جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد » در نشریات گروه « باغبانی »

Salinity is one of the most important and common environmental stresses that affects the quantitative and qualitative yield of many plants. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is one of the most well-known medicinal plants, which is used in the cure of many diseases due to its various effective compounds such as trigonelline. This study was aimed at investigating the effects of salinity stress on the yield components and some physiological and biochemical characteristics of four fenugreek populations under the greenhouse conditions. The pot factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. The experimental factors included four populations (Neishabour, Shirvan, Shiraz, and Ardakan) and four salinity levels (0, 30, 60, and 90 mM). At the final stages of growth, the traits including the relative water content (RWC), number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 1000-seed weight, and content of soluble sugars, proline, and trigonelline were measured in the mature plants. The salinity stress decreased the yield traits such as the number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, and 1000-seed weight in the all populations studied. The results showed that the salinity stress also decreased the concentration of soluble sugars and RWC, but increased the content of proline and trigonelline in the seeds. The population Shiraz was superior to the others in terms of the traits studied and showed more efficient mechanisms to tolerate the stress conditions.

Datura stramonium L. is one of the important medicinal plants in the pharmaceutical industry due to its alkaloid compounds. To investigate the effects of urea fertilizer at three levels (60, 120, and 180 kg.ha-1) and planting density at three levels (6, 10, and 14 plants.m-2) on the yield and yield components of this plant species, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in the research farm of Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Iran in 2018 and 2019 crop years. The main effects of density and urea on the traits including height, number of lateral branches, and 1000-seed weight and the interaction of different urea and density levels on the traits including seed yield, biological yield, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per plant, and number of seeds per capsule were significant in both years. The highest seed yield (1282.37 and 1212.53 kg.ha-1, respectively in 2018 and 2019 years) was obtained in the urea fertilizer 180 kg.ha-1 and 6 plants.m-2 treatment. The causal analysis results showed that the highest direct positive effect at the different levels of density and urea was related to the number of capsules per plant. The results of this experiment showed that the application of 180 kg.ha-1 of urea and 6 plants.m-2 could play an important role in increasing the seed yield of medicinal plant D. stramonium.

Optimal management of irrigation water and optimal use of food under salinity and drought is very important. The objective of this research was assessment root water uptake function of tomato under simultaneous water, salinity and   different levels of nitrogen stresses. The experiments were carried out on tomato plant in a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments consist four levels of water irrigation (50, 75, 100 and 100 percent of water requirement), Six levels of salinity (1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 dS/m) and three levels of nitrogen including zero, 50 and 100 percent of the fertilizer needs. Water, salinity and nitrogen stresses treatments were applied from the flowering plant. .The results showed under simultaneous salinity and nitrogen stresses, modified MB model and under simultaneous water and salinity stresses, MB-H, MB-F,MB-D and MB-VG models had better accuracy and MB-F Model in comparison with other models had the best fit against the measured data. In simultaneous water, salinity and nitrogen stresses multiplicative MB-MB-F model is the best fit than other suggested

In order to investigate the effect of humic acid and irrigation interval on yield and yield components of corn seed of Single Crusher 704 cultivar in Zabol, a split plot experiment (split plot) in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Experimental treatments include main plots three levels: 6 days (A1), 9 days (A2) and 12 days (A3), and and sub plots of research include humic acid in four levels including control or weekly (B1) Biweekly (B2), Triweekly (B3) and Monthly (B4). The results of analysis of variance showed that the effects of irrigation and spraying of humic acid on their harvest index, plant height, number of ear per plant and number of seeds per ear were significant. The highest Harvest index (51.42%), plant height (190 cm), number of ear per plant (3.6 N.o) and number of grain per ear (612 N.o) were obtained irrigated conditions for 6 days and Biweekly Humic acid spray treatment. According to the results of the experiment, the best irrigation interval for corn seed is recommended for 6 days irrigation, with the use of Biweekly for humic acid solution for cultivation in the area.

Access to water is limited in many parts of the world and the drought process is more than any other environmental factor is limiting plant’s growth and crop production. In this study, quantitative and qualitative traits of Triticum aestivum (Triticum aestivum) under irrigation at the end of the growing season, as a randomized complete block design with three replications, were conducted at a Research Field in Bukan County was studied. The main factor of moisture restriction (S) was two levels of S1: optimal moisture conditions and S2: Moisture constraint with irrigation cut off at the seed filling stage and in the event of rainfall, preventing precipitation by drainage during the filling stage. The second factor (C) is five types of wheat, including cultivars C92-5 and C91-4, Mihan, Heidari and pishgam. Tension treatments at the block and wheat cultivars in the block were placed. Drought stress reduced the traits (plant height, internode length, panicle length, number of seeds per spike, grain yield and biology, 1000 grain weight and harvest index). Among the cultivars used in this experiment, Heidari variety was superior to other cultivars in terms of traits, and in some cases, it had a significant superiority. For example, in the weight of a thousand seeds and number of seeds per spike, the cultivar Mihan and the number of spikes per square meter, the pioneer was superior to the rest of the cultivars. In conditions of drought stress, heydari, Mihan and pishgam cultivars were superior to the other two cultivars.

