جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « corn » در نشریات گروه « باغبانی »

The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of the HYDRUS model in simulating soil water movement and redistribution of moisture around the roots of maize in homogeneous and heavy soils. This study was carried out in the Agricultural Research Center of Khuzestan Province under drip strip irrigation with three irrigation regimes of 2, 3 and 4 days with three replications during two cropping years. In order to monitor the moisture around the roots, dig a soil profile to a depth of 75 cm perpendicular to the drip irrigation strip. Observed and simulated moisture values were compared byR2,EF, MAE and RMSE statistics. The results showed that the average moisture distribution in each irrigation regime is in the range of crop capacity. RMSE values for different diets ranged from 1.29 to 2.40% and MAE values for different diets ranged from 1 to 2%. Moisture simulations were classified as excellent based on MAE and RMSE values.Also, the results of the coefficient of explanation are between 60 to 90% and the efficiency of the model is between 40 to 90%. Based on the results, the lowest efficiency of the model was in the simulation 24 hours after irrigation and the best simulation was 72 hours after irrigation. The results show the high capability of the model in simulating soil volumetric moisture.

Bio-fertilizers of bacteria and fungi that are useful are produced each specific purpose, such as nitrogen fixation, release of phosphate ions, potassium and iron insoluble compounds of them. An experiment to study the effects of Mycorrhizal fungi (Glomusmosseae) and Pseudomonas bacteria (Pseudomonasputida) on yield under drought stress, antioxidant enzymes and biomarkers destruction of the corn plant KSC704 varieties in crop year 2013-2014 was conducted in Varamin. The experiment was a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications were studied. The main factor of three irrigation levels (1- Normal irrigation. 2. Cut irrigation in the flowering stage. 3- Cut irrigation at grain filling) and Bio-fertilizer mixing sub Mycorrhizal fungi and Pseudomonas bacteria to the seeds when planting at four levels (1. non-use of Mycorrhiza and Pseudomonas. 2. The application of Mycorrhizal 60 g.ha-1. 3. Application of 100 g.ha-1 Pseudomonas. 4. Application of Mycorrhizal fungi and Pseudomonas) was considered. The results showed that the interactions between stress and the use of Mycorrhizal fungi and Pseudomonas on all traits was significant at the level of one and five percent. The highest grain yield (7965.3 kg.ha-1), biological yield (20468.3 kg.ha-1) and harvest index (39.1 %) were obtained with simultaneous application of Mycorrhizal fungi and Pseudomonas and normal irrigation and The least of these traits of stress during flowering and non-use of Mycorrhizal fungi and Pseudomonas allocated to that with drought stress during grain filling was no significant difference. It should be noted in irrigation and Application of Mycorrhizal fungi and Pseudomonas usually the least amount of catalase, D-OH guanosine and malondialdehyde were obtained. The highest amount of leaf prolinein the amount of 0.336 µg.g-1 in irrigation cut off at flowering stage and the application of Mycorrhiza and Pseudomonas was obtained. Simultaneous use of Mycorrhizal fungi and Pseudomonas conditions of drought stress on the growth, the plant could greatly increase your tolerance through increasing adaptability metabolites

In order to investigate the effect of hexaconazole foliar application on yield and biochemical characteristics  of grain corn of KSC704 cultivar under cut irrigation conditions, an experiment was conducted as split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main treatments of the experiment are: S0 = Normal irrigation, S1 = Cut Irrigation in stem stage, S2 = Cut Irrigation at flowering stage, S3= Irrigation interruption in seed filling stage and sub-treatments were including: M0= control (not applicable), M1= 25 mg / l , M2 = 50 mg / l. The results showed that cut irrigation reduced grain yield but hexaclonazole foliar application increased the following trait. Hexaclonazole foliar application of 25 and 50 mg / l increased the antioxidants superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase and decreased the biomarker of malondialdehyde, di tyrosine and dihydroxyguanosine degradation significantly. And through hormonal changes increased drought tolerance in corn.

