grape cultivation and production with regard to climatic elements and land physical factors (temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, topography, etc.) were evaluated and zoned. Results of this research showed that, spatially, 10 percent of the province has conditions varying between suitable to very suitable for grape production compared to the rest of province which in terms of spatial zones included Mianeh, Malekan, Shabstar, Jolfa, Bonab and Ajabshir cities and the most suitable areas were presented concerning final layer.

One of the recent strategies in most countries in the field of recent economic growth has been a particular concern, tourists. Among all types of tourism, ecotourism is more compatible with sustainable development. Iran, due to the great extent, climatic diversity etc. has unique capability in the field of ecotourism. Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province has high ability in this regard. Gandoman wetland in this province, according to the beautiful scenery is a great potential for the development of ecotourism. In this study, we tried using SWOT, AHP and ANP strategies for the development of the wetland ecotourism that could be provided. Analytic descriptive Methods and survey analysis of 20 tourism experts were used. The results (year 2012 – 2013) showed that: A total of 45 strengths and opportunities, with a score of (4.19) as the advantages and disadvantage and threaten with a score of 47 weight (3.21) as there are limitations wetland ecotourism development, Then, according to the results SWOT; to provide 6 strategy for each of four strategies (SO, ST, WO, WT) were measured. Since the proposed strategy did not have the same importance, so by using AHP model of each four proposed strategies; the best strategies were selected. These strategies include of competitive strategy-aggressive (SO) (Provision of facilities and services based on the needs assessment, etc.), Diversity strategy (ST) (policies to prevent an increase in rates land), the strategy review (WO) (adopt security measures to protect wetland reserves with the help of authorities, etc.) and defensive strategies WT (enjoying modern technology and harmony with the environment, etc.). Finally, using AHP to prioritize the implementation of each four strategies that SO strategy priority, WT The second priority, WO third priority, and eventually won the fourth priority ST.

This study done with the aim of green space development (tree planting) in the watershed to prevent erosion and as well as reconstruction of destroyed places, examines site selection of suitable lands for Amygdalus Scoparia planting in the Watershed Mordghafar in izeh township located in the northeastern khouzestan province in summer 1390. For this purpose, the nine most influential parameters including mean annual precipitation ,mean annual temperature, elevation classes, slope, slope aspect, geology, Geomorphology, soil depth and soil texture were selected as appropriate measures in GIS maps were produced. Analytical Hierarchy Process AHP used for weighting the maps. With a combination of standard maps in GIS, mapping the location of the four fitness classes, was produced. The research results show that 37% of the total area (814 hectares) for Amygdalus Scoparia planting that is very appropriate for the geographic directions North and South and on the high altitudes (1000-1300 m) is consistent.

