جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « استان فارس » در نشریات گروه « بیوتکنولوژی و ژنتیک گیاهی »

Berberis vulgaris var. asperma, is a medicinal plant of Iran and lack of healthy vigorous seedlings is the main limitation of barberry cultivation. This research was carried out to develop a suitable technique for mass micropropagation of the species. Effects of different plant growth regulators, different gelling agents and different carbon sources on in vitro growth of barberry were studied in several experiments. Based on the results of the experiments, nodal segments containing 1-2 axillary buds of semi-hardwood shoots were the best explants for establishment of clean in vitro cultures. Surface disinfection of plant materials originated from adult trees was performed with immersion in 2 gl -1 of Benomyl solution for one hour, then 1% solution of commercial bleach for 15 minutes and rinsed three times with sterile distilled water. Explants cultured on media solidified with Phytagel were significantly better than the media with DifcoBacto agar and Agargel for shoot production. Addition of 3 gl -1 activated charcoal resulted in control of nutrient medium and explants browning, improvement of survival and in vitro growth of the explants. DKW medium containing 2 mgl 3 gl -1 activated charcoal and solidified with 2.5 gl -1 -1 BA, 0.5 mgl -1 IBA , 2 mgl Phytagel was optimum for in vitro growth of barberry and recommended for shoot multiplication of the species. Rooting experiment was carried out using a two phase procedure, root induction in media with high concentration of IBA, followed by transferring to growth regulators free medium for root development. No rooting was observed and further research is needed.

The natural environment and the genetic resources of Pardis region, five kilometers from
Sadra-Shiraz road, have undergone rapid and extreme changes due to the construction and development projects which are conducted over the past years. The vegetation of the region was explored in an experimental study, carried out in 2012-2013, and the existing plants were collected during different seasons. The plants were identified through microscopic studies and with the help of the library and Internet resources on Iranian flora. In an attempt to keep and preserve the plant resources of the region, the samples were added to the Herbarium of Islamic Azad University, Shiraz branch, after identification and classification. The results of this experiment indicated that Pardisfloraincluded 289 species which belonged to 47 plant families. One Pteridophyte, one Gymnospermes, and 44 Angiospermes (including 40 Dicotyledones and 4 Monocotyledones) were identified. The highest number of species belonged to Fabaceae, Poaceae and Asteraceae,Brassicaceae, and Lamiaceaefamilies respectively with 49, 38, 19,and 15 species. The most frequent species belonged to three genera namely, Astragalus, Vicia, and Amaranthuswith 10, 8, and 6 species, respectively. The plant life forms across the region included 63.40% therophyte, 21.63% hemicryptophyte, 6.20% chamephyte, 4.45% cryptophyte, 2.33% phanerophyte, and 1.99% geophyte. The results of this study indicated that the floristic composition of plant species inPardisof Shiraz is rich despite the limited area of the region.

Garra rufa, belongs to the Cyprinidae family; this fish is one of the important ecological species. In this study, six microsatellite locations were used to investigate the levels of genetic variation of Garra rufa in the Fahlyan and Sarab Bahram rivers in Fars province. In this research 56 samples used (28 samples per each river). The mean number of allele’s level at the population was 11.41 which are more than the reported values for freshwater fishes. The expected and observed heterozygosity were 0.497 and 0.847, respectively. Almost all of loci showed deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. It seems that there is a low separation between two populations of this species in the studied areas due to high level of gene flow (Nm=17.212) between two regions and low Fst (0.02). According to these analyses, it seems that, Garra rufa has desirable genetic diversity in investigated regions.

Effect of mechanization on canola production of growers was studied. Data were collected by distributing questionnaires among selected farmers in Eqlid and Jahrom districts in Fars province. Three methods were applied based on literature. In the first method by the use of cluster analysis, producers were classified into two groups. In the second method, an index was defined as a value of manufactured inputs included chemical fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation equipments, and machineries. In the third method, a mechanization index as ratio of machinery costs to machinery and labor costs was considered. These criteria were used as explanatory variable in Cobb-Douglas production function. Findings of correlation analysis revealed that throughout low-mechanized group the relation of yield with inputs is positive and statistically significant, except in case of seed and labor. The results of production function showed that 10% increase in water, pesticides and chemical fertilizer (labor) applications will rise or decrease the outputs by 4.3, 2.2, 6.2 and 8.7%, respectively. Dummy variable of location indicated proper condition of canola production in Eqlid than in Jahrom. In case of highly mechanized farmers, based on correlation coefficients, the relation among yield with inputs were found unexpected or statistically non- significant, except for seed (+0.42). The results of production function of highly mechanized producers showed that water, labor and machinery related negatively to the production. Seed also was revealed a significant positive effect on canola production. Based on the mechanization criteria concerning total value of manufactured inputs, 10% increase of this criterium will rise yield by 1.3%. The results of another mechanization criterium, the ratio of machinery costs to machinery and labor costs showed that 10% increase in this criterium will rise canola production by 6.9%.

