جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "nutrient elements" در نشریات گروه "باغبانی"

In order to evaluate the nutritional status of kiwi vineyards (Actinidia deliciosa ‘Hayward’) in Guilan province by multiple diagnosis (CND) method, 40 vineyards in two years (2018-2019) were surveyed. The leaf samples from the dominant variety (Hayward), from 30 vines and 10 leaves in four different geographical directions, (total of 100 leaves) in each vineyard were collected in August. The vines have been over ten years old in the east (Roodsar) and west (Talesh) of Gilan province. Then concentrations of nutrients B, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Mg, Ca, K, P and N were determined In this study, using the cumulative function model of variance ratio of (Fic (Vx) nutrients, multiple detection method and solving the equations of the third degree cumulative function related to nutrients, the average yield of 37.5 (ton/ ha) was determined as a separator between high and low yield groups. The results showed that there is a significant difference between high and low yield orchards in terms of nutrient concentrations. From the mean numbers of nutrients for the high-yield population, the desired concentrations of the 10 elements were obtained, including nitrogen 2.64 ± 0.28%, phosphorus 0.26±0.06% , potassium 1.62 ±0.58 %, magnesium 0.31 ± 0.08%, calcium 2.33 ±0.26 %, manganese 71 ± 0.0047 mg/kg, copper 14 ± 0.001 mg/kg, iron 173±0.00330 mg/kg, zinc 28±0.0006 mg/kg and boron 55±0.0029 mg/kg. According to the resulting norms, the frequency of elements deficiency of boron, manganese, nitrogen, phosphorus, copper and potassium was more than 50%, respectively.

The effect of nutrient solutions on the growth, development and flowering of calla lily was studied in a split plot design with completely randomized blocks design in soilless media cultures. The experiment was conducted with 16 treatments including four kinds of changed Quick nutrient solutions and four media cultures containing vermicompost and three replications and every replication included four pots. Results showed significant differences among different treatments regarding stem length, number of leaves, leaf area, number of flowers, spathe length, spathe width, root length, flowering period, pot life, amount of chlorophylls a, b, total and spathe anthocyanins. The highest number of leaves and the most amount of leaf chlorophylls resulted under the influence of nutrient solution 1 and vermicompost 5%. The highest root lenght resulted under the effect of nutrient solution 2 and vermicompost 5%. Treatment with nutrient solution 2 and vermicompost 15% showed the longest flowering period. Pot life of flower was longer than other treatments under the influence of nutrient solution 1 and without vermicompost. The highest number of flowers were seen as a result of nutrient solution 4 with vermicompost 5%. The amount of anthocyanins under the effect of nutrient solution 4 and vermicompost 10% was higher than other treatments. The largest stem diameter was obtained from nutrient solution 2 and vermicompost 15%. Also, it was concluded that nutrient solution 1 was more effective on vegetative characteristics of leaves because of having the most ammonium nitrate compared to other solutions and nutrient solution 2 had a significant effect on producing characteristics because of having the most potassium nitrate compared to other solutions.

A large part of the cultivated soils in western Iran is calcareous. This is effective in reducing the availability of essential nutrients in the soil and their uptake by plants. This study's aim was to investigate the effect of different levels of sulfur on chemical properties of a calcareous soil and tomato yield. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using sulfur at five levels of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 g/kg soil with the bacterium Thiobacillus thioparus with three replications (15 pots in total). Tomato seeds were sown two weeks after adding sulfur to the potting soil. At the end of the 60-day growth period, leaf samples and tomato crops were harvested to measure nutrient concentrations and determine the yield, respectively. The results showed that the application of sulfur significantly affected soil pH (19.9 to 20.4%), electrical conductivity (18.7 to 21.5%), and the availability of P (16.2 to 21.2%), Cu (16.6 to 22.8%), Zn (16.8 to 21.9%) and Fe (18.2 to 22.5%) in the soil. The concentrations of these elements were also affected in the plant tissue due to soil sulfur application in the range of 17.7 to 21.3% for P, 18.6 to 21.4% for Cu, 16.4 to 22.9% for Zn and 21.5 to 22.6% for Fe, respectively. Plant height was influenced similarly with an increase from 17.2 to 22.7%. In general, the results of this study showed that applying sulfur up to three grams per kilogram of calcareous soil could increase the uptake of nutrient elements by the plants through improving their availability which in turn resulted in the growth and yield increase of tomato.

Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassaDuch.,Rosaceae). fruitis rich of fiber, vitamin C, potassium and antioxidants. Since the balance of nutrients at the appropriate time for commercial fruit production, yield improvement and fruit quality is essential, so foliar application at key stages could have a positive effect on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of perennial crop fruits. Among essential mineral nutrients that are involved on plant physiology, micronutrients of zinc (Zn) and boron (B) because of their association with synthetic hormones are particularly important. In a study by Lolaei et al. (2012) conducted showed that the foliar application at flowering stage increased fruit quality and yield of strawberrycultivar ʻCamarosa’. The results of Rafeii and Pakkish(2014) indicated that spraying of strawberry cultivar ʻCamarosa’ with boric acid had a significant effect on yield, fruit weight, chlorophyll and leaf area. So according to the importance of micronutrients on horticultural yield improving and environmental protection, this investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of foliar application of zinc and boron and combination of them on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of strawberry cultivar ʻAromas’ in hydroponic system.
Material and The experiment was arranged in factorial based on a complete randomized block design with 9 treatments and 9 replications in 2015 and 2016 in greenhouse and laboratory of Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT), Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran. Experimental treatments were included: zinc at three levels (0, 100 and 200 mg l-1) of fertilizer source zinc sulfate and boron at three levels (0, 500 and 1000 mg l-1) of fertilizer source boric acid as alone or combined. Spraying of strawberry cultivar ʻAromas’ at 3 stages in hydroponic system were applied after the chilling requirement treatment. When Fruits were stained 75-80% and have appropriate size, were harvested. Traits that were evaluated include: vitamin C, antioxidant activity, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), taste index (TSS/TA), pH of fruit juice, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid, fruit weight, fruit length and diameter, leaf number, petiole length and plant height. The data collected were statistically analyzed using the computer software using SAS 9.1 and MSTATC, Analysis of variance techniques were employed to test the overall significance of the data, while the least significant difference (LSD) test (P ≤ 0.05) was used to compare the treatment means. Results indicated that foliar application of Zn and B significantly affected on the vitamin C, antioxidant activity, TSS, TA, TSS/TA, pH of fruit juice, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid, fruit weight, fruit length and diameter, leaf number and plant height (1% or 5% of probably level), while the Petiole length was not significantly affected. Between the different nutrient levels of zinc sulfate application at the concentrations of 100 and 200 mg l-1, boric acid application at the concentration of 500 mg l-1, the combination of zinc sulfate at 100 and 200 mg l-1 with boric acid at 500 mg l-1 play a significant role at increasing studying characteristicsexcept the content of TA. Zinc is effective at the formation of growth hormones and chloroplasts, it is also necessary for chlorophyll biosynthesis and also plays a very important role at cell division and the protein synthesis and carbohydrates metabolism. It seems this subject caused increased plant height, leaf number, petiole length, diameter, length and weight of the fruit and chlorophyll by foliar application. Boron is an element which increases weight by effect of reproductive growth and help to material production, production and transfer of carbohydrate, and nutrient by boron is necessary for fruit set and fruit retention. The results showed that zinc sulfate is effective on TSS, TA, taste index and pH, the increase may be attributed to their effects on different enzymes which are involved in the formation of proteins, acids and sugars, also enough amounts of boron in the plant, increased carbohydrate transport to fruit and areas of active growth and its effect is evident in increasing the amount of fruit sugar. Because of increased vitamin C and antioxidant capacity of plants had been sprayed with boron and zinc can be attributed to zinc that plays an active role in auxin production in plants, and vitamin C increases the production of auxin. Similarly, Kazemi (2014) reported the highest pH of fruit juice, TSS and TA at 150 mg l-1 of Zn for strawberry cultivar ʻPajaro’ and the lowest of these parameters was recorded in control. The results of our study is in accordance with Mashayekhi and Atashi(2012) who reported a significant positive correlation between chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid content of strawberry cultivar ʻCamarosa’ leaves that had been sprayed by B and sucrose. As Khan et al. (2015) simultaneously combined application of Zn and B in the ʻKinnow’ mandarin fruit increased vitamin C, tree height and fruit weight, diameter and length significantly that was consistent with our results. Since the foliar application of zinc sulfate at 100 and 200 mg l-1 with boric acid at 500 mg l-1 showed significant effect on quantitative and qualitative properties of strawberry, so to reduce the environmental effects caused by the indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers, foliar application of micronutrients is recommended as an effective management solution in the production of strawberry cultivar ʻAromas’ under hydroponic culture.

