جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « potato » در نشریات گروه « باغبانی »

Grapheneis one of the new carbon nanomaterial that has unique physical properties and potentially important biological applications. Nanosheet Graphene Oxide has shown great potential to improve plant performance in various areas. Microtuber production technology is also used as a tool to reduce the time needed to produce economic plant resources, increase the quality of seed tubers, and produce microtubers throughout the year. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Nanosheet Graphene Oxide on the improvement of micropropagation and microtuberazation in potato var. Agria under in vitro conditions.

Single node explants obtained from in vitro virus-free plantlet (maintained in tissue culture laboratory, Department of Horticultural science, University of Tabriz) were cultured into modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing four concentrations of Nanosheet Graphene Oxide (0, 25, 50 and 75 mg/L) carried out in the completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications and kept at 25±2 degree centigrade and a photoperiod of 16 hours of light. The proliferation traits such as leaf length, leaf width, plantlet fresh weight, number of leaves and shoots were recorded. Then, single node explants were transferred to Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with four concentrations of Nanosheet Graphene Oxide (0, 25, 50 and 75 mg/liter) and kept for two months in complete darkness and at 18±2 ºC and microtuber production indices such as microtuber number, diameter, length and weight, microtuberization percentage, shoot length, microtuber with dormancy were measured.

The results of analysis of variance showed that different concentrations of Nanosheet Graphene Oxide had a significant effect on all traits in proliferation and microtuberization stages. Among different levels of Nanosheet Graphene Oxide, application of 75 mg/L showed the best response for leaf length, leaf width, and plantlet fresh weight, followed by 50 mg/L for the number of leaves and shoots, and lastly, 25 mg/L for shoot length. At a concentration higher than 50 mg/L (75 mg/L graphene oxide), the number of leaves not only remained constant but also showed a decreasing trend. Effect of different NGO concentrations on the shoot length showed that there was no significant difference between different concentrations of NGO and the shoot length remained constant, but the difference between the control treatment and NGO was significant. The maximum shoot length was obtained at a concentration of 25 mg/l NGO. The different concentrations of NGO had significant effect on all microtuberization traits at 1% probability level. Mean comparison results for different concentrations of NGO showed that the highest value of the microtuber length, diameter and number were obtained at 25 mg/liter NGO. However, all microtuber traits were not increased at above 25 mg/liter NGO. With the increase in NGO concentrations, the yield of microtuber weight and microtuberization rate remain constant, and it is also possible that these traits will decrease significantly with the increase NGO concentration. The highest yield of microtuber weight and microtuberization rate were obtained at the 25 mg/L NOG, and higher concentrations did not increase them. There was a significant difference between different concentrations of NGO and the control treatment in the number of lateral shoots, so that the maximum number of lateral shoots was obtained at a concentration of 25 mg/L of NGO. Also, concentrations above 50 mg/L of NGO had less effect on the number of lateral shoots and with increasing concentration, the number of shoots decreased significantly. The maximum microtuber weight was obtained at high concentrations of NGO. In other words, with the increase of NGO concentration, the microtuber weight increased, and the most effective concentration was 75 mg/L of NGO for this trait. Although all concentrations of NGO are favorable for this purpose, it is possible that the concentration of 25 mg/l is the most NGO concentration.

The results of this research showed that the of 50 and 75 mg/L of Nanosheet Graphene Oxide were the best concentrations micropropagation and microtuberization. 25 mg/L of  Nanosheet Graphene Oxide was most efficient concentration . Although these experiments were performed without the use of growth regulators, the addition of Nanosheet Graphene Oxide to the medium increased micropropagation and microtuberization. Therefore, Nanosheet Graphene Oxide can be used as a tool for efficient micropropagation and increasing the quantity and quality seed tubers.

To evaluate the interaction of genotypes in the environment (GEI) and promising clones, 60 potato genotypes were used during the growing seasons of 2018-2019. To identify the best potato genotypes in response to water deficit, GGE biplot and AMMI models were performed under two treatments (water deficit and normal conditions) with two commercial cultivars Agria and Sante. The experiment was performed in eight environments (2 treatments, 2 locations, and 2 years) using a randomized complete block design with three replications. AMMI and GGE biplot analysis showed that the G21 clone was more different than other genotypes for selecting the superior genotype. The yield of the tuber of promising clones G21 (90227), G31 (8708.177), G44 (KSG95), G28 (8707/861), and G18 (90127) was higher in all environments. The best-proposed genotypes for introduction are based on their greater stability for the target environment or parallel environments. In this study, using AMMI and GGE biplot analysis, superior genotypes were identified and selected.

