جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « عملکرد بذر » در نشریات گروه « باغبانی »

 In recent years, the aggressive application of chemical fertilizers for agricultural production has endangered the health of soil, water, air, as well as crops, and has raised many concerns for the global environment and human health. In addition to the positive biological effects and modification of soil physical and chemical properties due to the gradual release of nutrients, organic fertilizers cause less pollution in the environment. Due to the significant role of medicinal and aromatic plants in different industries, it is important to increasing production of yield and secondary metabolite produced without the use of harmful chemical fertilizers. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) is widely grown in arid and semi-arid regions and due to its economic importance and pharmaceutical industrial applications, it is one of the world’s most dimension medicinal plant. This plant has antiseptic, antispasmodic, antiinflammatory, diuretic, carminative and analgesic effects and is effective in gastrointestinal disorder treatment. Moreover with its antioxidant and antiulcer properties, it is used to treat neurological disorders.

 This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of organic and biological fertilizers on the morpho-physiological and phytochemical properties of fennel (Foeniculum vulgar Miller). In this study, the impacts of vermicompost (0, 4, 8% in pot), animal manure (0, 7.5, 15% in pot) and mycorrhizal fungi (0, 1%) on physiological and biochemical properties of fennel in greenhouse conditions was evaluated. In order to extract the samples to measure biochemical factors, methanol 70% was used at a ratio of 5:1 (volume- weight). Determination of free radical scavenging was performed by using the DPPH test. The samples’ absorptions were read at a wavelength of 517 nm with Epoch Microplate Spectrophotometer, BioTek Instruments, Inc., USA. Measuring the total phenols was performed according to the Folin’s reagent method and the use of gallic acid as standard (purchased from the brand MERCK, Germany) by using a spectrophotometer at the wavelength of 765 nm. Total flavonoid content was measured using a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 510 nm through a standard curve of quercetin from Sigma-Aldrich. The Essential oils were obtained from seeds by hydrodistillation for 3 h using a clevenger type device. The analyses of essential oil volatile components were determined by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Data were analyzed by using Duncan’s multiple range test (P< 0.05) by SAS, version 9.4 for Windows.

 The results of current investigation showed that organic and biological fertilizers improved the fennel yield and phytochemical properties such as the plant height, seed weight per plant, fresh and dry weight of roots and plants, content of total phenols and flavonoids, antioxidant activity, percentage of essential oil and root colonization. The highest plant height, number of flowers, umbrellas and seeds per plant and fresh and dry weight of roots were obtained after combined application of 8% in pot vermicompost, 15% in pot animal manure and application of mycorrhiza. According to the results, the highest amount of total flavonoids (177.66 mg/100g DW) and root colonization (35.8%) after of 8% in pot vermicompost + 15% in pot animal manure + mycorrhiza application was observed. The results also revealed that the highest fresh and dry weight of the plants (121.33 and 17.41 g, respectively) was obtained after application of mycorrhiza + 15% in pot animal manure. Application of mycorrhiza in combination with 15% in pot animal manure compared to other treatments caused a significant increase in total phenol content in aerial parts with 73.22 mg/100g DW. In addition, the highest amount of antioxidant activity (51%) was obtained after 8% in pot vermicompost + 15% in pot animal manure application. Application of organic and biological fertilizers significantly increased the 1000 seed weight and the percentage of essential oil in fennel. After 15% in pot animal manure treatment, the highest percentage of essential oil by 3.43% was recorded. In general, the highest percentages of essential oil components were related to (E)-Anethole (78.26%), Fenchone (7.15%), Limonene (6.12%) and Methyl chavicol (3.85%), respectively. The amount of (E)-Anethole as the essential oil predominant compound, in the control treatment was 66.92%. The application of mycorrhiza + 4% in pot vermicompost increased the content of (E) -Anethole in essential oil to 80.72%.

 In general, application of vermicompost, animal manure and mycorrhizal fungi improved the growth, biochemical and yield characteristics and essential oil yield of fennel in greenhouse conditions. These fertilizers increased plant yield by providing large amounts of required nutrients and affecting various aspects of root growth and development. Among them, the role of nitrogen may be more prominent due to its participation in protein synthesis and the role of iron in nitrogen fixation, photosynthesis and electron transfer.

In order to evaluate the effect of plant density and nitrogen fertilizer on phonological, qualitative, photosynthesis capacity and yield components of guar native population, an experiment was carried out as split plot based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications in 2018 at Iranshahr, Iran. The main factor was four levels of plant density (25, 45, 60 and 85 plants/m2) and the sub factor, nitrogen fertilizer from the source of urea (0, 50, 100, 150 kg / ha). The results of variance analysis showed that the effect of plant density on all traits was significant, except carbohydrate, protein and gum at 1% level. Comparison of mean plant density showed that 25 and 85 plants / m2 had the highest and lowest number of branches, respectively. Treatments of 45 and 85 plants /m2 had the highest and lowest mean of seed yield and biological yield per hectare, respectively. The interaction of 100 kg N fertilizer and 60 plants/ m2 devoted the highest percentage of protein and interaction of 0 kg N fertilizer and 45 plants/m2 has minimum protein percent. Results showed that, in order to obtain high seed and gum yield product, density of 45 plants/m2 followed by 50 kg nitrogen/ha in Grembite landraces were recommended.