The present study investigates the effects of some mycorrhizal fungi with different fertilizer treatments on vegetative characteristics and Cuminum cyminum L. yield components. For this purpose, first experiments were carried out on rhizosphere soil of several plants of Apiaceae family (Bunium persicum, Cuminum cyminum and Coriandrum sativum), and according to the results, the superior isolate (isolate of Coriandrum sativum 3), which had the highest percentage of colonization, was selected for mass production of inoculum of mycorrhizal fungi. Then, the main experiment was performed on Cuminum cyminum in a factorial arrangement based on completely randomized design.Treatments including control and different levels of fertilization at two levels without inoculation and inoculation with mycorrhiza were accomplished in greenhouse with four replications. The results of data analysis indicated that the traits related to the shoot (stem height and diameter, fresh and dry weight, number of branches, number of flowers per plant), root traits (root volume and length), and the percentage of colonization were significantly (at 1% probability) affected by the combined use of mycorrhiza with chemical fertilizer, leading to improved vegetative properties and yield components in Cuminum cyminum. Combined consumption of mycorrhiza and fertilizer except micro elements (T5) in all traits was the best treatment. No significant difference was observed between fertilizer treatments and control treatment; however, with the presence of mycorrhizal fungi, the difference was significant among the traits studied.

This study was planed to determine the effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza (G. mosseae) symbiosis and three pistachio rootstocks of ‘Sarakhs’, ‘Abareqi’ and ‘Bane Baqi’ on elements uptake and distribution under salt stress. A greenhouse experiment was conducted as factorial with three factors of mycorrhizae by two levels (with or without mycorrhizae), saltiness of irrigation water by four levels (EC of 0.5, 5 10 and 15 dS.m-1) and rootstock by three levels (Sarakhs, Abareghi and Bane Baqi). Different levels of salt stress caused reduction in mycorrhizal colonization as well as elements uptake in all rootstocks while Na+ and Cl- accumulation in shoot and roots were increased as the effect of salt stress intensity. Elements distribution was affected by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as their accumulation (P, K, Na, Cl) were lower in roots than shoot. Mycorrhizal plants had higher concentrations of P, K, Ca and Zn and lower of Na and Cl in comparison to non-mycorrhizal plants. Symbiosis relations of pistachio rootstocks with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus led to increase salt stress resistance, which can be attributed, at least partially, to improve uptake of some low mobile elements like P and Zn and better osmosis regulation. Bane Baqi had lower content of Na and Cl in shoot and roots in comparison with two other which can be reason for its more resistance to salt stress.