In order to investigate the effect of humic acid and different methods of seed priming on yield and yield components of rainfed wheat under supplemental irrigation conditions, a split split plot design in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) design with three replications in Kermanshah province. The irrigation factor consisted: pure raunfed and supplemental irrigation in the main plot; Humeic acid included: non-use and use in the subplot and seed biopriming including: prime with fungus Mycorrhiza, Prime with mixed of PGPR, Prime with Flavobacteriun, Prime with Mycorrhiza+PGPR, and Prime with Mycorrhiza+Flavobacteriun were sub-sub plots. The main effects of supplemental irrigation, humic acid and seed biopriming methods were significant on all traits. The supplementary irrigation treatment had the highest grain yield, biological yield, harvest index (HI), spikelet number per spike, seeds number per spike and wheat plant height, with 3518.139 kg ha-1, 10200.5 kg ha-1, 34.339 %, 12.944, 29.028 and 99.944 cm, respectively. Humeic acid treatment had the highest grain yield, biological yield, harvest index (GI), spikelet number per spike, seeds number per spike and plant height, with 3393.778 kg ha-1, 10136.278 kg ha-1, 33.356 %, 12.444, 27.583 and 639.98 cm, respectively. Between the different seed biopriming treatments, seed co-bioprime with mycorrhizal fungus and mixture of PGPR bacteria (Azotobacter + Azospirillum + Pseudomonas) had the highest grain yield, biological yield, harvest index (HI), spikelet number per spike, seeds number per spike and plant height was allocated with 3887.167 kg ha-1, 10703.25 kg ha-1, 36.167 %, 14.5, 33.0 and 105.5 cm, respectively.

To study amounts of nitrogen fertilizer on corn yield, an experiment in 2014 at the Research Farm of Islamic Azad University-Karaj Branch in the form of split block within the framework of randomized complete block design with four replications was performed. The different treatments of the experiment included urea fertilizer with three levels of 100, 150, and 200 kilogram per hectare and the distribution of sulfur coated nitrogen with three levels of 100, 150, and 200 kilogram per hectar. The results of analysis of variance showed that the distribution of nitrogen fertilizer on thousand grains weight, grain yield and harvest index at the level of 5% and plant fresh weight, plant dry weight and biological yield at the level of 1% were significant. According to the ANOVA interactions results only on grain yield at the level of 1% and harvest index at the level of 5% were significant. It can be concluded that the impact of fertilizer distributingin three stages has a good effect on corn traits. In addition, using nitrogen from various sources has been caused an increase in grain yield and thousand grains weight. According to the results, we can conclude with split application of nitrogen can be avoided of nitrogen avalable losses to plants. As a result of increased nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) increased the corn yield will be.

Beans as an important source of food are increasingly under attention nowadays. Genotypes as well as yield components can be affected by agricultural managements. This experiment was conducted as split plot based on randomized complete design with three replication in Challus city- Mazandaran Province. Main factor was distance between rows(25¡45¡65 Cm) and sub factor was distance of plants on rows(10¡15¡20 Cm). Results of distance between rows¡ distance of plants on rows and interactions showed significant differences for most of the measured traits. The best and highest yield obtained from 45 Cm distance between rows and 15 Cm distance between plants on the rows.