In order to investigate the effect of superabsorbent and mycorrhizal fungi on reducing water consumption, growth traits and potato yield, an experiment with strip-factorial design was performed. In this study, the amount of irrigation water at three levels (100, 75 and 50% of water requirement based on evapotranspiration) in horizontal plots and the use of Trawat200A super absorbent with two levels (0 and 80 kg / ha) and mycorrhiza on two levels (inoculation and non-inoculation with Glomus etunicatum) were placed in vertical plots. The results of combined analysis of variance showed that effect of irrigation and the use of mycorrhiza and superabsorbent were significant in most vegetative traits as well as yield. Means comparison showed that vegetative traits and total yield decreased by application of low irrigation, but this decrease was significantly less in mycorrhizal inoculation conditions and with the application of superabsorbent polymer. Under moderate and severe stress conditions, the combined use of mycorrhiza and superabsorbent increased the total yield compared to non-consumption (control) by about 9.5% and 10.15%, respectively.

High yield, earliness and high quality of new potato cultivars have an important role in food security, reducing price fluctuations and warehousing costs, and access to fresh produce all season years. In this study, quantitative and qualitative traits of 15 potato genotypes from breeding populations were studied in a completely randomized block design (RCBD) with three replications for two years (2017 and 2018) in Ardebil region. The results showed that interaction effect of genotype in year was significant for total tuber yield, marketable tuber yield, tuber number and weight per plant, plant height and days number to tuberization significant at the 1% level, and had no significant effects on number of main stem per plant, tuber dry matter percentage, tuber specific gravity, starch percentage, vitamin C and tuber protein percentage. Genotypes 901375, 90275, Savalan, 90527, 90127, 90827, Agria and Marfona had the highest yield during two years of experiment. Among the high yielding genotypes, genotypes 901375 and Savalan had the highest percentage of tuber dry matter, tuber specific gravity, tuber starch percentage, vitamin C of tuber and protein percentage. Genotypes 901375 and Savalan were selected as high yielding genotypes with appropriate qualitative traits based on yield and yield components of tuber and measured traits.

In order to investigate the effects of irrigation water method and water on yield, yield components and potato water productivity of Satina cultivar, a field experiment was conducted as split plots in randomized complete block design with three replications in Damavand city. The treatments consisted of Furrow irrigation (F), Drip irrigation (D), one-row irrigation (T1), Two- row irrigation (T2) and irrigation regimes including 30, 50 and 70% water requirement. Statistical analysis showed that the highest yield was obtained by irrigation (T2) with irrigation with 70% irrigation regime (average 22070 kg.ha) and the lowest yield was obtained by irrigation treatments with one-row and Furrow irrigation treatments with 30% irrigation regime respectively (16200, 16410 kg.ha).The highest productivity was obtained by two-row irrigation (T2) with irrigation regime of 30% (9.8 kg.m3) and the lowest productivity with furrow irrigation with 70% irrigation regime equal 2 kg.m3.The result showed that Two-row strip-irrigation method is recommended with a 70% irrigation regime for potato cultivation.

In order to study responses of potato plantlets under in vitro conditions to osmotic and temperature stresses, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized blocks design with three replications. The first factor was osmotic stress caused by polyethylene glycol 6000 in four levels including control, 0.5, 0.1 and -1.5 MPa which were equal to 0, 200, 300 and 370 grl-1 PEG. The second factor was temperature at three levels of 15, 25 and 35 °C applied on plantlets of three Promising clones (143, 301 and 306) and two commercial cultivars (Picasso and Marfona) in MS medium. Physiological and biochemical traits including relative water content (RWC), electrolyte leakage (EL), proline, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) as well as protein content were measured. Results of variance analysis showed that the simple effects of three factors as well as the interaction were significant at 1≤0.01 on the mentioned traits, but the protein content was not significant. Comparing the mean of treatments showed that by increasing the temperature and concentrations of PEG, RWC was reduced, while EL, proline content, CAT, POX and APX enzymes activity were increased. Also, results indicated that Marfona was more tolerant to stress conditions than other varieties and clones, which seems is due to preventing the effects of stress by increasing the accumulation of proline and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Clone 306 was more susceptible than other varieties and clones and showed more vulnerability to stress and its plantlets were killed by increasing stress levels. The combination of osmotic and temperature stresses were not tolerated by potato’s plantlets under in vitro conditions, because osmotic stress of -0.5 MPa and higher in combined with 35°C caused the plantlets to dry.

