جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « گل دهی » در نشریات گروه « باغبانی »

Application of regulators in production of pot plants have been increasing due to lowering growth, improving branching and the number of flowering branches. In order to study the effect of levels and application method of trinexapac-ethyl regulator on height control and morphophysiological characteristics and flowering of Zinnia elegans, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications was performed. Zinnias seedlings were planted in polyethylene pots and subjected to trinexapac-ethyl with levels of zero, 2×10-3, 1×10-3, 0.5×10-3 and 4.5×10-4 g when the first bud emerged. Trinexapac-ethyl was applied in both foliar spray and soil application. According to the results, 1×10-3 and 2×10-3g trinexapac-ethyl caused significant reduction in plant height. As trinexapac-ethyl level increased, number of branches and flowers were increased accordingly most of which was under the latter treatment. Branch length and leaf number was not affected. The concentrations 1×10-3 and 2×10-3g increased chlorophyll and shoots sugars, but not on root. Similarly, soil application of Trinexapac-ethyl did not showed positive effects. In light of obtained results, foliar spray application of Trinexapac-ethyl may serve as a suitable way to produce dwarf and pot Zinnia elegans  ‘State fair mix’. Based on the obtained results, application of Trinexapac-ethyl as foliar application can control and reduce the height of the Zinnia elegans ‘State fair mix’.

In this study, the effects of fertigation with different levels of nitrogen (200, 400 and 600 g/tree and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was 4: 1: 3) and hole method fertilization on flowering, fruit yield, oil yeild and quality of olive cultivar Zard were investigated during two consecutive years. The results showed that fertigation treatments significantly increased inflorescences and flowers number, fruit and oil yield. The highest number of inflorescences and flowers were found with 400 g nitrogen as compared to the control and hole method fertilization in the first year. The highest fruit yield (35.2 kg/tree) was found with 400 g nitrogen in the first year and 400g and 600g nitrogen about 44.65 kg/tree in the second year. The highest oil yield (4.5 kg/tree) was found with 400 g nitrogen in the first year and 600 (8 kg/tree) and 400 (7.2 kg/tree) g nitrogen in the second year, respectively. No significant differences were found between fertigation treatments and hole method fertilization and control for oil peroxide value, free fatty acids, K232. The highest leaf nitrogen and potassium contents were found in hole metod fertilization and fertigation with  200 g nitrogen, respectively. Overall, fertigation with 400 g/tree nitrogen could increase fruit and oil yeild in olive cultivar Zard withoud undiserable effects on oil qualiy.

Understanding of flower induction and its related physiological events are very important in regulating of the kiwifruit fruiting. In this research, kiwifruit flower induction was investigated using defoliation without girdling and with girdling on current shoots, 4-6 months after bud swollen, in eight treatments for two years. Based on the results, the year alone was not statistically significant for measuring traits, but its interaction with the variety and treatment affected significantly some of the measured traits. Defoliation without girdling of female Hayward and male Tomuri cultivars current shoots did not have a significant effect on the percentage of budbreak and percentage of fertile shoots, but the number of flowers per cane and means flower per new shoots of Tomuri cultivar was significantly greater than those of Hayward. The effects of defoliation with girdling treatment on the budbreak percent, fertile shoot percent, the number of flowers per cane and the mean flowers per new shoot were 32.92%, 4.00%, 4.00 and 1.29 flowers for Hayward and 47.08%, 52.5%%, 53.53 and 11.72 flowers for Tomuri respectively. Flower induction in Tomuri cultivar started two weeks earlier than Hayward about five months from bud swelling and peaked in mid-September. Flower induction in the Hayward cultivar began about five and a half months from bud swelling and lasted until the end of it’s when about 88% of the broken buds were fruitful.

In order to investigate the effect of clinoptilolite natural zeolite on vegetative and reproductive properties of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.), this research was performed as a completely randomized design with five treatments (0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 g zeolite/kg soil mixture) and 10 replications (each replication consisted of a pot containing two bulbs). Results showed that the use of zeolite in soil mixtures of pot culture of tuberose has significant effects on measured vegetative and reproductive characteristics; although vegetative traits had a positive and significant response to the application of zeolite in soil mixtures compared to reproductive traits. The highest number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of leaf, root and bulblets, longest root length, and root volume were obtained in the application of 25 g zeolite/kg soil mixture. Although the highest flowering stem length and diameter were obtained in the application of 25 g zeolite/kg soil mixture, but no significant difference was observed as compated to control (no zeolite applicaion) treatment. The use of zeolite in growing medium reduced fresh and dry weight of flowering stem, and the highest amounts of these traits were observed in the control treatment. Also, application of zeolite in the medium caused early flowering of the bulbs. In all the measured traits, increasing the amount of zeolite from 25 to 200 g zeolite/kg soil mixture reduced their values. Therefore, according to the results of this study, 25 g zeolite/kg soil mixture could be recommended for pot culture of tuberose; although, more research is needed in this regard.