Silicon is one of the beneficial nutrient elements for the most of the plants. This element improve the growth and yield of plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of foliar spray and root application of Micro- and Nano-SiO2 on concentration of macro- and micro elements and content of silicon in canopy of strawberry. Strawberry plants in the 4-5 leaves growth stage and two weeks later were affected by different concentration (0, 20, 40 and 80 mg L-1) of Micro- and Nano-silicon. At the end of the growth period of 4 months concentration of nutrient elements in canopy of plants measured, and finally the data were statistically analyzed. The results showed that Application of micro- and nano-silicon in high concentrations reduced the amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus. Application of micro- and nano-silicon increased the concentrations of potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese and silicon significantly, but on zinc and copper amounts not significant effect. The concentration of 60 mg L-1 Nano-SiO2 in root-applied method showed the better results on the most studied traits than the other treatments as well as the control and it can be a good option for recommendations to be considered in the soilless culture of strawberry in greenhouse. Overall, the application of Nano-SiO2 than Micro-SiO2 as well as root-application than foliar-application methods has shown better results.

Fumitory is an annual and herbaceous plant. Its active substances that mostly exist in aerial parts are including alkaloids such as fumaryn and Synaktyn, and also resins and mucilage. Vermicompost is a bio organic fertilizer which contains enzymes, bacteria, plant residues and animal manure. In this study an experiment was run as completely randomized design in three replications and five treatments. Treatments were including of control (No fertilizer), three levels of vermicompost (5, 15 and 30 percent) and chemical fertilizer (N:P:K, 20:20:20). After flowering of the plants, alkaloids were measured by HPLC using internal standard noscapine and external standard fumaric acid. The results showed significant effect of vermicompost on the amount of Fumitory alkaloids. The vermicompost treatment of 30 percent had the maximum and minimum amount of alkaloids, respectively. All micro and macro elements had significant differences in compared to control plants. The results indicated a positive effect of vermicompost on all the measured traits in this experiment. Totally, the use of agricultural inputs (organic and chemical) and favorable impact on yield and secondary metabolites of in this plant.

In this research, the interactive effect of cadmium and mycorrhzal symbiosis was studied on growth, nutrients uptake and mycorrhizal colonization percentage in ‘Qazvini’ pistachio seedlings. The experiment was carried out based on completely randomized design as factorial with two factors of mycorrhiza at two levels (with or without mycorrhiza) and cadmium (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 mg l-1). Cadmium caused a reduction in vegetative parameters and increase in leaf abscission percentage. Nutrients uptake was also affected by cadmium where root P, Mg, Fe and Mn reduced. Stem Ca and Zn were increased primarily and then decreased. Leaf Zn, Stem and leaf Mn and root, stem and leaf Cd were increased. Moreover, mycorrhizal colonization of pistachio seedlings improved vegetative parameters under cadmium stress in comparison with non-mycorrhizal seedlings. Cd uptake and translocation was significantly higher in non-mycorrhizal seedlins in comparison with mycorrhizal ones. Mycorrhizal colonization percentage was increased with increasing cadmium levels. In conclusion, mycorrhizal symbiosis with ‘Qazvini’ pistachio seedlings in the presence of Cd, improved nutrients uptake like Mg, Fe and P and reduced Cd uptake and as a result, it reduced the toxicity effects of Cd on plants and maintained their growth.

Summer pruning and calcium spray could improve kiwifruits quality. In this study، effect of summer pruning in two times، 2 and 15 days after petal fall alone or in combination with %1 calcium chloride spray on fruit quality and mineral elements contents of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit was investigated. Calcium sprayed four times 90 days after petal fall with 15 days intervals. The results showed that summer pruning، especially 2 days after petal fall significantly increased fruit diameter، fruit weight and total soluble solid (TSS). Control vine)without summer pruning and calcium spray) had the lowest dry matter and vitamin C content. Fruit calcium and magnesium concentration and also nutrient elements ratios were significantly affected by summer pruning and calcium spray. In contrast، nitrogen، phosphorus and potassium content were not affected by them. The highest calcium and the lowest magnesium content were found in the vines that pruned 2 day after petal fall alone or in combination with calcium spray. The highest nutrient elements ratios، K/Ca، Mg/Ca، N/Ca was found in control vine (without pruning and calcium spray). Overall، summer pruning and calcium spray could.

