جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « calcium » در نشریات گروه « بیوتکنولوژی و ژنتیک گیاهی »

Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) is an important dicotyledonous medicinal plants that used in many developed countries of the world. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of salinity stress on morphological, physiological, and biochemical traits of male and female plants of cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.). A factorial experiment was conducted using salinity stress treatments at four levels (0, 50, 75, 100 mM) and plant sex in two levels (male and female genotypes) based on a completely randomized design with three replications under greenhouse condition. The results showed that the salinity stress by plant sex interaction effects were significant for plant yield components, total phenol, antioxidant activity, total flavonoid, proline and carbohydrate (P<0.01). Increasing the salinity level significantly decreased plant height, number of leaves, plant fresh and dry weights in both sexes. But, the root weight, root length, and number of flowers increased in female plants up to 75 mM salinity. Also, increasing salinity level significantly increased secondary metabolites such as phenol, flavonoid, proline, and soluble carbohydrates in both males and female plants. However, by increasing salinity level, the amount of antioxidants increased in the females and decreased in the male plants than that for control, respectively. The sodium to potassium ratio (N/K) was considered as an index of salinity tolerance. The highest N/K ratios were observed at 75 and 100 mM salinity levels in shoot and root of the female plants, respectively. The results indicated that cannabis female plants can tolerate salinity up to 75 mM salinity level, and the female biomass was increased, but above the 75 mM level, the female plants were more sensitive than that for male plants in terms of salinity.

Lily is known as the third main bulbous flower in the world that used for cut flowers and pots. Bulblet as a staple procedure is known for propagation of this plant. Due to the high performance of in vitro bulblets regeneration, the use of this method can reduce the costs production of this plant and also reduction of water and soil pollution due to minimizing the field area for ex vitro propagation. The size of lily bulblets produced in vitro is smaller than ex vitro propagated bulblets. For this purpose, several concentrations of phosphorus, potassium and calcium were used to investigate their role on lily bulblet growth under in vitro condition.
 
In this experiment, ‘Santander’ cultivar was used for bulblet growth of lily. For this purpose, the effect of five strength (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3) of macro elements (phosphorus, potassium and calcium) based on MS medium on bulblet regeneration percentage, bulblet number, bulblet fresh weight, scale explant fresh weight, and fresh weight of leaf and root was surveyed.
 
The results of the experiment clearly showed the effect of all three elements on the growth of bulblet, so that the limitation of any of the elements (0 strength) caused serious disorders in all explants.  With increasing the concentration of the studied elements, the bulblet regeneration percentage increased significantly. The maximum in vitro bulblet regeneration percentage (95.3 %) was found in explants grown on medium supplemented with double-strength of phosphorous. All three macroelementsnotably phosphorus played a major role on lily bulblets growth. According to results, application of double-strength of phosphorus caused the highest number of bulblet compared to test with 11.6. A considerable decrement in the fresh weight of leaves (16 g) and roots (10 g) was observed in the absence of calcium in the culture medium.
 
In general, phosphorus and calcium play a vital role in the regeneration of lily bulblets in vitro, so that on the one hand, double-strength of phosphorus had the highest amount of bulblet regeneration and fresh weight of the bulblets and on the other hand, shortage of calcium had the lowest amount in all parameters. So it is recommended to increase the concentrations of above mentioned macroelementsfor obtaining bigger bulblets.

Considerable economic importance and wide range of applications of thermo-stable amylases in various industries has significantly increased the demand for amylase production with optimal stability properties. Natural bacterial flora of hot springs can be used as new sources for α- amylase production due to high tolerance to heat and stability in different pH ranges. In this study, Ghinarjeh hyperthermal hot spring was studied to identify the bacterial species that have amylase activity. Bacterial clones producing amylase were identified based on biochemical characteristics and molecular methods. In the next step, the growth conditions of isolated bacteria and amylase production were optimized. Finally, after extraction and purification of α- amylase enzyme from isolated clones, biochemical characteristics were evaluated. The results showed that isolated bacterial clone is a member of the genus Bacillus, and also indicated that the purified enzyme is a thermostable, and calcium-independent amylase enzyme. The purified amylase showed maximum activity at pH˷ 8, however the enzyme is active and stable in a broad range of acidic and alkaline pH (3.5- 10). The enzyme has maximum hydrolysis activity at 80°C and 80% of this activity remains at 50-70°C. According to this study, this bacterial strain can be suitable and promising source for production of high performance, thermostable amylase in order to use at industrial level.

Considering the importance of the herb borage and its growing use in traditional medicine and the pharmaceutical industry, the waste resulting from the indiscriminate exploitation of wild plants, the need to cultivate this plant is widely seen as commercially necessary. To overcome the negative effects of salinity, the use of calcium supplements to improve the growth environment is an essential requirement. In order to investigate this issue we preformed a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications. Factors included salinity levels (0, 3, 6, 9, 12ds / m-1) and calcium at two levels 0 and 5 mM, respectively. The seeds were grown in Gldanbh for hydroponics. One week after planting treatments were applied. One month after treatment the leaves were sampled. The results showed that with increasing salinity levels, the element sodium and the amount of biomass and the guidance and catalase activity decreased. The high salinity levels and the presence of high levels of calcium chloride total chlorophyll and Falyt peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase were increased but there was decreased proline. Results of Khasl 2D electrophoresis showed that the expression of some proteins in high levels of salinity and chloride increased calcium levels and also different proteins expressed this protein was likely to create resistance and important loss of salt.

The relative concentration of zinc, copper, and calcium in the seed of different parts of spike were evaluated in an attempt to select the best seeds in wheat spike (Triticum aestivum L. var. PBW-343). The spikelets in the main spike were divided into proximal, middle, and distal regions. The grains in each spikelet were divided into basal and apical parts. The concentrations of zinc, copper, and calcium were at the lowest level in the 14th day. Seeds in the basal part of the middle region spikelet were in a higher level in comparison to the grains of the other parts. The basal seeds in the distal spikelet had a higher concentration of calcium compared to the other parts.