Nowadays, knowing that chemical fertilizers have distinct pollution effects on environmental quality parameters, the organic fertilizers represent a suitable and safe alternative, at least for landscape applications. However, the response of many ornamental and landscape plants, including Sweet William, to different chemical and organic fertilizers are not well known. Thus, this factorial experiment was conducted as a pot experiment, based on completely randomized design with three replications, to investigate the yield and quality responses of Dianthus barbatus to different levels of organic manure (0, 20 and 40% V/V) and NPK fertilizer (0, 1, 2 and 4 g/kg soil) under greenhouse conditions. Results of the experiment showed that application of 20% animal manure and low rate of NPK, compared to no manure or 40% manure, improved plant growth and quality (number of leaves, plant height, number of lateral shoots and number of flowers per plant). High levels of organic manure (40% V/V), as well as high levels of NPK (2 and 4 g/kg soil), separately or combined together, resulted in reduction of plant growth, and significant increase in germination, stemming and flowering times. Despite low germination rate and less plant growth in 40% animal manure treatment, both levels of animal manure resulted in increasing the number of flowers per plant, flowering period and vase life of the cut flowers. Therefore, according to the results of this experiment, as well as the importance of environmental health issues, medium level of animal manure and zero or low levels of NPK is suggested for optimum quantitative and qualitative production of Dianthus barbatus.

In this research the effects of size and halving of sugar beet steckling on stem length¡ number of main stem¡ shoot weight and seed yield were investigated. Experiment was conducted in 28 Dec. and 21 Feb. 2014 in field in split split plot design with 10 replications. Treatments were combination of three paternal HM5514¡ S1-24 and SB26 two levels of whole and sliced stecklings and three levels of size of stecklings. Results showed that root size had significant effects on stem length and seed yield. Where¡ the tallest of main stem of stecklings with crown diameter 1.71¡ 1.59¡ 2.29 and 2.44 cm were 60¡ 67¡ 99 and 114 cm¡ respectively. Results also showed that seed yield of of stecklings with crown diameter 3.39¡ 4.80 and 6.28 cm were 15.35¡ 22.64 and 31.13 gr¡ respectively. In addition¡ seed yield was reduced by slicing of steckling. However¡ total seed yield of 2 sliced steckling were significantly more than one whole steckling.

In this research studies the effects of duration of vernalization¡ size and halving of steckling on bolting¡flowering and seed setting of sugar beet were studied by conducting three experiments. First and second experiments were conducted in 28 Dec. and 1st Feb. 2014 in glasshouse. Treatments were stecklings of HM5514¡ two levels of whole and sliced stecklings and four levels of size of stecklings. Experiment was conducted in CRBD. The 3rd experiment was conducted in 28 Dec. and 21 Feb. 2014 in field in split split plot design with 10 replications. Treatments were combination of three paternal HM5514¡ S1-24 and SB26 two levels of whole and sliced stecklings and three levels of size of stecklings. Results of 1st experiment showed that no bolting occurred in even 100 days after stecklings replanting. Bolting occurred in 2ndand 3rd experiments 50 and 29 days after stecklings replanting¡ respectively. In 2nd experiment negative correlation was exist between stecklings size and time to bolting. Where¡ in stecklings with crown diameter 3.13 and 6.24 cm bolting occurred 60 and 50 days after stecklings replanting¡ respectively. In 3rd experiment¡ stecklings with crown diameter 3.4 and 6.3 cm bolting occurred 32 and 29 days after stecklings replanting¡ respectively. So¡ when verbalization requirement were fulfilled¡ there was no correlation between stecklings size and time to bolting. Bolting was postponed by slicing of steckling.

To determine effects of phenyl-phethalamate acid on yield and yield components of tomato، cucumber، eggplant and cabbage، this experiment was investigated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the spring and summer of 2010. Treatments included the time and number of foliar spraying with phenyl-phethalamate acid (1000 ppm). Control plants were not sprayed. The first step of foliar spraying was the start of flowering. Next sprays were repeated three times and 4 times for cucumber 15 days intervals. According to results، foliar spraying at flowering time had the highest effects on fruit numbers (73 fruits)، yield per plant (5 kg) and yield per area (10 kg/m2) in tomato. In cucumber، the highest fruit numbers (41 fruits) and yield per plant (6. 4 kg/m2) was observed in flowering stage. The highest fruit number (6. 7 fruits)، mean fruit weight (447. 3 g fruit-1) and yield per plants (3 kg/plant) was observed in eggplant with application of phenyl-phethalamate before flowering as well as 2 weeks later. In cabbage، foliar spraying at transplanting time، 2 and 4 weeks later، produced the largest heads (2. 4 kg head -1) and the highest plant total weight (3. 68 kg F. W.).

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of humic acid (0، 100، 500 and 1000 mg/L) and spraying times (1، 2، 3 and 4 weeks) on growth and yield of the ‘Hanza’ stock flower (Matthiola incana). The experiment was factorial، based on a completely randomized design، with 16 treatments and 7 replications in each treatment. Results of analysis of variance revealed that there were significant differences in number of leaves، plant height and chlorophyll content in the evaluated plants in various humic acid concentrations. However، spraying intervals showed no significant differences for the measured traits. Also، time of planting to flowering was significantly shortened in plants treated with different concentrations of humic acid. The longest time from planting to flowering (139 days) belonged to control treatment، which differed significantly with plants treated by 500 and 1000 mg/L humic acid. Analysis of variance showed that the effect of concentration on maximum fluorescence (Fm) and effect of spraying intervals on minimum fluorescence (F0) and variable fluorescence (Fv) were significantly different at 5% probability level. The highest value of Fm، F0 and Fv (1453. 58، 270. 16 and 1183. 42، respectively) was found in plants treated by 500 mg/L humic acid. No significant difference was observed in photochemical-quantum yield (Fv/Fm) in response to different treatments.