Water scarcity in arid and semi-arid looking like Iran country, including one of the factors limiting the growth and yield of crops. That's why finding suitable solutions for overcoming on stress and increased production of special importance. To study the effect of inoculation with mycorhizal fungi on yield and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) under drought stress a factorial experiment with randomized complete block design and three replications was performed in greenhouse of Soil Science Department, University of Zanjan, Iran. In this experiment, potato tubers were cultivated in boxes with sandy loam soils. The factors which studied were, four levels of drought stress (FC, 80% of FC, 60% of FC and 40% of FC) and four levels of mycorrhizal fungi (no-inoculation (control), inoculation with Glomus intraradices, inoculation with Glomus mosseae and a combination of them). In this experiment yield and yield components of potato and concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in leaf and tuber were measured. The results of analysis of variance of data showed that the effects of drought stress and mycorrhizal fungi were significant on all measured traits. The drought stress decreased all measured traits except the nitrogen concentrations of potato leaf and tuber. Application of mycorrhizal fungi increased the yield and yield components of potato and concentrations of plant nutrients in plant. The overall results showed that application of mycorrhizal fungi can decrease the adverse effects of drought stress on potato plant. The highest yield of potato at the rate of 4.87 Kg per square meter of 100% of field capacity moisture and inoculated with the fungus G. Mosse, respectively.

Maximizing of nitrogen use efficiency has an important rule in sustainable agricultural development. This experiment wasconducted in order to investigate the reduction effect of nitrogen and instead useing of Azotobacter inoculants and Mushroom compost on potato yield in 1392.The experiment performed split factorial based on complete randomized design in three replication in the farm of Sheykhlar located in Razan Hamedan.Main factor was nitrogen from the source of urea in three levels including 100% nitrogen (as suggested by soil and water research institute) ¡ 75% nitrogen suggested¡ 50% nitrogen suggested . Second factor was mushroom compost and Azotobacter levels as factorial.Compost were used in two levels control and 11 ton/ha. Azotobacter (Azotobacter chroococcum) were used in two levels control and application of bacteria as spraying on tubers. Results of nitrogen application showed significant effect on tuber number per unit area¡tuber yield¡ average weight of tubers per plant in 1% level of probability. Results of using compost also showed significant effect on tuber number per unit area¡ average weight of tubers per plant in 1% level of probability. Azotobacter showed significant effect on total number of tubers per unit of area ¡ tuber yield and average weight of tubers per plant in 5% level of probability.

In order to investigate effect of organic manure and super absorbent on physiological and biochemical traits of potato (Solanum tubersum، cv Marfona)، a split plot experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications at Research Farm، Agriculture College، University of Razi in 2010. Main factor included two levels of super absorbent A200 (0 and 70 Kg/ha،) and split plot included nine levels (0، chemical fertilizer (according to soil test)، granule chicken manure (1000 kg/ ha)، common chicken manure (12 ton/ha)، soil mix (1000 kg/ha)، cow manure (20 ton/ha)، vermicompost (20 ton/ha)، compost (20 ton/ha) and tea compost (soaking tubers and spraying at four times). Investigating physiological traits such as leaf chlorophyll index، chlorophyll florescence and stomata conductance showed that only leaf chlorophyll index was affected by superabsorbent (P < 0. 01) and organic manure (P < 0. 05)، while stomata conductance wad significant under it’s interaction effect at (P < 0. 05). Quality and biochemical traits show that phosphorous amount of tuber was significant in superabsorbent treatment in compare to control. Crude oil percentage، protein، fiber، starch، sugar، nitrogen، phosphorous and potassium content were not affected by organic manure. The highest amount of oil and fiber were obtained under compost and cow manure respectively. Sugar and nitrogen content were high under cow manure treatment. The highest amount of potassium and phosphorous content were belonging to chicken and Khakparvar manure respectively.

To investigate the effects of different amounts of nitrogen and zeolite on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of potato varieties، Agria factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design in three replicates in the field located 5 km Morales research university، was conducted in the spring of 1388. Factors studied included three levels Nytrvn 96، 184 and 276 kg per ha and four levels of zeolite zero، two، four and six tonnes per hectare were Klynvptylvlyt type. The results of variance analysis showed that different amounts of nitrogen and nitrogen content of zeolite on the gland، gland crude protein، and the remaining gland Nytrath N ha 1% probability level was significant. Zeolite and the impact on the number of tubers per plant at 5% level of probability was significant. High performance value of 276 kg of pure nitrogen with the rate 13/47 Hktarbdst tons respectively. Zeolite interactions and nitrogen levels on yield per unit gland was significant. Gland with the highest amount of 276 kg of pure nitrogen and six tons of zeolite was 61 ha significant difference with the consumption of 184 kg N treatment and six tons of zeolite was not. So with less nitrogen fertilizer consumption to 184 kg ha can function without a significant reduction in nitrogen fertilizer efficiency will to act. Zeolite with increasing intake of nitrogen accumulation in the gland decreased Nytrath harmful. Keywords:

