جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Domestication » در نشریات گروه « باغبانی »

Evaluation of phytochemical diversity among wild populations of a plant species is the first step for its conservation and domestication. Rhus coriaria L. is a shrub with valuable fruits in viewpoint of medicinal properties, due to its essential oil, fixed oil, phenolic compounds, vitamins, proteins and carbohydrates. In the present study, fruit essential oils of eight populations of sumac (Paveh, Kasnazan, Somaqlu, Kani Guyz, Kamaleh, Dagaga, Bakhan and Ziviyeh) from Kurdistan and Kermanshah provinces were extracted by clevenger and analyzed by GC-MS and GC-FID, and correlations of essential oil components with environmental factors were investigated. The considerable variations were observed among populations in viewpoint of number, type and amount of essential oil compounds. The dominant components of essential oil in different populations had significant differences. Cembrene A, one of the important constituents of sumac essential oil was present in all populations and the highest (41.2%) and lowest (13.4%) amounts of cembrene A were determined in Paveh and Dagaga populations, respectively. Principal component analysis grouped essential oil compounds into seven components, which accounted for 100% of the total variance between populations. The first two components explained 52.14% of the total variance, and (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, β-pinene, (2,E)-undecanal, camphene, and cis-ocimene (with factor coefficients of 0.926, 0.879, 0.85, 0.834 and -0.875 in PC1, respectively) were the most effective compounds in the separation of populations. Cluster analysis divided the populations into five different groups. Significant correlations were obtained between essential oil compounds and environmental factors, which can be used in the domestication process of sumac.

The consequence of climate change in the natural habitats of arid and semi-arid regions is the reduction of species diversity which highlights the necessity of domestication and cultivation of wild species in agricultural systems. The medicinal plant caper (Capparis spinosa L.) is one of the valuable native plants in the natural arena that can be cultivated by recognizing patterns and stages of its growth in natural habitats and copying it .For this purpose, in order to study the ecological needs, phenological stages and growth habits of the valuable medicinal plant caper, the natural habitat of this plant in Mazdavand section of Sarakhs was selected and studies were conducted during 2016. The time interval for each phenological stage was calculated based on the number of days and growth degree day. Growth characteristics (canopy area, large and small canopy diameter and number of branches) were measured and the trend of changes was compared with sigmoid, quadratic, power and linear models. The results of ecological study showed that the habitat studied was affected by drought most of the year. Also, soil analysis showed that soil texture was silty loam, and soil acidity was in the alkaline range, and high amounts of EC at different soil depths also indicated high levels of salts in the soil. The habitat soil was poor in terms of macroelements (N, P and K) and organic carbon, and the amount of these elements were much lower than the optimum level in agricultural soils. Results showed that caper needs 211 days and 2745.3 degree days to complete its growth stages. Investigating the trend of growth changes in the habitat showed that the plant had a relatively high growth rate for canopy expansion in the first three months and after that growth rate decreased over time. Its growth pattern was best predicted by the sigmoid model. According to the results of the study on the growth habits of caper in the natural habitat and considering how it is spread on the land surface and its perennial life, it is recommended that the planting arrangement for caper in agricultural systems be designed so that the plants have enough space for canopy expansion.

Salvia santolinifolia Boiss. is a perennial aromatic plant from Lamiaceae family that grows wild in Iran. In the current study, the aerial parts of this plant were collected at full flowering stage from four habitats in Hormozgan province including Abmah, Ghotbabad, Dorahi-Meymand and Sirmand in 2018. After confirmation of scientific names of the plants by Herbarium of Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization of Hormozgan province, the plant materials were dried at shade and at room temperature. The essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation, the yields were calculated based on dry weight and the oils were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Results showed that maximum and minimum essential oil contents (w/w%) obtained from Ghotbabad (0.93%) and Abmah (0.65%) ecotypes, respectively. According to ecotypes, thirty-six components, representing 99.6 - 99.9% of the total components, were identified. α-Pinene, humulene epoxide, limonene, camphene, α-terpineol, myrcene and α-cadinol were the major compounds. Monoterpene hydrocarbons were the main group of constituents in all samples (69.3- 80.5%). The chemical variation among ecotypes according to their geographical and bioclimatic distribution could be considered for in situ and ex situ conservation and domestication of the plants.

Two species of Nepeta genus, N. kotschyi var. persica and N. glomerulosa, are native medicinal plants of Iran, containing medicinal compositions such as Nepetalactones. This study was conducted for plant domestication under field condition during years 2017 and 2018. The experiment was carried out under completely randomized block design with three replications. Morphological and yield traits besides essential oil content and composition were measured. Results showed that total fresh and dry weight in N. kotshyi (9954 and 3152 kg ha-1, respectively), were higher than N. glomerulosa (2858 and 990 kg ha-1, respectively). Essential oil content and yield in N. kotschyi were 2.12% and 48.35 kg ha-1, respectively, while these traits in N. glomerulosa were 1.42% and 7.39 kg ha-1, respectively. Essential oil composition analysis determined that the sum of Nepetalactone isomers in N. kotschyi were higher than N. glomerulosa, 94.57% and 38.68%, respectively. On the whole, according to the aerial parts and essential oil yield, and Nepetalactone content in the oil, the N. kotschyi var. persica showed the higher performance, though, in order to produce Nepetalactone for medicinal industries, N. kotschyi var. persica cultivation is recommended under similar field condition.

