جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "محلول پاشی" در نشریات گروه "بیوتکنولوژی و ژنتیک گیاهی"

In order to investigate the effect of humic acid and irrigation interval on yield and yield components of corn seed of single-cross 704 at the region of Zabol, an experiment as the split-plot has been conducted in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Treatments of the experiment included irrigation round as main plot in three levels of 6, 9 and 12 days, and spraying of humic acid as a subplot in four levels of control or every week, every two weeks, every three weeks and every four weeks. The effect of irrigation and spraying of humic acid and their interactions on plant height, number of ear per plant and number of seeds per ear were significant. The highest plant height, number of ear per plant and number of seeds per ear was obtained under 6 days of irrigation round and every two week spraying of humic acid which by 6 days of irrigation round and  every week spraying of humic acid and every three week in same statistical group and did not show any significant difference. On the other hand, the 12 days of irrigation round treatments and every four week spraying of humic acid showed that significantly reduced in the above traits. So that with 12 days of irrigation round and spraying every week and every three weeks of humic acid was placed in the same statistical group. Therefore, the best irrigation round in order to produce corn grain is recommended for 6 days of irrigation round with the use of every two weeks for humic acid spraying for cultivation in the region.

To investigate the effect of triacontanol on the yield and yield components of the two chickpea Landraces, a completely randomized factorial design was conducted with three replications. The treatments were designed at four levels of hormone consumption including 0, 5, 10 and 15 mg/L in the form of leaf and soil applications on two chickpea Landrace of Mashhad and Kermanshah. The total treatments included 24 pots for each Landrace. In this experiment, traits such as grain yield, biological yield, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, height of plant, 100-grain weight, and total biomass of chickpeas were examined. The results revealed that the effects of triacontanol application and method of application on chickpea Landraces were not significant. The results also showed no significant effect for biomass. Moreover, analyzing the effects of interaction between the amount of hormone consumption and method of consumption and type of chickpea mass on the yield and yield components showed that all properties were significantly different with an exception of the number of grains per pod and 100-grain weight. Increasing the doses of hormone by leaf application on Mashhad Landrace resulted in significant improvement of yield and yield components of the chickpea. The triple interaction effects of triacontanol application, method of application and chickpea Landrace on the measured traits were significant in all treatments. In the triple interaction, the highest yield was observed in 15 mg/L triacontanol application on the leaves of Mashhad Landrace chickpea, which increased the yield by 45% compared to control treatment. It was concluded that the increase of yield and yield components by increasing doses of triacontanol application on leaves was mainly due to their effects on aerial parts of the plant through decreased rates of flowers, pods and falling leaves. On the whole, application of biochemical triacontanol hormone resulted in increasing chickpea yield by its positive effect on the metabolism activities of the plant.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of zinc nano-chelate on vegetative characteristics and expression of genes affecting the synthesis of thymol and carvacrol in thyme. The experimental design was factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor included two cultivars of thyme and the second factor was the foliar application of zinc nano-chelate at four levels (zero (control), 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 mg/l). The results of the present study showed that the highest content of carotenoids was at the level of 4.5 mg /l and the highest content of caracrol essential oil was at the level of 2.5 mg /l nano-zinc chelate. The results of comparing the mean of interaction treatments also showed that both cultivars showed the highest plant dry yield, chlorophyll a and b content in response to spraying of 3.5 mg /l nano-zinc chelate. In this study, the highest thymol content of essential oil was recorded in the levels of 2.5 and 3.5 mg/l  for Thymus vulgaris cultivars and Thymus Dena cultivars at the levels of 2.5 and 4.5 mg / L. The results showed that the effect of nano-chelate zinc foliar application on the expression of CYP71D180 and CYP71D178 genes was significant at the level of 1% and on the expression of DXR and CYP71D180 genes at the level of 5% probability. In this study, the level of 2.5 mg / l nano-zinc chelate increased the expression of DXR gene by 27.36% compared to the control treatment. Also, foliar application of two levels of 2.5 and 3.5 mg / l increased the expression of gamaterpinene synthase genes by 51.13% and 2.38%, expression of CYP71D180 gene by 36.31% and 42.28, and the expression of CYP71D178 gene by 61.70% and 36.34%, respectively.