This research that is a part of comprehensive study of tissue culture of potato to achieve appropriate hormone treatment for direct regeneration of Sante potato cultivar and to determine the best type of explant for direct regeneration has been conducted in 1389-90 for a year. at Islamic Azad University, Varamin Pishva Branch, faculty of agricultural. In this study thermotherapyed plant that emerged from meristem culture Sante cultivar, conveyed to mono bud planting for micropropagation. Then from these plants supplied leaf and internodal explant. Also healthy minitubers from this cultivar has been used to supply explant, that after sterilized conveyed to solid MS medium which supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-D, Zeatin and one level of GA3 hormones. These concentrations of hormones included three levels of 2,4-D and Zeatin, hormones, and one level of GA3 Hormone. These plants was placed in light and 20-22 °C temperature to induce direct regeneration. Then after 28-3 days plantlet emerged on explants. Producing and colony of plantlets for use in agronomy was the ultimate purpose of this reaserch.

To evaluate the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation on growth، yield and minituber production of potato plantlets، a pot experiment was conducted using a factorial based on completely randomized design with four replications. The factors were mycorrizal inoculation (non-inoculated and inoculated with Glomus mosseae، Glomus etunicatum and mixed of them) and two potato cultivars (Agria and Sante). Some growing characteristics and physiological traits such as chlorophyll content، internode length stem diameter، stolon length، leaf area، fresh and dry stem weight، fresh and dry root weight and percentage of colonization were measured. After harvesting، minitubers were separated to different classes according their size and their percentage of dry matter was measured. The results showed that inoculation with mycorrhiza had significant effect on all parameters. In growth characters the interaction of cultivar and mycorrhiza was significant only in stolon diameter and root fresh and dry weigh. The interaction of cultivar and mycorrhiza had significant effect on production of all minituber classes. Highest number of minituber was achieved by inoculating with mixture of fungi. Correlation coefficients demonstrated that most of growth parameters and minituber yield had significant relation with colonization percentage.

Potatoes, including products that have important and strategic role in feeding the world and in the world, is considered the importance of the fourth product after wheat, rice and corn. So, study the compatibility condition and phenology of different cultivars of potato in different climatic regions of our country (IRAN) is important. In order to assessment the study of growth indices of commercial and conventional potato cultivars in Esfahan region this study was carried out in field Falavarjan university in Esfahan province in 2010. A randomized complete block design with forth replications. The treatement were included 11 cultivars of commercial and conventional potato. Each plot consisted 4 rows, 6 m long with 75 cm between rows and 25 cm between plants on the rows. In this study growth indices such as: Total Dry Weight, Leaf Area Index, Crop Growth Rate, Relative Growth Rate. Net Assimilation Rate and Leaf Area Rate, Special Leaf Area and Leaf Area Duration were assessed. Results showed that all cultivars have Significant different at the 1% probability levels in all of growth indices. Results indicated that Cosima variety with leaf area index (5.23) and Sante variety with leaf area index (3.07) were significantly superior to the other cultivars. The purpose of this study, evaluate the phenology of potato cultivars in Esfahan region.

This study was carried out at the research farm of Agriculture faculty, Bu- Ali Sina university in 2009, to evaluate the effect of cover crop residue on improving soil fertility, yield and yield components of potato. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with three replications. The trial included of seven treatments consists of no cover crop, rye, barley and triticale each one with common plant density and triple plant. The results showed that rye and barley with triple plant density produced 15035 and 13922 Kg.ha-1, respectively and were prior to the than other treatments. Soil physical properties were affected significantly by cover crops, so rye, barley and triticale with triple and rye with common plant density, increased organic carbon 26, 25, 21 and 25 percent, respectively in compare with control treatment. Rye and barley with triple and rye with common plant density, showed the lowest soil specific weight than control. There was a significant correlations between organic carbon percentage, soil specific weight and number of large potato tubers with potato tuber yield. Rye and barley with triple plant density and rye with common plant density in compare to control increased tuber yield of potato 14.6, 15.3 and 21.8 ton/ha, respectively. These treatments increased the number of large potato tuber 33, 27and 42 percent, respectively in compare with control.

