جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "فرایند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی" در نشریات گروه "جنگلداری"

The road network is an important element for sustainable forest ecosystem management. On the other hand, efficiency and quality of road design can be improved by considering of environmental and technical principles. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the capability of Arasbaran protected area for road passing and communication routes in order to use in the area management. For this purpose, criteria of the slope, aspect, height, soil texture, lithology, erosion susceptibility, vegetation density, distance to stream, and distance to existing road as the effective criteria for road design were identified by literature review, and their prepared maps were standardized with the fuzzy logic method. Then, the criteria were weighted using of analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and finally were combined to prepare suitability map for road planning by weighted linear combination (WLC) method. According to results, the highest weight (0.289) and the lowest weight (0.033) were belonged to slope and height criterion, respectively. Finally, the area was classified into four classes with the capability of low, medium, high and very high for road network passing, that region with medium passing capability has the highest percent (49.83%). The study proved GIS and AHP capabilities considering to economic and environmental problems for developing the road capability map in order to use for road locating in Arasbaran area.

The decline of forest trees has always been one of the main problems of various ecosystems. Today’s, this phenomenon is occurring in the natural resources and forests of Zagros, and has a wider dimension every day. Various biotic and abiotic factors have been identified and introduced in different countries as the main factor or factors affecting the weakness, dryness and death of oak trees. But in Iran, the factor or main factors of the trees decline in the Zagros forest have not yet been determined accurately. The incidence and severity of this phenomenon in recent years due to the importance of forests in the province of Ilam from the viewpoint of in environmental issues and their becoming generous to oak decline, have been investigated. For this purpose, in the present study, in the multi-criteria decision-making space and the use of the AHP hierarchical process, six main criteria and a total of 28 sub-criteria were evaluated. The weight of each criteria and sub-criteria was computed by distributing 30 special questionnaires of forest specialist and obtaining opinions from experts group and using Expert Choice software version 11. The results showed that the highest weight was for drought and climate change (0.289), and the lowest weight for the quantitative and qualitative criteria of the tree and its forestry characteristics (0.097). Other criteria In order of importance were; pests and diseases (0.194), human and animal factors (0.192), air pollution (0.123) and site quality of habitat (0.105).

The aim of the study was to provide an intelligent artificial neural networks-based method for modeling the capability of Arasbaran protected area for road crossing, in order to design, modify, and appropriate development of existing road network and communication routs in the region. First, using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) method, and utilization the effective informative layers on routing, the suitability map of road construction was prepared to provide training samples in ArcGIS. In the following, Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) network was used to estimate the suitability value of road crossing. In order to evaluate the neural network’s model performance, the results were compared with the results of multivariate linear regression. According to the results, artificial neural network and statistical method of regression were shown to be useful in determining the suitability value of road crossing with coefficient of determination (R2) 0.908 and 0.901, root mean squared error (RMSE) 0.0385 and 0.04, respectively. Neural network results were relatively better than regression. Also, according to the results of sensitivity analysis of input variables, four criteria of slope, bedrock, erosion susceptibility, and soil texture showed the highest influence in estimating the model, respectively.

Development of non-oil exports is one of the pillars of strengthening the country's economic growth. Today furniture industry has a significant share in global trade, so the sustainable development and growth of this industry can have a significant impact on employment, GDP growth and non-oil revenues. Because of the economic, social, and environmental importance of the wooden furniture industry, the need to move toward sustainable development in the industry is felt. The aim of this study was to identifying and assessing the weight of effective criteria on the sustainable development of Iran wood furniture industry and suggesting appropriate solutions using a non-parametric approach of the analytic hierarchy process.
In this regard, first by comparative studies as well as interviewing relevant experts, the effective criteria were identified. After plotting the hierarchical levels on the decision tree (including goals, criteria, sub-criteria and alternatives), the data needed to determine the weighting value and prioritize each of them were prepared in the form of designing standard questionnaires based on paired comparisons and using the opinions of the industry & university experts of and the relevant institutions and finally, its computational steps were carried out with ExpertChoice software.
Base on the obtained results, economical and environmental criteria have the highest weighting values at first level as 0.358 and 0.212 weighting values, respectively. At the other hand, an improvement on economical stability (0.168), development of industrial clusters (0.149), reduction and control of volatile organic components (0.121), continuous relationship between university and furniture industry (0.093), Furniture recovery (0.074) and development of outsourcing strategy (0.060), have the highest priorities at the secondary level. Finally, the "Modeling of sustainable development models in developed Countries," with a weight of 0.340 as the best alternative, was selected to achieve sustainable development in the Iranian furniture industry.
results of this research can be used as a road map for movement to the sustainable development, and appropriate solutions to improve the performance of producers and to introduce structural reforms in various sectors of the Iran's furniture industry with the aim of achieving international markets and sustainable development will be addressed to authorities, practitioners and policy makers.

This study aimed to extract effective spatial criteria in construction of forest fire fighting stations. In this study for extraction and prioritization of effective criteria, Delphi and AHP methods were used. To determine effective criteria, the opinions of experts and specialists in a Delphi approach were asked to clarify the influencing factors to allocation of land to forest fire fighting stations. In the first stage after sending and collecting questionnaires, mentioned criteria by experts were examined and using expert perspective the criteria that have less importance was omitted. Finally the following criteria were selected: Proximity to residential areas, Proximity to river, Proximity to post fires, Proximity to road, and Proximity to forest edge. Then with using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), weight or relative importance of each selected factors were obtained. Based on results the highest important factor was the proximity to road with 0.25 weight among other factors. Then Proximity to river (0.23), Proximity to post fires (0.22), Proximity to forest edge (0.19) and Proximity to residential areas, were next in rank, respectively. Also pairwise comparisons of sub-criteria for each factor showed that areas close to roads, river and areas with a history of prior fires in forest regions and also areas close to residential areas have highest importance in allocating land to the forest fire fighting station.