Land use suitability is the ability of a given type of land to support a defined use. The suitable areas for agricultural use are determined by evaluating the environmental components and understanding of local biophysical restraints. The topographic characteristics, climatic conditions and the soil quality of an area are the most important determinant parameters of land suitability evaluation (Almashkreki et al., 2011). Bhagat et al. (2009) analyzed land suitability for cereal production in Himachal Pradesh (India). In this study different parameters including climatic variables (precipitation and temperature), topographic (elevation), soil type and land cover/land use have been used in order to evaluate land suitability for cereals food-grain crops. The possibility of further expansion of cultivation area under each cereal crop was also determined. Golestan province is one of the most important region for crop production in Iran. In this study, geographical information system (GIS) and multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) were applied to evaluate the feasibility of agricultural lands in Aq-Qalla township for annual alfalfa (Medicago scutellata L. Mill.) cultivation. This research was conducted in northern part of Iran, Aq-Qalla township in Golestan province. The climate of this region is under the influence of Alborz Mountains, Caspian Sea, the southern wildernesses of Turkmenistan and forests. The suitability of current agricultural lands in Aq-Qalla township for annual alfalfa cultivation, were evaluated by matching the environmental requirements of crop and the land characteristics. For this purpose, required data and information of the study area were collected during 2013, and thematic maps were provided. Climatic data were collected from 43 weather stations located in Golestan province. The digital elevation model (DEM) dataset with a 40×40 m resolution and township boundary of the study area were obtained from Natural Resources Organization of Golestan province. The soil nutrient data were collected from 300 sampling sites distributed in Aq-Qala township, including EC, pH, Texture, N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Zn and Organic matter. Kriging and IDW methods were applied for interpolation of environmental variables. The digital environmental layers overlaid and integrated in GIS in respect to Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) weights. The weight of factors for feasibility were obtained from local experts, through a pairwise comparison of statistical analysis in Expert Choice software (ver. 2000). Zoning of lands carried out in four classes including: highly suitable (S1), suitable (S2), semi-suitable (S3) and non-suitable (NS). This system was based on matching between land qualities/characteristics and crop requirements. Highly suitable, suitable and semi-suitable lands were expected to have a crop yield of 80-100%, 60-80% and 40-60% of the yield under optimal conditions with practicable and economic inputs, respectively. Non-suitable lands were assumed to have severe limitations which could rarely or never be overcome by economic use of inputs or management practices (Ghaffari et al., 2000). Results of AHP questionnaires analysis showed that among the factors affecting land suitability, climate (0.559) and topography (0.113) criteria had the highest and least weight, respectively. In this AHP model inconsistency ratio is about 0.002. This indicates that the comparisons of criteria were perfectly consistent, and the relative weights were suitable for use in the land suitability analysis in Aq-Qala. The results showed that 23.1% and 47.2% of these areas were high suitable and suitable for alfalfa cropping, respectively. These zones had enough precipitation, suitable topography and high fertility. The semi-suitable and non- suitable regions (about 30% of area) were located in the northwest, east and south of Aq-Qalla township. In these zones, the environmental requirements of annual alfalfa were not fitted to ecological variables of agricultural land. The results showed that the topography and climatic characteristics (temperature and precipitation) of this region were suitable for annual alfalfa growth. In this study, the limiting factors were: high EC (about 30 dS.m-1), deficiency of organic matter, K and Ca. Therefore, analyzing the soil quality is essential for understanding the environmental degradation processes in the region. Proper land management practices, leaching, drainage, land preparation, crop rotation, specific irrigation methods and using resistant crop are helpful methods to increase crop yield in this area.

The flood is one of the natural disasters that doesnt create itself but the landuse change will be caused it that makes a lot of human and financial losses every year. In this study in gonbad chi basin to assess the impact of Watershed mechanical operation on flood mapping used fuzzy method and AHP method and composition of slope mapping, landuse, Permeability and flow accumulation that called base mapping. In next setp by determining thelocation ofmechanicaloperations andseparationofthe operationaccordingto dam height and determine the extent of the effect of the mechanical operation using elevation contour lines, the mapping of impact of watershed management operations was prepared. In the end with composition of base mapping with impact of mechanicaloperations, a new map that called flood mapping is created. Although the results have a positiveapproximately9% impact on reducing the risks of flood but these results in a sufficient number of suitable structures would be more effective than showed.