The following study was achieved to investigating the effects of bio-fertilizers N-fixer bacteria and Methods of controls weeds on quality and quantity characteristics Corn(Zea MaysL. Var K.S.C.406). An experiment was conducted in a Split-plot design as base of randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Treatments main plat included bio-fertilizers on three levels (Azotobacter, Azospirillum and Control). And Sub plat Methods of controls weeds on Five levels (with out weeding, complete weeding, 2 lit.ha herbicides Nicosulfuron, 1.5 lit.ha herbicides Nicosulfuron, 1 lit.ha herbicides Nicosulfuron). In this study, the maximum Number of spikes per Plant (2.38N.o), grain yield (11313.1 a kg.ha-1) ,biological yield (28673.4 Kg ha-1) and Harvest Index(39.5 %) obtained from Azotobacter with complete weeding treatment had no significant difference with Azotobacter with 2 lit.ha herbicides Nicosulfuron, Azospirillum with 2 lit.ha herbicides Nicosulfuron, Azospirillum with complete weeding treatments. The highest1000 grain weight (300.9 gr), plant height (207 Cm), Stem diameter( 4.32 Cm), Ear length( 36.1 Cm) were assigned of Azospirillum with 2 lit.ha herbicides Nicosulfuron treatment had no significant difference with Azotobacter with 2 lit.ha herbicides Nicosulfuron, Azotobacter with complete weeding, Azospirillum with complete weeding treatments. On the other hand the minimum this characteristic allocated to control with with out weeding. The maximum number of weeds per square meter (14.5 N.o), Fresh weight of weeds per square meter (2.146 Kg.m2) and dry matter of weeds per square meter (0.558 kg.m2) were achieved from Azospirillum with with out weeding. And minimum this characteristics allocated to included biofertilizers with 2 lit.ha herbicides Nicosulfuron. This idea necessary to more research.

Peas are the second most important plant families with high quality protein and important role in increasing soil nitrogen. The plant is sensitive to salinity and given that a large part of our land and the passion necessary to make possible the necessary measures to be taken to prevent a decrease in performance. In this regard, one of the elements that can improve plant water status, the effects of salinity amend, is silicon. For this purpose, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted. Treatments consisted of soil salinity at levels 2, 4 and 6 dS/m and sodium with levels of 0, 1 and 2 mM. The results showed that salinity had a significant effect on the number of pods per square meter, number of seeds per square meter, grain weight, grain yield and dry matter, so that increasing salinity level would be to reduce the amount of these traits. The yield on the EC 6 dS.m to the 41.4 grams per square meter, respectively. Silicon is also a significant effect on the number of pods per square meter, seed weight and seed yield. The highest grain yield in 2 mM sodium consumption to the amount of 99.7 grams per square meter.

In order to investigate the impact of nano-silver particles sprayed on sweet corn yield in water deficit stress conditions, Nodal experimental split plot in a randomized complete block design at the Research Farm of Islamic Azad University Varamin was conducted in 1392. Experiment with three replications and 12 treatments were a total of 36 plots. Dehydration stress was based on evaporation from pan class A which contains I0: 50 mm evaporation from pan class A (normal irrigation), I1: 80 mm evaporation from pan class A and I2: 110 mm evaporation from pan class a and subplots consisted of four levels sprayed silver nanoparticles which contains A0: sprayed pure water, A1: 30 mg per liter, A2: 60 mg per liter and A3: 90 mg per liter respectively. As well as different levels of silver nanoparticles on the surface of a percent yield and biological yield had a significant effect on the level of five percent. The highest plant height (181.41 cm), KTW (151.56 g), number of kernel per ear (327.71 numbers), yield (3227.9 kg per hectare) and biomass (13116.01 kg per hectare) related to water stress level I0, and the results showed that treatment with 30 mg per liter maximum value in yield (3255.3 kg per hectare) and biomass (12640.81 kg per hectare) found. The interaction between water stress and silver nanoparticles also maximum harvest index (43.99%) for 80 mm evaporation from pan class A and 30 mg per liter respectively. The results showed that the use of silver nanoparticles enhances the sweet corn under drought stress tolerance and yield losses were largely prevented.

In order to study the effects of rate and time of nitrogen application on yield and yield components of karela (Momordica charantia L.)، a field experiment as split plot design with three replications was conducted in 2011 at Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources of Sistan. The treatments consisted of three levels of nitrogen fertilizer، obtained from urea source، at the rate of N1=75، N2=150 and N3=225 kg N. ha-1 as main plot، and three time application including: T1=1/2 at 3 and 4 leaves and 1/2 before flowering، T2= 1/2 at 3 and 4 leaves and 1/2 after fruit to start and T3=1/3 at 3 and 4 leaves، 1/3 before flowering and 1/3 after fruit to start were used as sub plot. Results showed that nitrogen application had significant effect on the yield and amount of biomass production (p < 0. 01) in karela. By increasing nitrogen level from 75 to 225 kg N. ha-1، yield and biomass values increased. The amount of yield increased about 63. 1%. Nitrogen treatment had positive and significant effect on yield components including plant height، number of lateral branches، number of fruits per plant، number of seeds per fruit، the length and diameter of fruit. Timing of nitrogen application had only significant effect on yield، the amount of biomass production، number of fruits per plant، length and diameter of fruit. The maximum yield of karela was obtained at T2 treatment.