Fungal endophytes are microorganisms that associate with healthy plant tissues, persisting without causing diseases symptoms in the host. These fungi improve the plant’s ability to withstand environmental stresses, resistance to pathogens, herbivores and provide increased nutrient absorption and improve plant growth. The main goal of this research was to characterize fungal endophytes in plane trees and study the relationship between presence of endophyte with morphological characteristics of plane trees and nutrient elements of leaves. Healthy tissues of plane tree (shoots, bark and leaves) from 21 young and 19 age-old trees were collected. Approximate age and height were determined and greenness and nutrient elements concentration were also evaluated. Shoots and bark pieces were surface sterilized and placed in Petri dishes containing PDA. The results showed endophytic frequency was greater in age-old trees (60.04%) than young trees (39.96%). Endophytes had positive correlations with Fe and K concentration in leaves and height and circumference of trees. Fungal endophytes may act as plant fertilizers by enhancing nutrient elements assimilation and may affect survival of plane trees.

To study the effect of foliar application of humic acid on morpho-physiological traits, nutrients uptake and postharvest vase life of cut marigold, an experiment was conducted with five levels of humic acid (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 ppm) based on completely randomized design with three replications. Based on the results, in compared with control, leaf number and leaf area, total phenol and aerial and root dry weight significantly influenced by humic acid. Accordingly, the highest flower number in compare with control plants was observed in 250 and 500 ppm concentrations. Also, foliar application of humic acid showed a significant effect on phosphorous and calcium uptake (P

In order to evaluate the effects of enriched and non-enriched organic and chemical fertilizers on chemical properties of soil and some nutrient concentrations in pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.)، a pot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with 11 treatments and 3 replications in 2010. Treatments were included control (without organic or chemical fertilizer)، chemical fertilizer (CF) as the rate of 80 kg urea ha-1، 100 kg ha-1 super phosphate triple and 80 kg potassium sulfate ha-1، compost، pasteurized compost (bagas + perlit)، sheep manure (10 ton ha-1 alone or plus ½ and ¼ CF). Results showed that fertilizer treatments had significant effect on all treatments except leaf potassium. Accordingly، leaf and flower dry weight were maximum in 10 ton ha-1 pasteurized compost and farmyard manures plus ½ and ¼ CF. The highest phosphorous concentration in flower and leaf (0. 46 and 0. 17 percent، respectively) was recorded when 10 ton ha-1 compost plus ¼ CF was applied. Furthermore، maximum Cu concentration in both flower and leaf (32. 60 and 26. 25 mg L-1، respectively) were belonged to either 10 ton ha-1 compost plus ½ CF or 10 ton ha-1 farmyard manure while 10 ton ha-1 farmyard manure plus ½ CF had not significant effect on Mn content in flower and leaf. The highest Zn in leaf of marigold was observed in 10 ton ha-1 compost up to 1. 2 times compared to control.

This research carried out in the Rafsanjan pistachio orchard to investigate the effect of N form، manure، K and Fe on yield، nut quality and leaf mineral nutrients concentrations of Pistacia vera L. cv. Fandoghi grafted on Badami-Riz Zarand rootstock. The experiment was as factorial with four factors including; manure (without manure and 10 kg tree-1 sheep manure)، N form (ammonium sulfate and calcium nitrate)، K (without K and 600 kg K tree-1) and Fe (without Fe and 100 g Fe tree-1) and randomized complete blocks design with 6 replications. Fertilizers were added to the soil in holes with 40-60 cm depth on two sides of trees، and treatments effects was evaluated during two years. The results showed that ammonium application increased the nut yield compared to nitrate fertilizer، this increase in yield is may related to the higher N and Fe in plants and consequently leaf chlorosis alleviation due to the chlorophyll contents elevation by these elements. Combination of ammonium-N and Fe increased split pistachio nuts. In this research، ammonium application increased the concentration of Fe، Zn، N and K and reduced P، Ca and Mg concentrations in leaves. Therefore، it is suggested to use N fertilizer containing ammonium rather than nitrate in pistachio orchards with mainly high soil pH.

