جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « پروونانس » در نشریات گروه « جنگلداری »

In order to investigate the effect of inoculation of Cerasus mahaleb provenances in Fereydunshahr city of Isfahan with the most important rhizosphere bacteria stimulating plant growth on morphological indices of Cerasus mahaleb, a factorial experiment was planned in a completely randomized block design with three replications in a greenhouse. Inoculation of seedling with five levels including non-bacterial inoculation (as a control), inoculation with bacteria (Bacillus sp.), (Azotobacter sp.), (Pseudomonas fluorescens) and combination treatment of three growth-promoting bacteria (MIX) and calculation of characteristics morphological analysis of Cerasus mahaleb was performed. In the study of morphological traits of seedlings, combined treatment (MIX) of bacteria showed the best performance in stem length (27.66 cm), root length (70.61 cm), basal diameter (9.07 mm), shoot (21.62 g) and root (28.45 g) dry weight, and number of leaves (22). Only in leaf area (23.82 cm), bacterial treatment (Pseudomonas fluorescens) had better performance than MIX. The results showed that the weakest performance among bacterial growth stimulant treatments was related to bacteria (Bacillus sp.). Among the 10 study areas, Chal Khalil 1 and 2 forest reserve areas as well as Poshtkuh Durak 2 showed the best morphological traits compared with other areas in bacterial inoculation. In fact, inoculation of seedlings with growth-promoting bacteria can be a good way to produce healthy and strong seedlings as well as better establishment and increase the success of seedlings in disturbed and degraded habitats of this important species of Zagros forests.

Due to the wide geographical distribution and tolerance range too many environmental variables, the fast growing species of Euphratespoplar (Populus euphratica Oliv) has a great ecological significance. In order to identify the best provenance of Euphratespoplar regarding to establishment characteristics in the region, this study was conducted in Fozveh research station in Isfahan Province on Nineteen Euphrates poplar provenance and acell-cultured clone from all over country. Thirty cuttings from each provenance were planted under a RCBD in February 2010. Growth characteristics including collar diameter ( CD), height (H), survival percentage (SP) of cutting, special leaf area, and dry matter percentage of leaves were studied. In addition, a number of leaf morphological traits including leaf length (LL), maximum width (MLW), LL to MLW ratio, petiole length (PL), PL to LL ratio, thickness and leaf area were also recorded during one year after planting. ANOVA results showed that all investigated traits significantly differed in all parameters. Moreover, provenances of Hamidieh and Ramhormoz showed the highest rates of CD and Tafresh and Hamidieh H growh. Mahneshan provenance was the most unfavorable genotype for establishment in the Isfahan province due to its low SP as well as its leaf incompatible morphology. Consequently, PCA results revaled significant differences of that provenances Ghalakhlar, Sarakhs, Zabol, Kerman, Mahneshan, Sanandaj, Khojir and Manjil to other genotypes.

Knowledge about geographic variation within the native range of forest tree species is the logical first step in genetic studies. Wild almond (Amygdalus scoparia Spach.) is a multi-purpose species with a widespread geographic distribution in most of the vegetation regions of Iran. In order to study the geographic variation of wild almond, nineteen biometric features of seed, leaf and seedling from seven natural population of this species in Fras province were measured. Significant differences were observed among the populations for all of the studied characteristics. Hundred seed weight, leaf area and number of stems showed maximum variation among the studied traits. Seed traits presented a significant positive correlation in terms of mean annual rainfall. Correlation analyses between biometric traits and geoclimatic factors indicated the existence of clinal variation in some seed, leaf and seedling traits. Seedling leaf morphometric (dimension) traits decreased gradually from north to south populations; while seedling height declines from east to west populations. That means the geographic variation of the plant at the seedling stages reveals a two- way variation with the latitude and longitude. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis of data revealed four distinct groups of populations, and separated populations of high rainfall area form that of lower rainfall area. Results also revealed that A. scoparia uses adaptive strategies in response to water deficit.