In order to investigate the effects of mycorhiza fertilizer and to reduce chemical fertilizer on yield components of corn, an experiment was conducted on Robat Karim region farm during 2014-2015. The experiment was carried out using factorial design in randomized complete block with three replications. The first factor was different levels of phosphor fertilizer consist of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% and Second factor was consist of do not use of mycorhiza fertilizer (control), 60 kg.ha, 120 kg.ha. Results variance analysis showed that grain yield, 1000 grain weight , Number of grain per row cob, grain on in ear row was significant. The most of grain yield and number of grain per row was in treatment of 50% phosphor fertilizer and 60kg.ha mycorhiza and least of treatment was obtain in control and 25% phosphor fertilizer. The most of number of grain per row was obtain in treatment of 120kg.ha mycorhiza and 50% phosphor fertilizer. Therefore it is recommended that for better efficiency and reduced consumption of phosphate fertilizer soil mineral elements, 50 percent of phosphate fertilizer recommendations and the application of 60 kg. ha mycorrhiza was used in planting corn.

In order to evaluate the effects of cultivar and planting pattern on soybean seed yield and yield components a split plot experimental design based on completely block design in three replications was carried out during spring in Bay-e-cola Agricultural Research Station with an elevation of 4 m over sea level and average rain fall of 514 mm. There were three cultivars namely: BP, JK and 032 as main plot and six planting patterns namely: 20×5, 20×10, 30×5, 30×10, 40×5, 40×10 cm2 as sub plot. The results obtained showed that maximum 100-seed weight in main stem and minimum number of seed per pod in main stem obtained in JK cultivars and maximum number of pod in main stem obtained in BP. It was observed that seed yield was not significantly affected among the cultivars. The maximum seed yield obtained for 40x10 cm2 pattern with 951.7g.2m2, coinciding with maximum number of pod per plant and seed per pod in main stem. It was also observed that maximum number of pod in main stem obtained at the interaction effects of BP cultivar at 40x10 cm2 where as the minimum number of empty pod in main stem obtained for BP as 30x5 cm2. Maximum seed yield observed at interaction effects of BP and 30x10 cm2.

In order to Effect of weed interference and different amounts of nitrogen on yield and yield components of grain sorghum a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications in the 2012 crop year in Salemi Shahid farm located in Ahvaz condition carried.The main plot in this experiment was included three levels of Nitrogen Fertilizer N80, N140 and N200 Kg. ha-1 nitrogen from urea and Subplot Was included three levels of weed competition, weeding weeds until the end of grow (w1), Weeding weeds up to 6-leaf stage (w2) and Weeding the heading stage. The results showed that with the increased application of nitrogen, yield and yield components (Number of spikelet in panicle, Number of grain in spikelet, Number of grain in panicle and Weight of 1000 grains) show a significant increase. So that the maximum grain yield of sorghum with an average of 365.69 grams per square meter to 200 kg N ha respectively. Also reduce weed interference caused significant increase in these characteristics and the maximum grain yield of weeding weeds with an average of 427.19 grams per square meter, respectively that due to a decrease in yield components, grain yield decreased.

To study the effects of irrigation interval and nitrogen level on yield and yield components of Fenugreek medicinal plant، an experiment in split plot arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications conducted at the Azad University of Birjand in 2009. Treatments included; irrigation intervals (4، 8 and 12 day) as main plot and nitrogen fertilizer (none fertilizer، 50، 100 and 150 kg/ha) as subplot. Results showed that the difference between 4 and 8 days of irrigation intervals for seed yield wasn’t significant، but the highest amount of forage yield achieved from irrigation after 4 days. Rising of nitrogen level led to increase of yield and yield components and the difference between 100 and 150 kg/ha nitrogen for seed and forage yield wasn’t significant. Irrigation interval has a considerable effect on all yield components except of pod length. Nitrogen also has a significant effect on plant height and number of pod per plant but it was insignificant on number of seed per pod، seed weight and pod length. Interaction effect of irrigation and nitrogen indicates that in 4 and 8 days of irrigation intervals، amounts of 100 and 150 kg/ha nitrogen have the highest effect on yield and yield components، but with increase of irrigation intervals to 12 days، 100 kg/ha nitrogen have the highest effect on all traits.

