جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « مقاومت به شوری » در نشریات گروه « باغبانی »

Salinity is a limiting factor in agricultural production that inflicts great damages on agricultural products. In order to decrease or stop salinity stress, numerous methods are proposed by different researchers. One of the methods to reduce the damages of salinity stress is cultivating tolerant plants to salinity. In this research, resistance of three radish cultivars to salinity stress was investigated, from physiological points of view, and the best resistant cultivar was introduced. This factorial experiment was carried out in Research Greenhouse of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, based on complete randomized design, with three replications. Treatments included three commercial cultivars of radish (Cherry belle, Sparkler and Scarlett Cincinnati) as the first factor and four levels of salinity (control, 33, 66 and 99 mM NaCl) as the second factor. Salinity levels, as soluble form in irrigation water, were applied at the four-leaf stage of the plants. Results showed that salinity decreased the amount of soluble sugars and potassium content of aerial parts and tubers, and also increased stomatal conductance, anthocyanin content of tubers and sodium content of aerial parts and tubers. The highest tolerance of different radish cultivars to salinity stress was observed at 66 mM salinity level and the 33 mM salinity level had no significant difference, compared to control, in most physiological characteristics. Under salinity stress conditions, sodium accumulation in aerial parts was more than tubers. The highest amount of tuber anthocyanin was measured at 66 mM salinity level in Scarlett Cincinnati cultivar. Among the radish cultivars, the highest salinity tolerance and salt accumulation was obtained from Scarlett Cincinnati cultivar. Considering that the apparent shape of this cultivar (stretched appearance with red color) is very different from Cherry belle and Sparkler cultivars, and more water is stored in its tissues, thus, this trait has caused high resistance to salinity stress.

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of vermicompost and sodium chloride (NaCl) on growth of spinach cv. Viroflay and some chemical properties of post-harvest soil. The greenhouse experiment was factorial, arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments included three vermicompost levels (0, 1 and 2% w/w) and four salinity levels (0, 1, 2 and 3 gr NaCl/kg soil, equivalent to 0.7, 4.5, 8 and 11.5 dS/m, respectively). The highest relative yield of spinach shoots was obtained by application of 10% vermicompost, whereas, application of NaCl had no significant effect on relative yield of spinach shoots. Application of vermicompost increased mean leaf area and chlorophyll of shoots, organic matter (OM), electrical conductivity (EC), total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) of post-harvest soil. Addition of NaCl increased EC, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na and Cl of post-harvest soil, but had no significant effect on leaf area and chlorophyll content of shoots, OM and N of post-harvest soil. Addition of vermicompost had positive effect on spinach growth and plant nutrients availability in post-harvest soil. However, increased soil salinity, especially when high level of vermicompost is applied, should be considered. Application of NaCl, even up to the salinity of 11.5 dS/m, didn’t decrease significantly the spinach yield. Therefore, Viroflay cultivar could be introduced as a relatively resistant to salinity; although, before any recommendations, it is needed to do further experiments, especially under field conditions, to confirm the results of this study

Mycorrhizal fungi are capable of symbiosis with plants. They improve plant growth by increasing absorption of nutrient elements and decreasing salinity and toxicity of some elements. In the present research، the effect of different salinity levels and Mg/Ca ratios on mycorrhiza colonization of Glomus sp. and vegetative traits of Sorghum bicolor was studied in a factorial greenhouse experiment، based on a completely randomized design with 3 replications. The factors were two mycorrhiza levels (control and inoculated with mycorrhiza)، three salinity levels (2، 5 and 10 dS/m) and four Mg/Ca ratios (0. 5، 1، 2 and 4). Results showed that shoot and root weight (dry and wet) and shoot length decreased with increased salinity، but the decrease in the traits of inoculated treatments with mycorrhiza was significantly lower than non-treated samples (P<0. 05). Colonization percentage in salinity level of 10 dS/m decreased from 62. 17% (control) to 30. 67%. Both dry and wet weight of root and shoot and colonization percentage increased as Mg/Ca ratio increased، and inoculated plants showed more increase in wet and dry weight. Comparison of interaction effects of Mg/Ca ratio and mycorrhiza clearly showed that colonization percentage was significantly increased. It seems that inoculation has an important role in increasing growth parameters and decreasing negative effects of salinity and magnesium in sorghum plant.

In order to study the effects of salinity stress on morphological traits, essential oil content and ion accumulation in basil (Ocimum basilicum) plant under hydroponic conditions, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized blocks design with three replications was conducted on three landraces (Jahrom, Banafsh and Isfahan) and five NaCl salinity levels (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 mM) in controlled greenhouse conditions. The results indicated a significant reduction in plant height, shoot dry weight and root dry weight due to increasing salinity level. Among the landraces, Banafsh landrace had the highest biomass. Also, with the increase in salinity level, sodium ion content of shoot and root increased. However, Ca2+ and K+ contents and Ca2+/Na+ and K+/Na+ ratios of both shoot and root decreased. These ratios were higher in shoots, as compared to roots, of all three landraces. Essential oil content increased with the increase in stress level. However, this much increase in essential oil content is not important at high salinity levels due to high reduction in biomass. This could be important at moderate stress considering produced biomass. Among the studied landraces, Jahrom landrace contained the highest essential oil content.

Considering the increasing trend of saline land enhancement and lack of appropriate agricultural lands، identifying salt resistant plants such as fenugreek، which is an important medicinal plant، is important. To do so، a factorial experiment was conducted in the form of randomized complete blocks design with three replications on three fenugreek landraces (Yazd، Shiraz and Hendi) and five salinity levels (0، 40، 80، 120 and 160 mM NaCl) in hydroponic culture in greenhouse of College of Agriculture، Shahrekord University. The results showed that plant height، root length، shoot dry weight، root dry weight، and number of leaves per plant was reduced with the increase of salinity level. Increasing salinity level led to an increase in the amount of Na+ in shoot dry matter، while the amount of Ca+2 and K+ and Ca+2/Na+ and K+/Na+ ratios were decreased. The Yazd cultivar had the highest mean plant height (20. 1 cm)، shoot dry weight (1. 94 g per plant) and number of leaves (13. 4 per plant). Whereas، Shiraz cultivar had the highest amount of Ca+2 and K+ ions and also Ca+2/Na+ and K+/Na+ ratios. Based on the results of this research، it seems that Shiraz landrace، carrying genes related to salinity tolerance could be used to improve high yielding genotypes.