To evaluate the effect of foliar application of BA on morphological and physiological characteristics l Maize (Zea mays Var T.W.C.647) under cut irrigation, the experiment was conducted split plot in randomized complete block design with three replications at a farm in PAKDASHT at Tehran zone. Experimental treatments include main plots: C0 = Normal irrigation, C1= cut irrigation at stem elongation stage, C2 = cut irrigation at flowering stage, C3=cut irrigation at filling grain stage and sub plots of research include: M0= control (no application), M1 = 100 ppm, M2 = 200 ppm respectively. The results of this study showed that  cut irrigation can reduce grain yield, grain weight, biological yield, harvest index, protein yield, oil content, oil yield, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, relative water content, but foliar application BA were increased the following parameters. The highest T.G.W, G.Y, B.Y, oil percentage and Total chlorophyll a were achieved Normal Irrigation * 200 ppm BA(341.1 gr, 8982.7 (Kg.ha), 28942.2(Kg.ha), 6.97(%),1.94 Spad) had no significant difference with C0M0,C0M2,C1M2. Therefore, it is recommended to use foliar application of BA with a concentration of 200 ppm in case of cut irrigation.

In order to investigate the effect of humic acid and irrigation interval on yield and yield components of corn seed of Single Crusher 704 cultivar in Zabol, a split plot experiment (split plot) in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Experimental treatments include main plots three levels: 6 days (A1), 9 days (A2) and 12 days (A3), and and sub plots of research include humic acid in four levels including control or weekly (B1) Biweekly (B2), Triweekly (B3) and Monthly (B4). The results of analysis of variance showed that the effects of irrigation and spraying of humic acid on their harvest index, plant height, number of ear per plant and number of seeds per ear were significant. The highest Harvest index (51.42%), plant height (190 cm), number of ear per plant (3.6 N.o) and number of grain per ear (612 N.o) were obtained irrigated conditions for 6 days and Biweekly Humic acid spray treatment. According to the results of the experiment, the best irrigation interval for corn seed is recommended for 6 days irrigation, with the use of Biweekly for humic acid solution for cultivation in the area.

In order to study of lead and cadmium effects onseed germination and enzyme activities an experiment was conducted in seed laboratory of department of agronomy in Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran in 2015 on seed corn. The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design, with treatments arranged in a factorial scheme with five levels of lead (0, 10, 40, 700 and 100 μM.Lit-1) by five levels cadmium application (0, 10, 40, 700 and 100 μM.Lit-1), with three replicates. The results showed that lead and cadmium effects treatment significantly for all experimental traits. Also with increased concentrations of heavy metals decreased germination percentage, germination rate , plumule dry weight, radicle dry weight, α-amylase enzyme and phosphatase enzyme activity, by contrast catalase enzyme activity was increased. Also interaction between lead and cadmium effect showed the lowest and greatest germination rate respectively 5.68 and 8.92 (Seed per day), radicle dry weight 0.34 and 0.66 (g), α-amylase enzyme 3.3 and 5.9 (IU. g FW-1) and phosphatase enzyme 0.9 and 4.3 (IU. g FW-1) activity was obtained when seed corn was exposure in 100 μM.Lit-1 to lead and cadmium used together respectively.

This study was conducted with purpose of investigate the effect of drought stress on different growth stages of 20 maize hybrids in farm of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute in 2016. Drought stress levels consisted of four experiments (normal irrigation, stress in vegetative stage, reproductive stress and irrigation interruption as compared to control) in a randomized complete block design. The results of analysis of variance showed that genotypes in terms of traits in each non-stress condition, stress in vegetative stage, stress at reproductive stage and alternate condition have a significant difference at levels of 1 and 5%. According to the results obtained from genetic parameters, in the normal experiment, the number of days to tassel flower initiation, in the vegetative stress experiment tassel branching out number, in the reproductive stress experiment the number of aborted seeds and in the alternate condition days to the drying of the tassel had higher heritability. The tassel branching out number showed the highest phenotypic variation coefficient (77.15) and number of seeds per ear row, the highest genotype variation coefficient (75.6) in normal experiment. Respectively, the number of aborted grains (47.7%) and peduncle outside flag leaf (29.10%) in the vegetative stress test, had the highest phenotypic and genotypic diversity coefficients. The highest phenotypic and genotypic diversity coefficients in reproductive stress test were observed in number of seeds inoculated trait with 45.8% and 37.2%, respectively.