The medicinal plant Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) is cultivated all over the world due to its economic and ornamental potential and its wide application in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. To investigate the effect of abscisic acid foliar application on increasing drought stress tolerance in Munstead Organic cultivar, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block with three replications in the Faculty of Plant Production of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran in year 2016-2017. Experimental treatments were considered at four levels of irrigation regimes (including 90-100, 70-80, 50-60, and 30-40% of field capacity(FC)) and three levels of abscisic acid foliar application (including zero, 15, and 30 mM/l). Data analysis showed that the highest percentage of the essential oil (1.18%) was obtained in 15 μM abscisic acid and 30-40%FC. While the highest yield of the essential oil (0.055 g/plant) was related to the application of 30 μM abscisic acid in 70-80%FC. The category of the essential oil components also showed that out of 26 identified components, six compounds were hydrocarbon monoterpene, 10 compounds were oxygen monoterpene, six compounds were hydrogen peroxide and four components were oxygen sedimentation. With increasing drought, stress, the amount of hydrocarbon and oxygen monoterpene compounds decreased, but hydrocarbon and oxygen sesquiterpene compounds increased. The results also showed that the highest amount of limonene (10%) was obtained from adding 15 μM abscisic acid in irrigation of 70-80%FC. The highest amounts of camphor (10.47%) and bernoulli (51.58%) were achieved in complete irrigation and non-use of abscisic acid. However, the highest amounts of cariofillenoxide (7.80%) and α-Muurolene (24.90%) was observed in 30 μM abscisic acid and 60-50%FC and in 30 μM abscisic acid and 30-40%FC, respectively. Overall, it was found that foliar application of abscisic acid under drought stress 30-40%FC, could increase the percentage of the essential oils and sesquiterpene compounds to cope with drought conditions in lavender.

Because of the importance of medicinal plants cultivation with organic manner and the advantages of biological fertilizers, the experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design with three replications in pot condition using three times at 10 days interval with foliar application of concentrations of 25, 50 and 100% vermicompost tea. Two weeks after the last spraying, canopy diameter, plant height, crown diameter, root length, node number, distance between the first node from the crown, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, leaf fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, plant fresh weight, leaf dry weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and plant dry weight were measured. The growth indices increased with increasing of concentration of vermicompost tea so that vermicompost tea 50% showed higher plant height, leaf number and plant dry weight. Vermicompost tea 100% treatment was the highest amount of root length, width and height of the leaf, stem fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight. Vermicompost tea may have a positive effect on growth indices related to the ability of nitrogen uptake by plants or growth hormones effect of earthworms on vermicompost tea. Given the pace of the transfer of nutrients from the leaves to the different plant parts, spraying bio- fertilizers alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers can education in the cultivation of medicinal plants recommended less use of chemicals occurs, have a positive effect.

Given the limitations of the soil application of micronutrients (such as fixation and the residual effects), spraying or foliar feeding is an effective way for compensating the nutritional need of the plants to the micronutrients. In an attempt to explore the impact of zinc sulfate and manganese sulfate spraying on yield and the agronomic characteristics of canola varieties (Brassica napus L.) in paddy, a factorial experiment following a randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out in the research field of the Rice Research Institute of Rasht in 2009. The factors in this study included the application of micronutrients at four levels (zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, combined use of zinc and manganese sulfates, and their zero application) and the varieties at three levels (Hyola 401, Hyola 308, and RGS006). The results indicated that micronutrient fertilizer had a significant effect on the plant height, the number of pods per plant, the length of the pods in the main and side stems, the number of seeds in the pods, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, harvest index, and oil yield. The varieties significantly affected the plant height, the number of pods in the plant, the number of seeds in the pod, 1000 seed weight, and seed and oil yield. However, the interaction effect of the experiment treatments was only significant in the number of pods in the plant, the number of seeds in the pod, and oil percentage. The results revealed that the number of pods in the plant and the number of seeds in the pod were the highest in the treatment of the combined use of zinc and manganese sulfates in Hyola401 variety. The maximum amount of oil yield was obtained from the combined use of zinc and manganese sulfates Hyola401 with an average of 1146 kg per hectare.