Undoubtedly, Khorram-Abad Country has been considered as one of the most beautiful, scenic and pleasant weather areas of Iran because of many natural, cultural, historical, etc attractions. Despite the great potential for ecotourism development in this country, it has not been implemented a good plan for ecotourism development in this area. This study intends to identify the effective criteria and sub-criteria in ecotourism evaluation with respect to the area conditions and suggest the suitable areas for ecotourism development. For this regard Geographic Information System (GIS) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) have been used. At the first step, effective criteria and sub-criteria in the evaluation process determined and the weight of each criterion and sub-criterion determined using the Delphi technique and expert's knowledge. Then, the required maps were prepared. After that, with the integration of maps and their corresponding weights the capability map for ecotourism was prepared. The results showed that 7.80, 60.75, 46.37 and 5.50 percent of the study area has excellent, good, moderate and poor potential respectively and 2.35 percent of the area is not suitable for ecotourism at all.

This research aimed at mapping the risk of wildfire based on a number of influential factors including Elevation، slope، aspect، average annual precipitation، average maximum monthly temperature، land use/land cover، distance from road، distance from river، distance from agricultural lands and population density. The study was conducted in a study site encompassing 273. 3 km2 near Sardasht in northwest Iran. The burned areas were initially mapped by field visits. Then، using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method، influence of each factor on occurrence of fire was compared pairwise and weights were assigned to them. The frequency ratio method was used to derive a weight for individual classes of each factor. This was followed by mapping fire risk zones based on weighted combination of digital maps of the influential factors. The zonation map was later divided in five risk classes (ranging from very high to very low) by Jenks method. Validation of the risk map indicated the 98. 44 percent of the observed fires to be located in the mapped high risk zones. This represents the high accuracy of the applied technique for wildfire risk mapping across the study site.

Recreation planning is not only as a tools for enhancing of socio-economy levels of the people but because of its conservational functions can provide a dynamic conditions for conservation of natural resources. With respect to this point that the first step in recreation planning like planning for any activity is the evaluation of land potential for that activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of ecotourism of Babolrood watershed in Mazandaran province by using of analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and geographical information system (GIS). For this regard، firstly the most important effective criteria and sub-criteria in evaluating of the potential for recreation in the study area were determined by using prior researches، conditions of study area and expert knowledge. After that، some questionnaires were provided and between different experts were distributed. The weight of criteria in each questionnaire was calculated and then the averaged weights were estimated. With applying of AHP method and Expert Choice software the final weight for each criteria and sub-criteria was determined. After that، the needed maps for this evaluation were provided in GIS environment. At the end، with help of Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) technique the final potential map for the ecotourism development of region was provided. The results showed that 19/33 percent of study area has a high potential and 52/81 percent has a good potential for ecotourism. In addition، 23/19 percent has an average potential، 1/84 percent has a weak potential and 2/82 percent is not suitable for recreation land use.

Flotting paper is applied for carton as intermediate product. The amount of carton consumption is a function of many different goods production. since the goods is needed to packaging، the amount of carton consuming is increasing generally. the huge potential of consumption of this product and the lack of applied studies increase the importance of determination of effective criteria for selection of optimum location for the factory. So، 31 indexes has been determined through of library references، interview with experts and industry owners. The importance level of these criteria and sub-branches are determined with AHP and Group Decision Making. Its concluded that supply of raw materials and products and economical criteria have the highest weight value. So the branch criteria such as cost of residuals supply، sources and the supply amount of residuals have the highest preferences for selection of suitable site for flotting paper factory of agriculture residuals with weight value as 0. 094، 0. 085، 0. 069، 0. 066.

The main purpose of the current study was to design less costly forest roads using cost zoning map. For this purpose, the most important effective factors on cost of forest road construction were weighted using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Five factors, terrain slope, hydrology, geology formations, soil texture and road slope, were weighted using the AHP. The cost zoning map was developed after weighting the supposed factors and overlay their corresponding map in ESRI Arc GIS 9.3 environment. In Next step, two variants of forest road were planned to connect the start point to the end point, using a 1) Shortest Path (SP) algorithm and 2) a skill expert. The results showed that the length and the cost of the variant planned by SP algorithm were 55% and 65% lower than the path planned by the expert before designing in the field, respectively. The results of the study after designing both planned variants in the field, demonstrated that the length and the cost of the SP-based feasible path were 19% and 21% lower than the expert-based variants, respectively. This means the SP saved 916000000 Rials. The results showed that using the zoning map cost in combination with a shortest path algorithm can lead to a more favorite layout of the forest roads than traditional methods of planning.

Suitable site-selection of industrial units creates proper conditions for optimum use of material and reduction of waste, and on the other hand, leads to more sell and hence high profit. The objective of this study is to determine the effective criteria in decision making of selecting the most suitable location for establishing a furniture unit. For this purpose, after preliminary investigation and interviews, 25 effective criteria were identified. The hierarchy of these criteria was designed and then the priority rates (weighting value) of obtained criteria and sub-criteria were determined using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results showed that among 25 identified effective criteria, the five criteria as market capacity, purchasing cost of raw material, man force availability, granted facilities and man force cost have the highest priorities, respectively.

In this research, Forest management Unit (FMU) of Forest and Rangeland Organization (FRO) is compared with FMU of local residents. For this purpose, stakeholder analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) were applied. For evaluating the probable effect of uncertainty in decision making, dynamic sensitive analysis was used. The result of AHP showed that the small FMU is preferable. By increasing the element importances which increase the weight differences of alternatives, the result of decision making is the same as the first alternative. So the result of this research is meaningful.