This experiment was done on the basis of split-split-plot design in completely randomized block design with three replicates in north of Khuzestan in 2015. Irrigation treatments (irrigation after 70, 90 and 120 mm evaporation) as main-plot, planting date (1 and 20 July and 9 august) as sub-plot and hybrids (704, Karoon 701, and AS71) as sub-sub-plot were carried out. Results showed that the effect of planting date and hybrid on grain yield, 1000-kernel weight, number of kernel rows and number of kernels per row was significant, also the effect of planting date×hybrid on leaf area, the effect of irrigation×hybrid on stomatal conductance and the effect of planting date, hybrid and planting date×hybrid on plant height was significant.
Results showed that the highest number of kernels per row was observed in the third planting date and 704 and Karoon 701 hybrid, the highest number of kernel rows was observed in the third planting date and 704 hybrid, the highest amount of 1000-kernel weight was observed in the third planting date and Karoon 701 hybrid. The highest amount of grain yield was observed in the third planting date. The hybrid of Karoon 701 had the highest leaf area in third planting date. AS71 hybrid had the highest amount of leaf area in first irrigation period. AS71 in first irrigation period and 704 and Karoon 701 hybrid in third irrigation period had the highest stomatal conductance. Also AS71 had the highest plant height in third planting date.

Due to study the effect of methods and amounts of complete fertilizer on yield and yield components of corn variety, an experiment was done during 2016 as split plot based on completely randomized blocks design with 3 replications at Ghaleh-no of Shshr-e-Rey region. The experimental factors contains: complete fertilizer as main factor in 7 levels: No application, recommended application in irrigation (10 kg/ha), 50% less than recommended application in irrigation (5 kg/ha), 50% more than recommended application in irrigation (15 kg/ha), recommended foliar application (2 kg/ha), 50% less than recommended foliar application (1 kg/ha), 50% more than recommended foliar application (3 kg/ha) and variety as sub factor in 3 levels: S.C. 704, S.C. 703 and S.C. 700. The results showed that the highest and lowest plant height, 1000 seed weight, rows number in ear and seed number in ear, forage yield and growth indices as CGR, RGR, NAR gained at 50% more than recommended application in irrigation and no application alternatively. According to findings, 50% more than recommended foliar application improved fresh forage yield 8.3% than control. Based on the results, S.C. 704 had superiority than the other varieties in agronomical and physiological characters.

Bio fertilizers contain a sufficient number of one or more species of beneficial microorganisms and nutrients from the soil are able to convert unused usable form. In order to evaluate the effect of manure into bio-fertilizer and seed inoculation with nitrogen-fixing on agronomic traits of grain corn KSC647 cultivars, factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications was conducted during 2012-2013 in the College of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Varamin. The first factor manure: M1: to use 30 tons of manure per hectare of manure and M2: Non-application of manure, Second factor biofertilizers Azotobacter strains (Azotobacter chroococcum): Az1: seed inoculation with Azotobacter and Az0: non-inoculated seed with Azotobacter and the third factor bio-fertilizers Azospirillum strains (Azosprillum brasilense): As1: seed inoculation with Azospirillum and As0: non-inoculated seed with Azospirillum biofertilizer. The results showed that the highest grain yield, biological yield, grain weight, harvest index, number of seed per ear from animal manure and seed inoculation treatments combined with Azotobacter and Azospirillum was obtained. Specify the use of bio-fertilizers with manure saves 50% of the nitrogen fertilizer. It seems that excess nitrogen from manure improves the vegetative growth at the beginning and in the middle of nitrogen-fixing bacteria able to stabilize the soil nitrogen available to the plants. Synergy of these two factors has led to the growth of nitrogen in the plants, and thus achieved the highest yield.