Effect of soil and foliar application of Fe, Zn and both Fe and Zn fertilizers on growth and yield of green bean was evaluated as factorial based on a rondomized complete block design. Factors were fertilizer type (Fe, Zn, and both Fe and Zn fertilizers) and fertilizer type and application time (control, soil application of fertilizers, foliar application at vegetative stage, foliar application at early flowering stage, foliar application at two vegetative and flowering stages, foliar application after harvest, foliar application at three vegetative, early flowering and after harvest stages). Based on the results, soil application of fertilizers, foliar application at two vegetative and flowering stages and foliar application at three vegetative, early flowering and after harvest stages increased plant height, leaf number, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, shoot dry weight and yield, significantly. Application of both Fe and Zn fertilizers was more effective than solely application of each fertilizer in leaf number, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, shoot dry weight and yield. Maximum yield 2.29 kg/m2) was obtained by application of both fertilizers and minimum rate (1.82 kg/m2) was observed when Fe fertilizer was applied solely. Pod yield was also 65, 59 and 65% higer than the control in soil application of fertilizers, foliar application at two vegetative and flowering stages and foliar application at three vegetative, early flowering and after harvest stages treatments, respectively. Combined application of Fe and Zn and solely application of Zn resulted in a higher Zn content in plant in comparison to the solely application of Fe. Besides, the lowest Zn content in plant was obtained in foliar fertilizer application at vegetative stage. Also, combined application of Fe and Zn and solely application of Fe resulted in a higher Fe content in plant in comparison to the solely application of Zn. The minimum impact on increasing Fe concent in plant was observed in foliar application of fertilizers at early flowering stage.

To investigate the effect of different times and concentrations of Zn-chelate fertilizer spraying on corn seed (704 cultivar), an experiment was carried out in split plot in Khatam region, using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments included three spraying times (T1= spraying the plant with 5 to 8 leaves, T2= spraying the plant with 5 to 8 leaves at the emergence of crown flower, and T3= spraying the plant with 5 to 8 leaves at the emergence of crown flower at dough stage) in the main plot, and different concentrations of Zn-chelate (i.e. C1= zero application of Zn (control), C2= spraying 0.5 kg /ha Zn, and C3= spraying 1 kg/ha Zn) in the sub-plot. The traits under study included corn weight, the number of seeds and rows in corn, cob weight, corn length, 1000-grain weight, and seed yield. The results indicated that the aforementioned treatments had a significant effect on grain yield, the number of seeds, 1000-grain weight, and cob weight. On the contrary, corn length and weight and the number of rows were not affected. The interaction effect of the two treatments also revealed that the highest 1000-grain weight (373.3 g) obtained from 1 kg/ha Zn and T3 spraying treatments. The results indicated that spraying 1 kg/ha Zn significantly increased grain yield and the number of seeds in corn. The highest average of the number of corn seed and grain yield obtained from the third level of spraying time, i.e. spraying the plant with 5 to 8 leaves at the emergence of crown flower at dough stage. The highest grain yield belonged to 1 kg/ha Zn and T3 spraying treatments. Keywords: Corn Seed)Zea Mayse), Zn-chelate, Time, Concentration, Spraying, Yield Component