To study the effects of potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) with cadmium (Cd) in roots، stem، leaves and fruits of tomato plants، a greenhouse experiment was conducted as factorial based on complete random blocks design. The first factor was Zn at three levels (88. 8، 177. 6 and 355. 2 μg/L) and the second factor was K at three levels (255، 510 and 1020 mg/L). In this experiment، the basic nutrition solution (Hoagland) contained 20 μM Cd in all the treatments. At the second harvest period، the concentration of Cd، K and Zn was measured in different organs of the plants including roots، stem، leaves and fruits. Results indicated that increasing Zn concentration in nutrition solution had no significant effect on concentration of Cd and K in roots; but، it increased Zn concentration in roots. In stem، application of Zn increased concentration of Cd and Zn; but had no effect on K concentration. In leaves، concentration of K and Cd was increased; but no effect was observed on Zn concentration. In fruits، the concentration of Zn، K and Cd was not affected by increasing Zn concentration in nutrition solution. Increasing K concentration in nutrition solution had no significant effect on concentration of Cd، Zn and K in roots. In stem، only the concentration of Zn was increased. But in leaves، Cd reduced and K increased concentration of K. In fruits، it caused an increase in concentration of Zn. Interaction of K and Zn was significant on concentration of K in roots and Zn in fruits. In general، under the conditions of the present research، in tomato plant، Zn and Cd have synergistic effect and K and Cd have antagonistic effect.

Zinnia is one of the beautiful and attractive flowers due to its length of blooming period and various colors. The effects of phosphorus (P) and vermi-compost and zeolite media on some growth characteristics and chemical composition of Zinnia were studied in a greenhouse experiment. Treatments consisted of 3 phosphorus levels (0، 5 and 150 mg P per kg soil) and 3 zeolite and vermi-compost levels (0، 5 and 10% w/w)، that were arranged in a completely randomized design with 3 replications. Plants grew for two months in the greenhouse. Then، they were cut from collar and leaves and stems were separated. Leaf area، chlorophyll content، fresh and dry weight of plants، dry weight of leaves، dry weight of roots، and concentration of P، zinc and iron in the aerial parts of the plants were measured. The results showed that vermi-compost treatment had the highest amount of growth parameters and the differences were significant as compared to control and other treatments. Zeolite decreased the studied plant growth parameters as compared to the control; the least amount of growth parameters belonged to zeolite treatment.

To study the effects of soilless culture on optimizing the concentration of nutrient elements in leafy vegetables, an experiment was conducted in Ramsar, Iran, during summer 2007 using a randomized complete block design with three replication. Five common leafy vegetables including sweet basil, savory, garden cress, Allium sp and parsley were grown in experiment desing containing sand without any nutritious elements and were irrigated with water containing Papadopoulos nutritious solution. When the plants were sufficiently grown, fifteen samples from each vegetables were selected randomly, and macro and micro elements were measured in them. Based on the results of analysis of variance on data collected, leafy vegetables differed significantly in concentration of N (at %5 level) and K, Fe, Zn and B (at %1 level) but they were not significantly different in concentration of P, Mn and Cu. Means comparison showed that the concentration of measured elements were in permissible and desirable levels in leafy vegetables and consumption of them will not cause signal to appear malnutrition or effects of aggregation of thse elements in consumers. According to the obtained results it can be concluded that development and promotion of soilless culture of leafy vegetables could undoubtedly improve the well nutrition of consumers.