جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ورمی کمپوست » در نشریات گروه « بیوتکنولوژی و ژنتیک گیاهی »

In order to investigate the effect of different proportions of seaweed extract and vermicompost on yield and yield components of bean, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized block design with four replications was carried out in spring and summer of 2018 in Arak. The experimental treatments included the administration of vermicompost (A) in four levels (control (a1), 5 t/ha (a2), 10 t/ha (a3) and 15 t/ha (a4)); and the seaweed (B) spray spread in four levels of control (b1), 1% (b2), 2% (b3) and 3 percent (b4). The results showed that vermicompost application had a significant effect on all of the studied traits. Furthermore, the main effect of spray application of seaweed extract on the number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, number of seeds per plant, 100 seed weight, yield Grain, biological yield, harvest index, plant height, leaf area, relative humidity, chlorophyll b, stomatal conductance and protein function was significant. Regarding the interaction between vermicompost application and marigold algae extraction, only grain yield, biological yield, and harvest index were significant. The results of mean comparisons of the above-mentioned traits showed that the highest values were obtained from the application of 15 t/ha vermicompost and spray application of seaweed extract with 3% casting. The results of the mean comparisons of the interaction effect of vermicompost application in algae application indicated that the highest grain yield with an average of 500 g/m2 was related to the application of 15 t/ha of vermicompost and 3% algae, and the lowest (156.55 g/m2) related to the control consumption of vermicompost and intense consumption of algae. Therefore, it can be concluded that the application of high levels of vermicompost and spray application of seaweed extract can have a significant effect on the yield and yield components of bean.

To determine the effect of vormicompost and chicken manure on potato yield and yield components in Kermanshah climate condition, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted with four vormicompost rates of 0 as control, 3, 6 and 9 t/ha and poultry manure rates of 0, 10, 12 and 14 t/ha. Number of stems and tubers per plant, tuber weight and tuber yield significantly increased with chicken manure and verrmicompost application. Interaction between vormicompost and chicken manure showed that the potato received 3 t/ha of vermicompost and 10 t/ha of chicken manure caused the highest yield two times more than control. This treatment had the highest effect on the number of tubers per plant.Also, the highest tuber weight and number of stems per plant were obtained in 3 t/ha of chicken manure and 12 vormicompost and 12 t/ha, respectively. Correlation evaluation showed that there was a significant positive relationship between the number of stems per plant and final yield.Generally, 3 t/ha of vormicompost and 10 t/ha of chicken manure was recommended to increase potato yield production.

In recent years, the effect of exogenous organic amendments on soil properties and plant growth characteristics has received renewed attention (Motta and Maggiore, 2013). Although the utilization of mineral fertilizers could be viewed as the best solution in terms of plant productivity, this approach is often inefficient in the long-term in tropical ecosystems due to the limited ability of low-activity clay soils to retain nutrients. Intensive use of agrochemicals in agricultural systems is also known to have irreversible effects on soil and water resources (Weber et al, 2014). Compost is organic matter that has been decomposed and recycled as a fertilizer and soil amendment. Compost can greatly enhance the physical structure of soil. Decomposing organic amendments slowly release nutrients which may be taken up by plants and thus result in improved agroecosystem productivity (Csizinszky, 2002). Vermicompost is currently being promoted to improve soil quality, reduces water and fertilizer needs and therefore increases the sustainability of agricultural practices in tropical countries. Vermicomposting is a process which stabilizes organic matter under aerobic and mesophilic conditions through the joint action of earthworms and microorganisms. The products of vermicomposting have been successfully used to suppress plant pests and disease as well as increase crop productivity (Sadeghi et al, 2014). Cow manure is an excellent fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients. It also adds organic matter to the soil which may improve soil structure, aeration, soil moisture-holding capacity, and water infiltration (Motta and Maggiore, 2013). Plant density is the number of individuals of a given plants that occurs within a given sample unit or study area. Planting density can impact the overall health of plants. Plantings that are too sparse (the density is too low) may be more susceptible to weeds, while planting that are too dense might force plants to compete over scarce nutrients and water and cause stunted growth (Ibrahim, 2012). Evaluation of germination and biological characteristics of seed is the basic and primary studies in field of medicinal plants cultivation (Canter et al, 2005). Despite of many researches on the effect of organic fertilizers and plant density on different crops, information on the effects of these factors for seed resulting from rootstock of many medicinal plants is scarce, therefore, in this study germination and seedling growth indices of Echium amoenum seeds resulting from the rootstock in different plant densities and in condition of organic and chemical fertilizers was studied.

In order to evaluation of germinaton characteristics and seedling growth of Iranian Ox-Tongue (Echium amoenum) seeds resulting from the rootstock in different plant densities and in conditions of organic and chemical application, a factorial experiment based on CRD design with three replications was conducted in 2014 year, in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. The experimental treatments included seeds resulting from treated Iraninan Ox-Tongue with different agronomic factors in farm including 3 plant densities (3, 5 and 10 plants per m2) and 4 different types of organic and chemical fertilizers (10 t.ha-1 compost, 7 t.ha-1 vermicompost, 30 t.ha-1 cow manure, 90 kg.ha-1 nitrogen chemical fertilizer and control).