In order to examine the effects of biological and chemical fertilizers with the use of salicylic acid on the agronomic characteristics of corn as a factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station in 2011 was Boroujerd. Factors examined included three levels of phosphorus fertilizer (0, 100 and 150 kg ha), two levels of biological fertilizer (mycorrhizal fungi) (seed inoculation and seed inoculation) and two levels of salicylic acid (0/5 and 1 mM), respectively. The results showed that phosphorus fertilizer and mycorrhizal significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, ear length, ear diameter, grain yield and biological yield, respectively, with the application of 150 kg P ha grain yield of 9006 kg was found that 48% More the treatment of non-usage. In the case of seed inoculation with mycorrhiza on the amount of 8412 kg per hectare, respectively, which was 24% higher than the treatment of non-inoculated seeds. Salicylic acid has a significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, ear length, ear diameter, grain yield and biological yield and harvest index. The application of 1 mM salicylic acid yield of 8316 kg per hectare, respectively, which was 24% higher than the treatment of non-use. Phosphorus and mycorrhiza interaction on grain yield and biological yield was significant. Salicylic acid and phosphorus interaction and effect on yield only three treatments was significant.

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effect of zinc rates, arbuscular mycorrhiza and organic matter, on corn growth and micronutrients-uptake in a calcareous soil. Experimental design was factorial based on complete randomized design with 3 replications. Treatments consisted of 3 levels of Zn (0, 5 and 10 mg Zn/kg), 2 types of organic manure (sheep manure and municipal waste compost, each at 0 or 1% w/w) and 2 levels of mycorrhiza (no inoculation and inoculation with Glomus intraradices). Plants were harvested 8 weeks after emergence and used for chemical analysis. Roots were used to determine the degree of colonization. Results showed that application of Zn increased plant dry matter weight, total Zn and Cu uptake, root mycorrhizal colonization and decreased total Fe and Mn uptake. Arbuscular mycorrhiza increased plant dry matter weight, root mycorrhizal colonization and total Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu uptake. Application of both organic manures increased plant dry matter weight, root mycorrhizal colonization and total Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu uptake.

Biochar as a process of pyrolysis of organic compounds and having specific characteristics which can absorb the material, leaching of nutrients and heavy metals affect. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Biochar the amount of Pb in the plant maize (Zea mays L.) in a greenhouse at the research farm of Islamic Azad University of Varamin in crop year 1394 was conducted. Factorial experiment in completely randomized design with three replications. Pb at a concentration of zero, 50, 100 and 200 milligrams per kilogram of lead sulfate salt supply Pb SO4 (respectively P0, P1, P2 and P3) as well as taking Biochar (charcoal made from almond wood) with a ratio of zero, 20 and 40% (respectively B0, B1 and B2) were considered as treatments. The results showed effects Biochar the weight of fresh and dry biomass, biomass, fresh root, stem and leaf concentration of lead in the five-percent probability level was significant. The results showed Biochar effects on fresh and dry weight, root fresh weight, the concentration of lead in roots and leaves were significant at the level of five percent. The highest shoot dry weight of the treatment (no biochar) and 50 mg Pb kg with 1.431 hot and the lowest shoot dry weight of 200 milligrams of lead per kilogram of treatment and lack of biochar with hot 0.261 at the root of the treatment of 100 mg Pb kg and 40 wt% biochar with 1.368 mg per kg and the lowest lead concentration at the root of the control (no lead) and 20 percent by weight biochar with 0.617 mg kg and the highest lead concentration in stems from the treatment of 200 mg Pb kg (and lack of biochar) with (1.239 mg kg) and the lowest concentration of lead in the stem of the treatment (no lead) and 20 percent by weight biochar (1.001 g) and the highest concentration of lead in leaves of treatment, 40% biochar with 1.941 mg per kg and the lowest lead concentration in leaves related to the treatment of 100 mg per kg of lead and 40% biochar with 0.166 mg kg. The results of this study suggest that lead pollution is causing negative effects on morphological and physiological characteristics of corn.