Thymus daenensis Celak subsp. daenensis, an endemic medicinal plant in Iran, belongs to Lamiaceae family that has a high essential oil content and high Thymol in essential oil. Evaluations of different ecotypes of this species in order to identify the paramount ecotype with the highest essential oil percentage and Thymol content and also correlations of edaphic and climate conditions with essential oil quantity and quality in order to identify the best conditions for domestication of this species were the aims of this study. In this study, essential oils of plants referred to eight natural habitat (Malayer 1, Malayer 2, Jovzan, Arak, Khane miran e bala, Khane miran e paien, Shazand and Zaghe) of this species extracted and measured (v/w%) and then compositions of essential oils were determined by GG and GC/MS instruments. Soil and climatic characteristics were identified and their correlations to essential oil content and compositions were calculated. Results showed that the ecotypes had significant difference in essential oil percentage. The highest and the lowest essential oil percentage were obtained in Arak (5%) and Malayer 2 (2.5%) ecotypes, respectively. Thymol was dominant component of essential oils of all ecotypes. The highest (78.88%) and the lowest (67.16%) amounts of Thymol were observed in ecotypes of Jovzan and Malayer 1, respectively. Positive correlations between the essential oil percentage with mean daily temperature, clay, silt and soil lime were found. These correlations explained that edaphic and climatic conditions had a significant effect on the quantity and quality of essential oil and could help us to identify the second culture conditions for domestication of this plant.

This research was carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of different levels of chemical fertilizers on vegetative and ornamental characteristics of wild species of colchicum (Colchicum kotschyi Boiss). For this purpose, a pot factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design with three replications including three levels of nitrogen (N= 0, 60, 120 kg ha-1) three levels of phosphorus (P= 0, 30 and 60 kg ha-1) and three levels of potassium (K= 0, 40 and 80 kg ha-1) at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad during 2015-2016. Studied traits was included leaf number and area, leaf fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids, number of flowers and flower diameter, and length, diameter and fresh and dry weights of the corms. Results of interaction effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium levels showed that the highest number of flowers, leaf number, fresh and dry weights and corrn diameter was obtained in 60:60:40 kg ha-1 of N×P×K, respectively. The highest flower diameter, chlorophylls and carotenoids were obtained in treatments of 60:60:80 kg ha-1 from N×P×K, respectively. Overall, results indicated that the application of moderate levels of N, K and P improved most vegetative and ornamental traits in C. kotschyi Boiss. More research on ornamental aspects and efforts to preserve, domestication and propagation of native species of colchicum, can lead to the sustainable use of this ornamental plant in landspace.

In this research work، genetic diversity of 21 wild Persian shallot (Allium hirtifolium Boiss.) accessions from south، southwest، west and center of Iran was evaluated using morphological traits as well as AFLP markers. Results showed that Khansar accession had the highest leaf width (5. 42 cm)، mean leaf number per plant (5. 41)، bulb diameter (10. 84 cm)، bulb height (4. 95 cm) and mean bulb weight (122. 5 g) which was the suitable accession for domestication and culturing. Based on cluster analysis، studied accessions were divided into three groups according to their morphological characters which mostly had coincidence with geoghraphical distribution. Molecular survey by AFLP markers was done using four primer combinations of EcoRI and MseI with three selective nucleotides. In molecular analysis 376 bands were obtained in which 204 bands were polymorphic (53. 28%). Based on dendrogram from molecular data، Persian shallot accessions at 70 % similarity was divided into five groups which mostly showed coincidence with geographical distribution. Also Kazerun accession from warmer southern region of Iran had obvious genetical differences with accessions from colder northern regions. Results showed that AFLP technique is a suitable tool for evaluation of genetic diversity for Persian shallot accessions.

This research was aimed to evaluate the effect of cultivation and domestication of two thyme (Thymus L.) species، Khorasani (Thymu stranscaspicus) and garden (Thymus vulgaris)، on growth and yield components. The study was conducted in different agricultural ecosystems of North Khorasan province during 2005-2009. The main treatments consisted of harvesting time in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that the number، order and extent of the main chemical compounds in both species of thyme did not differ much. However، the quantitative properties measured in both species were affected by different stages of harvest in each year. The highest dry weight in both species was obtained at the end of flowering stage in all years. Harvesting time had different effects on species composition of essential oil in the studied years. The highest efficiency of essential oil was recorded in mid-flowering stage especially in third year. The quantity of essential oil is the economic indicator of thyme performance. Garden thyme (T. vulgaris) produced more essential oil as compared to Khorasani thyme (T. transcaspicus).