Vitamins affect many metabolic and biological processes in plants and participate in the synthesis of enzymes, nucleic acids, and proteins as coenzyme in their metabolic pathways. In order to evaluate the effect of foliar application of thiamine on growth, yield, yield components and essential oil of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), a field experiment was conducted as factorial on the basis of a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Iran in 2015. The treatments were included three levels of thiamine foliar application (zero; distilled water), 50 and 100 μm/l) and foliar application stages in four levels of stem elongation, flowering, grain filing, and all three stages. The results showed that the effect of thiamine on all traits was significant. The concentration of 50 μm/l thiamine had the maximum increasing effect on the number of sub stems, number of umbels per plant, number of umbelets per umbel, number of grains per umbelet, grain yield, and essential oil yield and the concentration of 100 μm/l thiamine had the maximum increasing effect on the plant height, 1000-grain weight, biological yield, and essential oil percentage,compared to control. The effect of foliar application stages on the number of umbelets per umbel, number of grains per umbelt, and 1000-grain weight were significant and their highest values were obtained by thiamine foliar application in all three stages (stemming, flowering, grain filing). The interaction effects of the treatments were not significant on any of the traits. In general, results of this experiment showed that the foliar application of 50 and 100 μm/l thiamine at stemming, flowering, and grain filing stages can improve the seed yield and essential oil yield of fennel.

This experiment was conducted as factorial laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Roudehen Research field, in 2010. Two factors; vermin compost at four levels (5, 10, 15, and 20 ton.ha-1 and check) as first factor and phosphate bio-fertilizer in two levels (Inoculation and Non Inoculation) as second factor. Results showed vermin compost had significant effect on all of investigate traits. Seed inoculation with phosphate bio-fertilizer had significant effect on capsule number, fresh weigh of leaf, fresh weight of stem, fresh weight of flower, total fresh weight per plant, dry weight of flower, total dry weight per plant, and seed yield. As well as, only capsule diameter not significant at interaction of vermin-compost phosphate × bio-fertilizer. The most of seed yield was produced with 20 ton vermincompost, because of increased capsule number, capsule diameter and 1000 seed weight. As, plant height, fresh weight of leaf, fresh weight of stem, fresh weight of flower and total fresh weight per plant, dry weight of flower and total dry weight per plant had maximum in this rate. With inoculation of phosphate bio-fertilizer, cause of increase capsule number and capsule diameter, had observed highest seed yield. The maximum seed yield (2150.2 kg ha-1) was obtained at interaction of 20 ton vermin-compost × with inoculation. Therefore, 20 ton vermin-compost and phosphate inoculation, because of increased seed yield was introduced the best treatment.

The current study was performed to evaluate the effect of planting date and locality of seed on seed yield of Pimpinella affinis Ledeb. The experiment design was factorial done using a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Treatments included locations from where seeds were collected (Khojir, Noshahr and Chalous Road areas) and planting dates (November 6th, December 6th and April 9th in 2006 and 2007). The experiment was performed in Alborz farm research complex located in Karaj. The results of variance analysis of the experiment in 2006 showed that the effect of planting date on seed yield was not significant while the effect of locality and interaction effect between planting date and locality was statistically significant at 1% significance level. Means comparison of treatments showed no significant differences between the yield seed of planting dates of November 6th and December 6th, while December cultivation's yield seed was higher (64.467 Kg/ha). The effect of locality on yield seed was significant as yield seed of Khojir locality (175.1 Kg/ha) was more than that of Chalous and Noshahr localities. Interaction effects between locality and planting date on yield seed were statistically significant at 5% significance level. Yield seed of December cultivation from Khojir locality (191.4 Kg/ha) was the highest amount. The results of variation analysis in 2007 showed that the effects of planting date, locality and their interaction on seed yield were significant at 1% significance level. Means comparison of treatments showed no significant differences between the yield seed of planting dates of November 6th and December 6th, but they had significant difference with April cultivation, while November cultivation's yield seed was higher (218.9 Kg/ha). The effect of locality on yield seed was significant as yield seed of Khojir locality (281.9 Kg/ha) was more than that of Noshahr locality. Interaction effects between locality and planting date on yield seed were significant as yield seed of November and December cultivations from Khojir locality (404.6 and 397.9 Kg/ha) was the highest amount. According to the results of cultivation for two years it can be concluded that autumn cultivation had more yield seed and biological function than that of spring cultivation due to having long growth period. In addition, seeds collected from Khojir locality had the highest yield seed and biological function among three studied localities.

In this research experiment the interactions between two types of irrigations (furrow & tape) and four levels of nitrogen (0, 60,120,180kg/h) and three levels of phosphorus(0,30,60kg/h) were studied. The sugar beet variety 7233 was used. This experiment was conducted in the field station of Sugar Beet Seed Institute in Kamal-Shahr (Motahhari Station), Karadj in 2006. Experimental design was split factorial design which two types of irrigations were in main plots and factorial combination of four levels of nitrogen & three levels of phosphorus were in subplot using randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that water use efficiency in tape irrigation system was 1.66 higher than furrow irrigation. The number of established plants, percentage of bolting, above ground biomass, total seed yield in tape irrigation was more than furrow irrigation too. However, although the percentage of germination, one thousands seed weight, percentage of standard seed size yield (3.5-5.5 mm) and amount of plant phosphorus in furrow irrigation system were higher than tape irrigation system, those in but the differences were not significant. The numbers of established plants, percentage of bolting were not effected by the different levels of nitrogen or phosphorous. But, by increasing the levels of nitrogen or phosphorus the total biomass, above ground and total seed yield increased. The results of this experiment showed that since the tape irrigation system increases the total seed weight and decrease the consumed water, cloud be replaced with furrow irrigation system. In addition, on the basis of results of this test, application of 120 and 60 kg/h nitrogen and phosphorous are recommended.