The results showed that in all studied plant densities, the highest germination percentage obtained from vermicompost treatment. Germination rate in density of 5 plants per m2 and application of compost, vermicompost, cow manure and chemical fertilizers was 6, 43, 49 and 40% more than the application of these fertilizers in density of 3 palnts per m2, respectively. The all studied organic fertilizers decreased the mean germination time compared to control, so that the mean germination time in compost, vermicompost and cow manure treatments decreased 58, 55 and 42% compared to control. The highest radicle and plumule length obtained in density of 5 plants per m2 and compost, vermicompost and chemical fertilizers increased radicle to plumule length ratio 3, 5 and 12% compared to control, respectively. Organic fertilizers are among the most significant resources for development of agricultural soil quality and increase in the yield of different medicinal plants. It has been reported that this ecological inputs provide favorable conditions for plant growth and development through improvement of physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil (Motta and Maggiore, 2013), therefore, it can be concluded that improvement of the most studied traits on germination characteristics of resulting seeds of Echium amoenum in the present study were due to use of organic fertilizers. Fallahi et al., (5) have reported the positive effects of organic fertilizers on the improvement of quantitative and qualitative characteristics in chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). It seems plants compete with each other over scarce nutrients and water in high plant density and cause stunted growth (Ibrahim, 2012). In a study, effect of row spacing 20×40, 30×40 and 30×50 cm on yield and yield components of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) reviewed and reported the related properties of seeds in treatment of 20×40 cm had the highest value (Saglam et al, 2004). Overall, according to the findings of this study, it seems that application of ecological inputs and use of optimum plant density in cultivation of Echium amoenum, can reduce the damage caused by the use of chemical fertilizers, meanwhile effective in improving the quality and properties of the resulting seeds.

This study was conducted in Islamic Azad University, Shirvan branch during the growing year in 2012-2013 to determine the effect of organic fertilizers on yield and yield components of safflower. The treatments consisted of vermicompost, urban waste compost, cow manure and chemical fertilizer which were applied in two full and limited irrigated conditions. The experiment was conducted in split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Irrigation and fertilizer treatments were conducted in main plot and sub-plot, respectively. The highest seed yield in full irrigated condition obtained from chemical fertilizer, 50 t/h cow manure, 10 t/h vermicompost and 5 t/h urban waste compost treatments which had no significant difference with each other but in comparison with check increased seed yield up to 25.9%, 18.4%, 17.4% and 15%, respectively. The highest seed obtained from the application of 15 t/h urban waste compost and was increased 25.7% seed yield in comparison with chemical fertilizer. Therefore, application of 5 t/h urban waste compost in full irrigation condition and 15 t/h in limited irrigation condition had desirable results and it is recommended for safflower production but further studies are needed to confirm these results.

The present study was conducted in a randomized complete block design with eight treatments and four replications. Eight types of potting media including perlite, perlite + vermiculite (1:1 v:v), perlite + peat moss (1:1 v:v), soil + perlite (1:1 v:v), perlite + soil + cow manure compost (4:3:3 v:v), perlite + soil + vermicompost (4:3:3 v:v:v), field soil and perlite + peat moss as conventional nutrient solution and planting media used in greenhouse (Control). During the growing season, the leaf area, plant height, stem basal diameter, tuber fresh and dry weight, tuber specific weight and tuber number per plant were measured. Analysis of variance showed significant differences between treatments in leaf area index, plant height, tuber number per plant and stem basal diameter. Growth and production of minituber were low in soil and soil containing medium. Therefore, the productivity of local soil was not corrected by any soil amendments. Soil containing medium had the highest bulk and particle density, EC and pH and the lowest porosity then produced the lowest number of tubers and fresh and dry weight of tubers. The highest number of tubers was produced in perlit + peat moss treatment. The maximum amounts of plant height were recorded in soil + perlite + compost treatments. The perlite + peat moss medium (1:1 v:v) is recommended for production of potato minitubers.

For investigating the effects of vermicompost and amino acids on flower yield of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), an experiment based on randomized complete blocks (RCB) factorial design was carried out in with three replications in the Alborz Medicinal Plant Research Station in Karaj in the Spring of 2010. The experiment treatment included 5 levels of vermicompost (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 ton/ha) and amino acid spraying at 3 levels (i.e. the budding stag, the flowering stage, and the budding plus flowering stage). The results indicated that the vermicompost and amino acid spraying had a significant effect on all of the traits under analysis. The highest plant height (41.8 cm), fresh flower yield (3335.7 kg/ha), and dried flower yield (653.8 kg/ha) were obtained by using 20 tons vermicompost per hectare. Similar results were obtained from the third level of amino acid spraying (i.e. the budding plus flowering stage). The interaction effects indicated that the simultaneous application of 15 ton/ha of vermicompost and two times spraying with amino acids (at budding plus flowering stage) resulted in the highest fresh and dried flower yield

Production of vermicompost from sewage sludge is one of the suitable methods for convert of this waste to organic fertilizer. In this study, effects of decomposition stage of sludge and bulking materials on growth of earthworms were investigated. Experimental design was split factorial in three replications. The main factor was the stage of sewage decomposition (raw sewage, digested sludge in digester, dewatered sludge in lagoons, and final dried sludge in lagoons), and kind of bulking materials (woodchips, tree leaves, and wheat straw) and mixing proportion of bulking materials to swage sludge (0, 15, 30, and 45 %, V/V) were as subordinate factors. After 5 months incubation of pots in controlled moisture and temperature conditions, numbers of worms, cocoons, wet body weight of worms, and concentration of nutrients and heavy metals in produced vermicompost were measured. Population of worms, their body weight and cocoon production were highest in the pots contain final dry sludge. The growth and reproduction of earthworms were greater when wood chips used as bulking material for vermicompost production. There was no significant difference between wheat straw and tree leaves in this respect. The suitable mixing proportion of bulking material and sewage sludge was 30 % (V/V). Therefore, mixing of wood chips with dry sewage with the proportion of 30 % (V/V) for vermicompost production and use of this technique to improve the stability of sewage sludge produced in sewage treatment plants are recommended.