The main objective of this study was to develop optimal cropping pattern for producers of Marvdashat district. Determination of optimal cropping contains providing the objectives of reducing production variance or risk, reducing water usage, and providing a special amount of gross margin, simultaneously. Regarding the fluctuations in coefficients used in objective function and constraints and fuzziness of the coefficients, the coefficients were used in fuzzy form. Considering the objectives and applying fuzzy values jointly was resulted in multi objective fuzzy programming. Current pattern of selected producers contains rice, wheat, maize, hay maize, tomato, sugar beet and canola with area of, .8, 0., 0.,, 0., 0. and 0. hectares, respectively. Gross margin of the current pattern is 09. billions rials. Variance of gross margin and water consumption in the current pattern were 87×0 and 0 m, respectively. In fuzzy optimal pattern, rice, wheat, tomato and canola had priority over other crops, getting area of 0.,. ,. and Hectares, respectively. Gross margin, variance of gross margin and water consumption in fuzzy optimal pattern were 9.99, 96×0 and 978 m, respectively. The results also revealed that increased uncertainty in water availability results in reduction of wheat area in favor of rice and canola.

Lowering transformation costs using low cost transportation plans may result in reduced final price of crops in consumption places and increased efficiency. This study was a try to develope an optimal solution for fruit transport throughout production, cold storage, and distribution points. Fruit cold storages of Fars province are located in Firouzabad, Jahrom, Sepidan, Istahban, Shiraz, and Kazeroun. Production points providing the above storages with fruits are Jahrom, Darab, Sepidan, Istahban, and Semirom (Isfahan province) districts. The dataset were gathered by completing questioner in 385 (006) in the above mentioned points. The cost function of the study included two parts: cost of transporting fruit between production and storage points, and the one of transporting between storages and distribution centers. In current pattern, the total cost of both transporting networks equals to 05 million Rials, while in optimal solution it can be reduced to 886. million Rials, (equal to 0.4 percent reduction). Some transporting paths including Jahrom to Kazeroun, Jahrom to Shiraz, Darab to Kazeroun, Sepidan to Firouzabad, Sepidan to Jahrom, and Semirom to Shiraz, Shiraz to Tehran, and Shiraz to Isfahan were eliminated from transportation network. In three nearly optimal solutions, from the eliminated paths, Semirom to Shiraz, and Sepidan to Jahrom ones could not incorporated and the other ones could get a positive amount.

Drought is one of the natural disasters and it is very much frequent in dry and semidry areas of Iran. Lack of rainfall has different effects on underground waters, soil moisture and river currents. Examining and analyzing of drought severity duration curves and evaluation curves are essential to water resources and agricultural management planning. So, the drought indices should be used. Standardized precipitation index (SPI) is one of the most important indices that aims to assign numeric values to the most important climate factor (rainfall). It is used to determine precipitation deficit in different time scales. Time scales show the drought effects on water resource abilities. In present study, the drought severities were determined in a 30 year statistical period for 0 stations across Fars province of Iran in three 6, and 4 months scales. Then based on drought severities in different months, the change process curves of SPI index were provided at different scales. Considering the short-time, mid-time and long-time scales, and the drought was examined from different view points and its severest events and their alternation periods were compared and analyzed. The results showed that Fars province has been encountered with droughts for many years and it has deteriorated in recent years. Other results showed that the short-time droughts had very much fluctuation and were much sensitive to the moisture changes. But in long-term time scale, the sever droughts had long standing and reflected the drought in better fashion. Thus, since drought severity and its frequency are all directly or indirectly time scale depended functions, they may be regarded as the initial warning for drought and help to evaluate it. Result was also revealed the changes process from low severity to high one from northwest to the southeast of the province. The alternation period of drought occurrence with a mild severity varied 3-0 years in average at the studied stations. These quantities for moderate and severe droughts were obtained 5-5 and 0-5 years, respectively.

The main objective of this study was to develop an optimal cropping pattern for sugar beet growers of Eqlid district (Fars province) and to investigate its importance in cropping pattern. Regarding the effect of risk on producer's decision, two sources of risk including price and yield risks was considered. Beside the other objectives, reduced water use was also dealt with applying multi objective Programming framework. The results showed that the income difference of current and optimal cropping pattern is only 7 percent. However, they are different in crop combination, so that, in current pattern. 8 hectare out of 6.8 hectare of representative growers belongs to sugar beet, while in the case of optimal pattern, it reduces to 0. hectares. In general, in developed cropping patterns, sugar beet-wheat dominated production combination changes in favor of been. The change meets the goal of reduced water use up to percent in addition to providing the current gross margin. The results revealed that farmers mainly consider price risk, to a great extent, in cropping pattern. It was also determined that inefficiency of sugar beet in using water as a restricting input has been resulted in reduced priority of sugar beet in cropping pattern.

Meat cold storages of Fars province including Lar, Shiraz, Marvdasht, and Kazeroun are supported by Eqlid, Shiraz, Tehran, Kazeroun, and Marvdasht districts and their commodities is distributed in Lar, Jahrom, Marvdasht, Shiraz, Fasa, Kazeroun, and Darab lingo 0 software were used to obtain optimal pattern of meat transportation network. In current pattern, the total cost of transportation through two transporting networks equals to 8 million rials, while in optimal solution it reduced to 940. million rials, i.e., using the optimal solution can result in a saving of 0.4 percent. Transportation paths to Kazeroun to Shiraz, Kazeroun to Lar, and Kazeroun to Fasa couldn’t get a priority to contribute to transportation, thus two nearly optimal solutions, considering a 5% deviation (incrementin cost) from optimal point, were developed. Nearly optimal solutions were obtained by some changes occurred in transportation path from production to storage points. The first nearly optimal solution was obtained by change in the transportation paths of Kazeroun and Lar storages and the second one was obtained by change in the transportation path to Shiraz and Kazeroun storages.