جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « greenhouse gases » در نشریات گروه « مکانیزاسیون کشاورزی »

The aviculture industry is very important in terms of the protein requirements of the country. In this research, the energy efficiency and Greenhouse gas emissions of broiler chickens breeding centers in Kermanshah province was investigated. The total average input energy was 269242.84MJ, and the average total output energy was 30513.67 MJ Fuel (natural gas and gasoline) and feed with 46.82% and 28.36%, had the highest rate of energy consumption. The studied energy indexes were included in the energy ratio, energy efficiency, energy intensity, net energy added and respectively with 0.11, 0.01 kg /MJ, 48.16 MJ/kg, -1260369 MJ. To increase the energy efficiency index and the positive net energy value added, it is possible to reduce the amount of energy consumed by the correct management of high inputs and the use of renewable energies. Based on the obtained results using the Cobb-Douglas function, the coefficients of the inputs indicated that the stretch of the inputs include chicken, gas, manpower, corn, soybeans, minerals, fatty acid, calcium phosphate, water, and the disinfection was positive and smaller than one and their MP value was less than AP, so the use of these inputs by economic operators of poultry units of the region was economic and in the second area of production function were placed. The total emissions of greenhouse gases were equal to 2562.49 kg CO2eq, which the highest contribution was for fed with 37.12% and fuel and electricity 34.22 and 28.32 (kg CO2eq), respectively. The aviculture industry is very important in terms of the protein requirements of the country. In this research, the energy efficiency and Greenhouse gas emissions of broiler chickens breeding centers in Kermanshah province was investigated. The total average input energy was 269242.84MJ, and the average The aviculture industry is very important in terms of the protein requirements of the country. In this research, the energy efficiency and Greenhouse gas emissions of broiler chickens breeding centers in

Now day, global warming is too considerable due to consumption of fossil fuels. Use of fossil fuels in power plants for electricity generates has the largest portion of greenhouse gas and emissions in the world. Agricultural section has the outstanding contribution in electricity industry; furthermore the processing and drying of agricultural products have the highest consumption energy. In the current research, the parameters of energy, the environment (global warming) and social costs of drying of apples slices at three temperatures 45, 55 and 65° C and the air velocity 0.5 m/s for different pretreatment of osmotic, ultrasound, blanching and microwave (each pretreatment at three levels) were evaluated. Result shown that the amount of time, energy consumption, specific energy and heat consumption decreased with increasing temperature and using different pretreatments as compared to control treatment. Also, energy, drying and thermal efficiency, increased with increasing air temperature. The highest amounts of energy and drying efficiency were obtained %5.04 and %5.62, respectively for microwave pretreatment involving 360 W power and 2.5 min at 65° C temperature. Normal treatment with 45°C temperature gave the lowest value of efficiency energy (%2.27) and drying (%2.38). Results revealed that the highest and lowest greenhouse gas for the withdrawal one kilogram of water from apple slices was produced 21.19 and 9.37 kgCO2, 10.05×10-4 and 4.45×10-4 kgCH4, 2.01×10-4 and 0.89×10-4 kgNO2 respectively. Also, the highest and lowest social costs for  leaving one kg of water from apple slices was obtained 34927.60 and 15449.04 Rials for steam power plant, 35263.45 and 15597.59 Rials for power plant and 30561.66 and 13517.91 Rials for combined cycle power plant, respectively.

It is essential to have integrated information on the energy exchange of forage crops in order to allow comparisons of their energy consumption patterns. Thus the aims of this study are examination of the energy consumption pattern, estimation of the amount of produced CO2eq. and modeling between the yield and energy inputs in three forage crops. These forage crops that are fed to dairy cows were wheat straw, maize silage and alfalfa. The total amount of energy inputs in fields of wheat (and its straw), silage corn and alfalfa were calculated as: 32077.85, 93049.87 and 30208.04 MJ ha-1 respectively. The amount of produced CO2eq. in these three crops were estimated to be 2704.67, 5861.79 and 5538 respectively. The value of energy ratio in two crops of wheat and alfalfa were computed as 2.69 and 2.18 while in the silage crop due to higher amount of output energy rather than input energy was calculated less than one. Also, the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system was used for modeling the relation of the yield of these forage crops and the amount of energy inputs. For estimation of the model for wheat straw, the model with three 'gaussmf' memberships function for each input variables was the best among the other models. Also, the best model for maize silage and alfalfa were 'pimf' for tow memberships function and 'trapmf' for three memberships function, respectively.