Application of bio fertilizer, especially nitrogen- fixing cooperating bacteria, together with chemo fertilizers tend to be the most important integrated method for Plant nitrogen for Performance management of agricultural ecosystems and increasing production in a stable agricultural system.With Sufficient inputs. In order to in vest gated the effect of biofertilizer Azorhizobium and Nitro Chimo fertilizer on quality and quantity Properties of different Brassica Cultivar, an experiment using factorial completely randomized block design in triplicate was performed in Research Field of Islamic Azad University, Varamin. The treatments were at four levels including Nitro fertilizer, biofertilizer Azorhizobium, 50% Nitro fertilizer Azorhizobium, and 25% Nitro fertilizer Azorhizobium as well as at three levels of rape cultivars including Hyola402, Hyola401, RGS. The results of this study showed that using N- fixing cooperating bacteria (Azorhizobium) improved morponents performance. Also it was demonstrated that in the presence of these bacteria, the amount of applied nitro chemo fertilizer is reduced to one – fourth of the recommended Value on the basis of Soil test. In this study, the best performance of 25% nitrogen fertilizer, manure and biofertilizers on Hyola401 in Azorhizobium respectively.

Effects of planting date on performance and parts of performance of promising (hopeful) lines of an experiment in the shape of shattered plots in the form of blocks of complete random with 4 repetitions in a farm in Shushtar was implemented in summer in agronomical year of 2007-2008.Experimental treatments consisted of three dates of planting dates-9th, 19th 29th of Tir and the lines under investigation included VC6153B-20G, VC6372 and VC6173A. Moreover, Parto cultivars were taken as the witness. The tissue of soil was loam clay. the results of this experiment pointed out that the history effect of planting date and variety was significant whit the level of one percent. Like wise. The greatest grain performance to the amount of 3575 kg.ha was obtained through both planting date of Tir 29th and the variety of VC6153B20G.The It seems that among the performance parts it is the number of case in the bush and grain in the case that has a greater role in enhancing the performance in contrast to other performance parts.

This experiment was carried out at varamin region in 2013. This experiment was carried out at factorial in randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Zinc sulphate in three levels including 0, 25 and 50 kg per ha-1 and iron sulphate in three levels including (0, 5 and 10 kg per ha-1. Results showed that with zinc application compare to control treatment grain yield was increasing that with 10 kg Zn per ha-1 that rate was equal to 6753.5 kg.ha-1. The most iron uptake was obtained with 5 and 10 kg Fe per ha-1. The highest Zn uptake was observed with 10 kg Zn per ha-1. The maximum grain yield equal to 6832.27 and 6960.71 kg.ha-1 was produced at interaction of 5 and 10 kg Fe ha-1 for 50 kg Zn per ha-1. The highest harvest index was obtained at interaction of 10 kg Fe use per ha-1 with 50 kg Zn per ha-1. Treatment interactions showed that the most iron concentration equal to 115.4 and 117.23 ppm was obtained for 10 kg Fe per ha-1 with 25 and 50 kg Zn per ha-1. The maximum Zn concentration was observed at interaction of 5 kg Fe per ha-1 for 50 kg Zn per ha-1. The maximum P concentration was produced at interaction of 10 kg Fe use per ha-1 with 50 kg Zn per ha-1. The most Fe concentration was observed at interaction of 10 kg Fe use per ha-1 for 50 kg Zn per ha-1.Therefore, application of zinc and iron sulphate due to increase quantity and quality yield of corn.

In order to study the effect of irrigation regimes and potassium fertilizer yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) as a medicinal plant, a field experiment was conducted in a factorial design based on randomized complete blocks with three replications. The experiment was performed on a winter safflower genotype (Goldasht) at the experimental farm of Ghazvin during cropping season 2009-2010. Four irrigation regimes including 60 (Control), 100, 140 and 180mm evaporation from evaporation pan (Class A) and four levels of potassium fertilizer including 0 (Control), 50, 100 and 150 kg.ha-1 comprised the experimental factors. Results showed that with increasing irrigation level, seed yield, plant height, stem diameter, number of branches per plant, head diameter, number of heads per plant and number of seeds per head increased significantly; as the seed yield of the irrigation based on 60mm evaporation was 110% higher than the that of irrigation based on 180mm evaporation. All traits also increased significantly with increasing potassium content. As application of 150kg.ha-1 potassium increased the seed yield by 58% compared to the control treatment. The interaction effect of irrigation and potassium was significant on all traits except stem diameter and head diameter. In irrigation based on 60mm evaporation, application of 150 kg.ha-1 potassium increased seed yield by 35% compared to the control treatment but in irrigation based on 180mm evaporation, it was increased by 130%. According to the results, application of potassium fertilizer showed positive effects on yield and yield components of safflower in sever and moderate water stress conditions.