In order to investigate the comparing, the yield and some morphological characteristics of forage corn promising genotypes in Tehran province, an experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications in 2015 was conducted. In this experiment, 17 promising genotype were evaluated. The measured characteristics was included stem diameter, ear height from the ground, ear length, leaf area index, leaves number, fresh and dry forage yield, protein content and protein yield. The variance analysis results showed that there was difference between the promising genotypes at one percent probable in the possibility of leaf area index, dry forage yield, protein content and protein yield and at five percent probable in the possibility of fresh forage yield. In terms of mean comparison, there was difference between promising genotypes at the highest ear height from the ground was not observed. The most leaf area index in genotype 10 (K166b×K18) was obtained. The most number of leaves per genotype 15 (KLM77007/7-31-2-2-1-1× K18) and the most stem diameter in genotype 12 (KLM77007/7-3-1-2-2-1-1× K18) was obtained. The most fresh forage yield in genotype 11) K47/2-2-1-3-3-1-1-1×K19) and dry forage yield in genotype 17 (SB73×MO17) was observed. Also the most protein percent is related to the (K47/2-2-1-3-3-11-1×K1) , 12 (KLM77007/7-3-1-2-2-1-1×K18) and 14 (K47/2-2-1-2-1-3-1-1×K18) and the most protein yield is related to the genotypes 11 (K47/2-2-1-3-3-1-1-1×K19) and 17 (SB73×MO17).

The following study was achieved to investigating the effects of bio-fertilizers N-fixer bacteria and Methods of controls weeds on quality and quantity characteristics Corn(Zea MaysL. Var K.S.C.406). An experiment was conducted in a Split-plot design as base of randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Treatments main plat included bio-fertilizers on three levels (Azotobacter, Azospirillum and Control). And Sub plat Methods of controls weeds on Five levels (with out weeding, complete weeding, 2 lit.ha herbicides Nicosulfuron, 1.5 lit.ha herbicides Nicosulfuron, 1 lit.ha herbicides Nicosulfuron). In this study, the maximum Number of spikes per Plant (2.38N.o), grain yield (11313.1 a kg.ha-1) ,biological yield (28673.4 Kg ha-1) and Harvest Index(39.5 %) obtained from Azotobacter with complete weeding treatment had no significant difference with Azotobacter with 2 lit.ha herbicides Nicosulfuron, Azospirillum with 2 lit.ha herbicides Nicosulfuron, Azospirillum with complete weeding treatments. The highest1000 grain weight (300.9 gr), plant height (207 Cm), Stem diameter( 4.32 Cm), Ear length( 36.1 Cm) were assigned of Azospirillum with 2 lit.ha herbicides Nicosulfuron treatment had no significant difference with Azotobacter with 2 lit.ha herbicides Nicosulfuron, Azotobacter with complete weeding, Azospirillum with complete weeding treatments. On the other hand the minimum this characteristic allocated to control with with out weeding. The maximum number of weeds per square meter (14.5 N.o), Fresh weight of weeds per square meter (2.146 Kg.m2) and dry matter of weeds per square meter (0.558 kg.m2) were achieved from Azospirillum with with out weeding. And minimum this characteristics allocated to included biofertilizers with 2 lit.ha herbicides Nicosulfuron. This idea necessary to more research.

The research was conducted at the Safiabad Research Station and central laboratory of seed analysis at Karaj institute of seeds and seedlings registration، control and certification on 20 seed masses of single cross 704 corn hybrids (20 masses means; seeds of the same type but different vigourity) in 4 replicates. In the laboratory، the weight of the seeds was measured and the seed moisture content in the storage was determined. Then the standard germination test was performed according to ISTA rules and the relevant parameters (mean time to germination، mean daily germination، germination rate، germination rate according to Maguir formula and seedling vigor index) were measured. The data was analyzed based on the randomized complete block design. For the field experiments، after reaching the favorable climate conditions، seeds were planted in the field and the emergence of seed vigor index (percentage of seedling emergence، emergence rate and seedling emergence index) was measured and analyzed based on the randomized complete block design. Finally، the correlation between laboratory and field measurement were determined. Analysis of variance showed that among different seed masses، difference of the measured parameters were statistically significant and the comparison of the means showed that the mass imposes the highest viability of seed vigour on other indicators. The correlation between the measurements showed that the germination rate based on Maguir formula imparts significant positive correlation with seedling emergence in the field.