Genetic variation within population as a result of geographical variation is one of the important factors in forest tree improvement. Therefore, investigation of genetic variation rate and its physiological adaptability is necessary for each species used in forest plantation. Quercus castaneifolia is one of the valuable forest species in Northern Iran that are exposed to danger because of inclement utilization severely and for knowing this, provenance test is a ensure practice. For this study, seeds of Quercus castaneifolia from nine regions in the west of Guilan province were used and planted as randomized complete block design in natural resources department of province Guilan. Growth characteristics (height and diameter at breast), survival and leaf morphological features of provenances were measured. Result of ANOVA showed that there were no significant differences between provenances in mentioned parameter (p > 0.01). So, there are no restrictions for selecting the seed collection areas in elevation ranging from 100 to 600 m a.s.l for planation in lowlands in Guilan province provided that selection of suitable and high quality individuals for seedling production and afforestation.

Native fast growing species of Euphrates poplar (Populus euphratica) is broadly distributed in Iran and is considered important due to its tolerance to saline soils and warm and dry climate conditions. In this study, twenty Euphrates poplar provenances and a cell-cultured clone from all over country were studied in Kushkak research station in Khuzestan province, one of the main Euphrates poplar habitats in Iran. Thirty cuttings from each provenance were planted under a RCBD in February 2010. Growth characteristics including collar diameter (CD), height (H), Germination percentage (GP) of cuttings, special leaf area, and dry matter percentage of leaves were studied. In addition, a number of leaf morphological traits including leaf length (LL), maximum width (MLW), LL to MLW ratio, petiole length (PL), PL to LL ratio, thickness and leaf area, branch-to-stem angle (BSA) and number of branches > 0.5 m (NB) were also recorded during one year after planting. ANOVA results showed that all investigated traits significantly differed in all parameters except NB and BSA. Moreover, provenances of Ramhormoz and Isfahan showed the highest rates of CD and H growth. Mahneshan provenance was the most unfavorable genotype for establishment in north of the Khuzestan province due to its low GP as well as its incompatible morphology with warm climate of the region. Consequently, PCA results revealed significant differences of that provenances of Mahneshan, Jolfa, Zabol and Kerman to other genotypes.

Populus euphratica Oliv. is a native species in arid and semi arid zone of Iran distributing naturally in vast areas. The geographical and climatic differences led to morphological and genetic differences in this widely distributed species. Morphological characteristics of seeds might play an important role in genetic variation of Populus euphratica Oliv. In this study tree seeds of seven habitats of Populus euphratica were compared. For this reason, sampling was taken from seeds originated from different provenances for eight years in the experimental field of Alborz research center in the same environmental conditions. Five morphological Seed traits such as seed length, seed width, number of seed in any capsule, 1000 seed weight and the ratios of seed length to seed width, as well as germination percentage were measured. Results showed that there is significant difference between the provenances. Among seed traits, length and width of seeds were the most important factors in intraspecific differentiation of Populus euphratica Oliv.

Populus euphratica cuttings were collected from 16 natural populations in 11 provenances of Iran. These populations cover most of the geographic distribution of this species in Iran. 30 cuttings (3 cuttings from every mother tree), from each population location were planted in an experimental field in Karadj Research Station. Survival percentage, tree height, diameter (at 0.5 m up ground), biomass (leaf, stem and root dry weight) and main root length parameters were measured at the end of each growing season. Results of analysis of variance showed significant differences among provenances of P. euphratica for growth parameters of diameter, height, leaf number, root dry weight, main root length (P>0.01) and leaf dry weight and stem dry weight (P<0.05). Survival varied from 20% (Gherekhlar) to 92% (Kerman and Tafresh) among P. euphratica provenances at the end of growing season. Also the Duncan multiple range test showed different classifications for growth parameters among P. euphratica provenances. Four provenances of Ramhormoz, Gotvand, Tafresh and Hamidiyeh had an average diameter (2.62, 2.37, 2.26, 1.92 cm), height (2.51, 2.76, 2.43, 2.32 m) and biomass (87.8, 107.8, 114.8, 95 gr) after two years.