In order to evaluate the effects of foliar application of manganese, zinc and boron on grain quality and quantity characteristics of dryland wheat, a split-split plot experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Experiment was carried out in Dryland Agricultural Research Station in Maragheh region, northwest Iran during 2008-2009. Wheat cultivars (Azar2 and Homa) were planted in main plots. Foliar application time in three stages of tillering (GS32), stem elongation (GS37) and flag leaf emerging (GS64) and foliar application of micronutrients (control, pure water, 35g.ha-1 manganese sulfate, 25 g.ha-1 zinc sulfate and 15 g.ha-1 boric acid) were also allocated to subplots and sub subplots, respectively. Results showed that foliar application of microelements significantly affected grain yield, spike number per area unit, dry weight and fresh weight of flag leaf and harvest index. According to the results, application of 35 g.ha-1 manganese sulfate and 25 g.ha-1 zinc sulfates had non significant effect on grain yield. \ Application of 15 g.ha-1 boric acid resulted in the highest yield (1418 kg. ha-1), dry weight and fresh weight of flag leaf. The highest number of spikes per m2 was observed with application of 35 g.ha-1 manganese sulfate. According to these results, tillering stage (GS32) was the best stage for foliar application of micronutrients that produced the highest yield (1630 g.ha-1). Azar2 was better cultivar and produced 32 and 36 percent higer biological and grain yield in comparison to Homa cultivar, respectively.

Yield and yield components response of chickpea to time and different levels of humic acid foliar application was studied in Bardaskan (northeast Iran) in 2011. experiment was carried out as factorial based on a complete randomized block design with three replications. Factors were foliar application time of humic acid at three levels (three leaf, flowering and poding stages), and different levels of humic acid concentrations (0, 2, 4 and 6 Lit.ha-1). Humic acid 8% was used with Humax trade name containing 80% humic acid, 5% potassium oxide and 15% fulvic acid. Yield and yield components response were different to foliar application time. Foliar application at flowering stage had the greatest effect on pod number per plant, seed number per plant, economic yield and biological yield, while foliar application at three leaf stage had the highest effect on plant height and lateral branches number in plant. Increasing humic acid level increased all parameters, except lateral branches number in plant. The highest pod number per plant, seed number per plant, economic yield and biological yield was obtained at 6 lit.ha-1 humic acid concentration. Overall, the result of this experiment showed that 6 lit.ha-1 humic acid application at poding stage can be recommended to achieve optimal economic performance.

To evaluate the effects of different levels of zinc and copper intake as soil and foliar application and interaction of these two elements on wheat’s qualitative and quantitative characteristics, the research was done as a factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with 3 replications in Greenhouse College of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University Saveh in November 2008. The factors of this research included complex of 3 levels of Soild mix of zinc, copper and 2 levels of spray of these two elements. The Results did not show significant effect of fertilizer on protein and percentage of tiller and Grain number in spike. The Results showed that the application of zinc and copper on soil compared with control significantly increased Grain yield, grain weight, zinc and copper content of seed, concentration zinc and cooper on seed, concentration zinc and copper on the shoot and fertile tillers, while application of zinc on soil and spray zinc as compared with control significant content absorbed copper and zinc on seed, concentration copper and zinc on the shoot. The results showed that the application of zinc on soil and spray copper as compared with control View caused significant increase of content absorbed zinc on seed, concentration zinc on seed and concentration zinc on the shoot while application of copper on soil and spray zinc as compared with control View caused significant increase of content absorbed copper and zinc on seed, concentration copper and zinc on seed, concentration copper and zinc on the shoot and fertile tillers. The results showed that application of copper on soil and spray copper as compared with control View caused significant increase of concentration zinc and copper on seed, content absorbed zinc and copper on seed, concentration zinc and copper on the shoot and grain weight. The results showed that spray copper and zinc as compared with control View had significant increase of concentration zinc and copper on seed, concentration zinc and copper on the shoot and content absorbed copper on seed. The results showed that zinc and copper had a negative Interaction on each other. The Results in this study showed that the application of zinc and copper together on soil had the highest effect on yield of wheat.