To study the effects of micronutrient concentrations of iron and zinc on maize (Zea maysL.) KSC 260 factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications Education - Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Varamin -Pyshva was conducted in July 1392. First of iron sulphate fertilizer at three levels (zero, two, four thousand liters) and the second zinc sulfate fertilizer at three levels (zero, four, eight per liter) is sprayed in two steps (first eight-leaf stage and secondly tassel emergence) was performed. The results showed that the interaction between the treatment of iron concentration on four thousand and four hundred on a test characteristics and biological function of the average 24856.3 (Kg.ha), with an average yield of 9496.5 (Kg.ha), with an average of 9.06 percent protein performance fibers with an average 860.4 (Kg.ha), with an average of 38.72% and harvest index (LAI), with a mean value of 6.27 compared to the control (non-use spray), giving the greatest impact on corn (Zea mays L. ) KSC 260 is in Varamin.

In order to investigate the effects of mycorhiza fertilizer and to reduce chemical fertilizer on yield components of corn, an experiment was conducted on Robat Karim region farm during 2014-2015. The experiment was carried out using factorial design in randomized complete block with three replications. The first factor was different levels of phosphor fertilizer consist of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% and Second factor was consist of do not use of mycorhiza fertilizer (control), 60 kg.ha, 120 kg.ha. Results variance analysis showed that grain yield, 1000 grain weight , Number of grain per row cob, grain on in ear row was significant. The most of grain yield and number of grain per row was in treatment of 50% phosphor fertilizer and 60kg.ha mycorhiza and least of treatment was obtain in control and 25% phosphor fertilizer. The most of number of grain per row was obtain in treatment of 120kg.ha mycorhiza and 50% phosphor fertilizer. Therefore it is recommended that for better efficiency and reduced consumption of phosphate fertilizer soil mineral elements, 50 percent of phosphate fertilizer recommendations and the application of 60 kg. ha mycorrhiza was used in planting corn.

The experiment conducted in base on randomized completely block design with 3 replications in Markazi Agricultural Research Center that its، application effects of two level of biofertilizers، namely Azotobacter (with 2 kg/ha and without biofertilizer) and Mycorrhiza (with 0. 5 kg/ha and without mycorrhiza) and four levels of the nitrogen (0، 75، 150، 300 kg/ha) on seed number/ row، seed number/ear، ear weight (without cover)، ear diameter and fresh weight of the forage، evaluated. The results showed that Azotobacter caused significant increasing of the parameters such as: seed number/ear row (36. 03) number row/ear (486. 16)، ear weight (180. 8 g) and forage fresh weight (44. 4 ton/ha) but effect of Mycorrhiza on this characters was not significant. Application of Azotobacter (2kg/ha) and different levels of the Mycorrhiza together، caused significant increasing of seed number/row ear (36. 85)، ear weight (189. 35 g) and also fresh forage weight (49. 09 ton/ha). Intraction effects of Azotobacter، Mycorrhiza and nitrogen in mentioned characteristic were not significant. Results showed that effects of Azotobacter on fresh forage weight (44. 14 ton/ ha) by itself is equal to N2 level (150 kg/ha) have been efficiency. Therefore from economical point of view using Urea (150 kg/ha) with Azotobacter inoculums is recommended.

In order to study the effect of drought stress on yield on some new forage corn hybrids, an experiment was conducted at the experimental field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute of Karaj, in 2009. The experiment was carried out using split-plot in a randomized complete block design (CRBD) with three replications. The main plots consisted of three levels of irrigation regimes (irrigation after 70, 100 and 130 mm cumulative evaporation from evaporation pan class A) and sub-plots included 14 new corn hybrids. In this experiment dry fodder yield per hectare, leaf number, leaf area index, ear dry weight, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, plant height, measured and calculated. The results showed that hybrid differences in terms of dry matter yield, plant height at 5% probability level and in terms of leaf number, leaf area index, ear dry weight was significant at 1% probability level, while among the hybrids studied significant differences in terms of leaf dry weight was observed. Also, all the traits of drought stress and react to their difference in different stress levels and leaf number in 1% probability level was significant. Increase irrigation of normal irrigation severe stress decreases dry yield respectively 44% percent were.