Tourism is the phenomenon of the distant past of human societies. According to the different needs of social and economic dynamism and growth of the industry in the country has continued its strategy requires proper planning and effective management. The aims to develop a strategic plan for ecotourism in Dez dam Lake was conducted in 2013-2014. For this purpose, the first step is to identify internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external factors (opportunities and threats) were examined. Then internal and external, with circumstance, internal factors evaluation tables (IFE) and assess external factors (EFE) were scored and weighted. For weighting internal and external to the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Super decision software was used. IFE matrix with a score of 2.793 indicates that the development of ecotourism Dez Lake has more strengths than weaknesses and EFE points to 2.582, indicating there are more opportunities than threats. The results indicated that the area under study to develop ecotourism in the table in terms of offensive strategic plan (strategy SO) is based on the analysis QSPM, strategy (SO2) introduces the potential of the tourism for the capital increase of Dez dam public and private sectors with a score of 2.028 was considered the best strategy to implement an aggressive strategy. According to Freeman matrix, based on the priorities of economic, social, cultural and ecological study area and after completion of loading of each of the options developed, optimized and targeted strategy to take advantage of the incentive for people to engage with the local communities and NGO's responsible tourism, nature tourism and tips to attract domestic and foreign tourists with 90 survey rated as the most important strategy for ecotourism development in the study area was proposed. Finally, according to area capabilities and potentials for ecotourism, to aim implement the each management strategy for sustainable development requires a planning, monitoring and continuous support.To achieve the goals of tourism development in Dez Dam, trying to attract the cooperation of public and private agencies and organizations related to the nature area is recommended.

Environment and its conservation in recent decades have gained serious attention of all people and the international community and the world. In this way international biologic environment and private protected areas are considered as protective units and there are the best areas for creation of ecotourism. The wetlands have great economic, social and environmental importance due to its natural and unnatural resources. Shadegan wetland as the biggest wetland of Iran with international importance is located at south of Khuzestan plain. This applicable-developmental survey aimed to consider the weakness, strength, opportunities and threats result in creating and developing ecotourism industry in the studied area and it analyzed the presented ideas by experts and tourists. In first step the internal factors (weakness and strength) and external factors (opportunities and threats) are identified. Then aforesaid internal and external factors were evaluated in the form of tables of internal factors evaluation (IFE) and external factors evaluation (EFE), scoring and weighting. For this purpose, analytical hierarchical process (AHP) and Super desision software are used.The findings showed that for developing Shadegan Wetland ecotourism it was essential to pay attention to a collection of strategies such as offensive strategies which are on the basis of QSPM analysis, strategy of introduction of high potential of ecotourism of aforesaid area for increasing investment of private and public sections With 16.178 points was the highest priority.

The aim of this study is to assess effective factors in flooding and determine vulnerable areas in first and third Tehran Municipality areas, therefore suggest the proper management ways to avoid this disaster. Flooding disaster could have serious financial and fatal casualties, specially in urban areas. To reduce damages and hurts of flooding in these areas, hydrological, topographical, human features and … were used as separated layers in GIS and they were prioritized with a method like AHP. As the results areas with risks of flooding were determined. In this study the areas with high risks and low risks were recognized. Studying area was classified into five different classes and their areas were calculated. The very high risk area occurs in 16.21 square kilometer and respectively 19.11, 17.06, 9.67 and 1.84 square kilometer of areas were classified as high, medium, low and very low risks areas. By using this information, there could be proper plans and strategies to control floods and even utilizing flood water.

Currentresearch done for study ofecological evaluation of Rakatwatershed in Khuzestan province(Izeh).Rekat watershed is between 50,8,6 E and 50,20,3 E and 31,39,34 Nto 31,50,60 N and according topast studies bydr. Makhdomand AHP method, the current land use isforestry. For doing this research, at first the research area determinedon topographic map with1:25000 scale. After the determinationof the boundariesof research area, DEM file wasprepared using of topographic lines and mapsof heightslope and aspect of slope map.AHP table was prepared with using dr.Makhdoms forestry model. Then experts asked to evaluate them.After data of questionnaires collected with using expert choice softwareand after getting the weight of each parameter, the AHPresults with GIS indexes compounded therefore, the priorities indexes for mapping theslop aspect of slope, heightthe canopy cover of vegetationdetermined. The species of vegetation, the density of vegetation texture of soil structure of soilthe kind of soil co-temperature lines co-rainy lines with using forestry format was prepared.Finally the potential of Rekat area for forestryevaluated in four category and codes with very proper codeproper goodand weakthat each code for forestry land usestuding with 3701510 m2 was very proper, 2835970 m2proper, 534980m2 good and 4412730was more weak then the others.