The effect of different anounts and procedures of Cu and Fe fertilizers applications on yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) var. Pishtaz was evaluated in the greenhouse of Agricultural College of Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University in 2008. A factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was applied. Treatments included three levels of Fe (control, 2.5 and 5 mg.kg -1 of CuSO4.5H2O) and Cu (control, 5 and 10 mg.kg -1 of FeSO4.H2O) fertilizers were applied on the soil and two levels foliar applications (control and 2000 mg.L-1 of Cu-EDTA plus Fe-EDTA). The results did not show significant effect of treatments on protein content and number of tillers. Soil application of Fe fertilizer significantly increased yield components, Fe content in seeds, number of shoots and the number of fertile tillers about 37, 31, 11 and 29%, respectively. Whereas the soil application of Cu significantly increased yield components, uptake and content of Cu in the grain and straw and number of fertile tillers about 12, 42, 40 and 42% respectively. The results showed that spray application of Fe in comparison to the control, significantly increased grain yield, grain number per spike, Fe uptake and Fe concentrations in the grain and straw about 20, 4, 6, 14 and 2% respectively. The foliar application of Cu significantly increased the concentration of Cu in the grain and straw as well as Cu content in the grain about 31, 33 and 33%, respectively. The results of this experiment indicated that there was an antagonistic interactions between Fe and Cu contents in the grain, where by increasing Fe content in the plant, the content of Cu will be reduced and vice versa.

Effect of spraying zinc sulphate (ZnSo4) on yield and yield components of three soybean varieties wasstudied. A factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with four replications was carried out at the Islamic Azad University Research Farm, Khorramabad region, in 2009. Factors were three varieties of soybean named, m7, m9, L17 and zinc sulphate solution spray at three levels of 0, 0.002 and 0.004 kg/l that applied at flowering and pod stages. Characteristics like seed yield, biological yield, oil percentage, oil yield, number of nodes per stem, average length of mid-node and harvest index were measured. The results showed that genotypes had a significant effect (p≤0.01) on seed yield, oil yield and biological yield (p≤0.05). Comparison of means (using Duncan's multiple range test) indicated that the highest seed yield (2130.9 kg /ha) and biological yield (2452.3 kg/ha) were obtained for the variety L17. The effect of different levels of ZnSo4 spraying and their interaction with variety showed significant differences (p≤0.05) on oil percentage and its value was reduced. The main effect of zinc sulphate spraying, variety and their interactions were not significant for the traits like stem diameter, number of nodes per stem, average length of mid-node and harvest index. Indeed, application of zinc sulphate solution on seed yield was not statistically significant.

Effects of foliar application of potassium sources and their concentrations on the yield and quality of hydroponically grown cut flower Gerbera jamesonii cv. Stanza was studied. The experiment was carried out at Pakdasht, Varamin, in 2008. Plants were either sprayed with three salts included KNO3, K2SiO3 and K2SO4 with a net potassium concentration of 0, 1.5 and 3 g/l respectively. The treatments were conducted as a complete randomized design with five replicates. The resultes indicated that all K treatments increased the yield significantly at 1% of probability level. The treatment KNO3 showed the highest yield. The quality of the gerberas was significantly improved in KNO3 and K2SiO3 treatments (3g/l) as compared with the control. An increase of potassium concentration in all cases, rised amount of leaf potassium content in plants. A significant increase of chlorophyll ratio was observed in all potassium treatments as compared with the control. In turn, cocentrations of Ca and Mg elements were reduced in all plants treated with potassium treatments. Level of potassium has been increased in foliage parts without any side effects on plant quality. By mean comparisons, it is concluded that the foliar application of potassium nitrare and potassium silicate (3g/l) disclosed high advatages on the growth and quality of cut flower gerbera.

The effects of nitrogen source, amount and foliar application of urea and micro nutrients on growth traits of cucumber was studied using a factorial experiment based on completely randomizd design out in Mahneshan, Zanjan, Iran. In this study, two sources of nitrogen (urea and sulfur coated urea), three levels of nitrogen (0, 200, and 400 kg/ha) and five levels of foliar spray, including urea (2 g/l), urea + Fe-EDTA (2+2 g/l), urea + So4Zn (2+2 g/l) and urea + So4Zn + Fe-EDTA (2+2+2 g/l) were used. Nitrogen fertilizers were used befor transplanting and foliar spray was carried out when the plants were in five leaf stage and repeated in several weeks. During the growth priod, various traits such as cucumber yield, number of fruits, length and diameter of fruits, and numberof lateral branches were measured. The results showed that effects of nitrogen source and amounts, and foliar application methods of urea and micro nutrients and their interaction were significant on growth traits in cucumber. The highest yield of Cucumber (1002 g/plant) was obtained by the application of 400 kg N/ha as Sulfur Coated Urea in combination with foliar spray of Urea + So4Zn + Fe-EDTA. The results showed that foliarapplication of nitrogen and micro nutrients increased yield, fruit number, fruit length, fruit diameter and dry matter percentage of cucumber.