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of photoperiod and hormones on production of microtubers for two potato cultivars (Sante and Savalan)، which were clean and pathogens free. This experiment was performed as a factorial experiment based on randomized design with three replications. The results showed that cultivar، hormone and photoperiod would effect on all studied traits. Sante cultivar indicates more efficiency for all measured traits than in Savalan cultivar. In this experiment by using the combination of two hormones 2، 4-D and BAP would increase number، diameter and weight of microtubers. The means comparison of photoperiod showed that highest efficiency for all traits as treatment of plant for 8 hours in darkness plus 16 hours in light plus utter darkness (P3). In this research، the highest number of microtuber was related to cultivar of Sante (9. 47) is gained with hormone 2، 4-D، as well as photoperiod P3 which this superiority for Savalan cultivar is gained by using the combination of two hormones and P3 photoperiod.

Potato is one of the important and strategic crops, which limiting factors such as diseases reduce its yield. The cytological studies of some of resistant and susceptible cultivars of potato to early blight disease, Alternarias spp. that is A. alternata and A. solani which are important in potato fields were considered. The cultivars were including: ‘Agria’, ‘Santé’, ‘Shepody’, ‘Milova’, ‘Boren’ and ‘Ramose’. Measured characters were the number of chromosomes, length of longest and shortest chromosomes, ratio of the longest to the shortest chromosome, the mean length of long arm to short arm of chromosomes, mean length of chromosomes and karyotypic symmetry in each cultivar. The results showed that the base chromosome number was 12 and 2n=4x=48 for the studied cultivars. The type of chromosomes in all studied cultivars were metacentric, sub metacentric and sub telocentric. Karyotipic analysis of cultivars using relative length of the shortest chromosome (S%), total karyotipic shape (TF%) and the difference in the range of relative chromosome length (DRL) was performed. All cultivars were relatively symmetric. Comparison of relative length of the shortest chromosome (S%) and the difference in the range of relative chromosome length (DRL) showed that the resistant ‘Ramose’ and ‘Boren’ cultivars, had the most symmetric karyotype, and the susceptible ones including, ‘Agria’ and ‘Santé’ had the least symmetric karyotype. The other cultivars including ‘Shepody’ and ‘Milova’ were located at intermediate state.

Effects of different Paclobutrazol concentrations (0, 250, 350 and 450 mgL-1) and plantlet density (80, 100 and 120 plantlet/m2) on minituber production per plantlet in potato cultivar ‘Sante’ were investigated in a factorial experiment based upon a randomized complete block design of 4 replications. Paclobutrazol (Cultar with 250 g/L of active ingredient) was used as foliar application at early stolon initiation. The results indicted that Paclobutrazol increased chlorophyll a and b contents of the leaf tissue as well the ratio of the tuber fresh mass to shoot fresh mass. Paclobutrazol significantly reduced the internode,s, stem and stolon length, also reduced stem diameter. While plantlet density increased internode, stem and stolon length, yet reduced tuber fresh mass to shoot fresh mass ratio. The interaction between the two factors was significant on internode, stem and stolon lengths. The study clearly showed that Paclobutrazole is effective in suppressing excessive vegetative growth in high plantlet densities. It could also improve the minituber average weight through an increase of assimilation to the minituber and as well an increase of chlorophyll a and b contents of the leaf tissue. Means related to weight and number of minituber production were recorded as 3.27, 3.74 and 5.69, 6.16 in control and Paclobutrazol treatments, respectively. In total, for producing the highest numbers of minituber of higher weights, it is recommended to apply higher plantlet densities along with lower concentrations of Paclobutrazol

To evaluate The effects of some quantative and qualitative traits and yield of potato and to determine the most high yielding and early maturing cultivar for cold regions, twenty potato cultivars were evaluated in Dashte Mir Agro-Industrial farm located in Khodabandeh, Zanjan province, in 2005. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications and some traits such as yield, growth longevity, number of main stems per plant, flowering time and skin harding time were measured. Cultivar Agria was considered as control in the experiment. Analysis of variance on data showed significant differences among the cultivars. Arinda and Latuna with high yield, earliness and higher number of stems per plant were determind as the superior cultivars. These two cultivars were also late flowering and skin harding. Correlation between yield and number of stem per plant, growth longevity, flowering time and skin haring time was positive but not significant. Heritability of all measured traits were high. The highest heritability (0.97) was related to flowering time and the lowest (0.69) to the number of main stems per plant. The high heritability of yield can be related to the high genetic diversity amongst the cultivars.