The study chlorophyl a+b amount and extinction coefficient are very important elements of photosynthesis amount and efficiency. In order to study the Effect of Boric acid spraying levels on chlorophyll a+b content and extinction coefficient of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars an experiment carried out in factorial design in the basis of randomized complete blocks with 4 replications in 2007. Bor spraying treatments from Boric acid source in three levels: 0, 1.5/1000 and 3.0/1000 and Rapeseed cultivars in 3 levels: Licord, Modena and SLM046 were considered.The Results showed that simple effect of cultivars, bor spraying element and interaction effect of them on chlorophyll a+b content and extinction coefficient had significant difference. In this case Licord cultivar with 6.62 mg/lit produced maximum amount of chlorophyll a+b content and with 0.46 highest amounts of extinction coefficient and SLM046 cultivar with 5.54 mg/lit and 0.34 showed the lowest amounts of chlorophyll a+b content and extinction coefficient in three average bor spraying amounts alternatively.The effect of bor element spraying amounts on mentioned characters showed that 1.5/1000 and 3/1000 Bor spraying with 6.54 and 6.51 mg/lit had the highest amounts of chlorophyll a+b content and with 0.46 and 0.41 produced minimum amounts of extinction coefficient.The interaction effect of experimental factor on mentioned characters showed that, 3/1000 bor spraying in Licord with 7.25 mg/lit and 0.52 gained the highest amount of chlorophyll a+b and extinction coefficient.

Foliar-nitrogen applied has the potential to become an important component in fertilizing programs for citrus in Iran, as it can reduce nitrate leaching into ground water. The goal of this research was to determine the most foliar concentration, ammonium nitrate application to “Tamson Navel “orange trees, for achieving the highest quantity and quality of yield. Foliar sprays were carried out, in two stages with concentration 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 % and in three different concentrations, on 10 years old trees, grafted on sour orange rootstocks in Kotra Station of citrus Research Institute in Ramsar city. First stage applied in April with concentrations (0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 %) and second stage in the end July with concentrations (0.15, 0.35 and 0.45 %). Fruits were harvested in December as local common and determining the quantitative and qualitative (fruit diameter, fruit length, fruit weigh, fruit sink thickness, Vitamin C, total soluble solids, acidity and yield) parameters. The obtained results of statistical analysis showed that ammonium nitrate treatments at concentration of 0.8 and 1.2% had significant increase in yield and weight mean fruit in comparison to control treatment, respectively. Also, significant decrease in ratio sink thickness to diameter fruit in ammonium nitrate treatment with concentration of 0.4% was observed. The result indicated significant effect in total soluble solid to acidity ratio in ammonium nitrate treatments with concentration of 0.8% and 1.2%. In fruit length, fruit weight and ratio total soluble solids on acidity factors, treatment ammonium nitrate at concentration of 1.2%. Generally, treatment ammonium nitrate at concentration of 1.2% in almost factors measured had the best response and introduce as the best concentration.

This study was carried out in 2003 in Damavand region to evaluate the effect of foliar application of complete fertilizer on yield and yield component of two potato‘s cultivars on a factorial in a randomized complete blocks design with four replications. In this experiment, two cultivars (Agria and Ajax) and four times of complete fertilizer foliar application (no application, complete emergence, tuber formation and tuber formation and tuber filling) were used.The results showed that there wasn‘t a significant difference between cultivars except for weight of tubers per plant and total yield, which Agric was superior to Ajax. the results showed that there was a significant difference between foliar application at tuber formation and tuber-filling treatment with another treatment and foliar application at tuber formation and tuber-filling produced higher yield. Finally it is recommended that for this region and other similar regions the superior cultivars like Agria to be planted and apply foliar application of complete fertilizer during tuber formation and tuber filling in order to increase the yield of potato.