جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « its components » در نشریات گروه « مکانیزاسیون کشاورزی »

Fruit leathers are nutritious products that are made by dehydrating a thin layer of fruit puree or juice under specific conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various plant components (pistachio, walnut, sesame, hemp and moringa leaves) on the physicochemical, sensory and antioxidant properties of plum leather. The amounts of 5% of these components were added to the plum leather formulation and the pH, total acidity, vitamin C content, color indices, mechanical property (rupture force), phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and sensorial properties of these treatments were compared with control. The results showed that the lowest pH (3.0) and the highest acidity (4.2% w/w) and vitamin C content (210 mg/100 g) were related to the control. Addition of different plant components increased the pH and decreased total acidity. Adding these components to plum leather increased the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of samples and the highest amount of phenolic compounds (1024 mg/100 g) and anti radical activity (52%) were observed in treatments with sesame powder. The highest amount of rupture force was related to the control (25.4 N). Other treatments did not show a significant difference in terms of rupture force (P> 0.05). In terms of sensorial characteristics, the highest overall acceptance was obtained by control and the samples containing pistachio and moringa leaves. Addition of these components decreased the brightness (L *) and yellowing (b *) indices and increased a * index compared to the control. In general, the results of this study showed that the addition of plant components, in addition to creating new leather formulations, increases their antioxidant properties and nutritional values.

Various biomass sources such as crop residues have been proposed as feedstock for biochar production . Meanwhile, a large quantity of crop residues (rice) is produced as waste and they are either burnt or piled and abandoned at some locations in the fields. Burning of crop residues is resulting in substantial loss of nutrients, and may lead to air pollution and human health problems . An alternative approach is to apply crop residues to soil in the form of biochar. Bioavailability of nutrients exclusively micronutrients (Fe, Zn) is a serious problem in soils having high pH which ends in crops yield to decline and ultimately can lead to malnutrition in humans. The biochar modification with acid may increase the solubility of nutrients (P, , Fe, Zn, Cu,,Mn) present in biochar, thereby significant improvement in mineral nutrition of plants grown in calcareous soils. In the other hand, One of the ways to use and exploit saline lands is to use salinity-tolerant cultivars, such as the Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) plant. It is known that biochar increases soil pH, which may result in less availability of phosphorus and other micronutrients, such as Fe, Zn, and Mn, in alkaline and calcareous soils. Therefore, modifying biochar with acids can increase the availability of nutrients in biochar for different plants grown in calcareous soils. The objection of this study is to investigate the effect of normal biochar and acid-modified biochar from rice residues on the yield and yield components of quinoa plants (Gizavan number) in a calcareous soil affected by salt.

The soil used in the study was collected from 0-30 cm depth which passed through via 2-mm sieve after air-drying and its chemical and physical properties were determined. To achieve the aim of this study, the factorial experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design in 4 replications. Factors include 3 types of rice biochar (unmodified, modified by pre-acidic method and modified by post-acidic method) and different levels of biochar (0, 2, and 5% by weight). Then 10 quinoa seeds were planted in each pot at 2 cm depth which after the plant emerging and greening declined to 3 plants in each pot. The pots were randomly moved twice a week during growth to eliminate environmental effects. Irrigation and weeding operations were done by hand. After the end of the growth period (187 days), the plants were harvested. So vegetative growth parameters and yield components including shoots fresh and dry weight, plant height, stem diameter, panicle length, number of leaves, number of lateral branches, and 1000 grain weight were measured and then biological yield and harvest index were determined. The statistical results of the data were analyzed using SAS software (9.4) and the LSD test (at 5% level) was used for comparing the mean values.

As a result of adding biochar to soil, it becomes alkaline. Chemical modification of biochar using strong acids can reduce soil pH and improve the fertility of calcareous soils and increase vegetative parameters and yield components of quinoa. Based on the obtained results, the interaction effect of different types and levels of biochar on all investigated traits was significant at the level of 1%. The results showed that the highest height, fresh and dry weight, panicle length, number of lateral branches, and stem diameter were related to the 5% post-acidic rice biochar treatment and the lowest value was related to the control treatment. furthermore, the results showed that the highest amount of plant dry weight of 8.82 gr/pot, the height of 77.50 cm, and 1000 seed weight of 17.3 gr/pot was obtained from the treatment of 5% post-acidic rice biochar, compared to the treatment of 5% Unacidified rice biochar had an increase of (81.97), (56.77), (32.17) and (7.06) percent respectively. As a result of the high dry weight of shoots and the 1000 seed weight, the 5% post-acidic rice biochar treatment provided the highest biological yield at 16.05 and harvest index at 45.03.

Under the conditions of this study, acid-modified biochars (post-acidic and pre-acidic) enhanced vegetative growth characteristics and yield components of quinoa plants in calcareous soils affected by salt. Therefore, it is recommended to prepare biochar from acidic sources or to modify it with post-acidic and pre- acidic methods.

The purpose of this study was analyzing effects of curriculum components on entrepreneurial spirit of students. Statistic Population of this research was consisted of students of Agricultural Jihad ministry in Alborz province (N= 2004); that 178 persons were selected as sample by use stratified random sampling proportional allocation in tow Higher Education Centers (Imam Khomeini and Javanshir). Data were analyzed by using SPSS software. The Results of descriptive statistics showed that the entrepreneurial spirit of students was lower than expected, and they entrepreneurial spirit was low. The results of correlation analysis showed that between all components of the curriculum with student’s entrepreneurial spirit, with confidence %99 have a positive and significant relationship. The results of analysis of regression indicated that 69/3% of dependent variable changes were explained by four independent variables such as educational content, student, teacher and evaluation.

According to the importance of energy and the impact of this input on the final price of a product, selection of materials and components of poultry saloons is very important.  Poultry saloons are divided into two types: open saloons and closed saloons. In closed saloons, the choice of materials and components of the saloon (door, window, etc.) are more sensitive than the open type. Due to the climatic conditions of Khuzestan province, all of the used saloons in this province are almost closed. Poultry farms in Khuzestan province have a lot of cooling load in the warm seasons. If the materials and components of the saloons are not chosen properly, energy losses increase, and as a result, the price of meat increases. Therefore, investigating of heating and cooling loads of saloons and use of suitable components to prevent energy losses is necessary. Energy modeling of saloons and buildings is done by various software (Plast Energy, Design Builder, Trnsys, etc.). One of the most efficient and precise of this software is Carrier.

This study was conducted to calculate heating and cooling loads in different climates of Khuzestan province. In this research, the cities of Izeh, Shoosh, Abadan and Andimeshk were selected as corresponding to different climates in the province.Required data  for software was collected in three categories: (a) Weather data (geographic information, location of the saloon, local time zone and local soil specifications), (b) Data  about the physical properties of the building (general specifications of the space, internal sources of heat production (personslabors, poultry, equipment), (c) Specifications of walls, floor, windows and doors, ceiling and lighters, (d) Infiltration of air, (e) Systems, and (f) Information on power and fuel consumption.In this research, a rectangular saloon with dimensions of 85×16 meter was considered for all three types of conventional saloons in the province (block, brick and panel), which are the common dimensions and the capacity of these saloons is 20,000 broiler chickens. In this study, Carrier software was used to calculate heating and cooling loads. The results of software were verified by the amount of fuel and power consumption.

The sand and soil floors had the highest cooling load by 48828 and 53012 kJ h-1, respectively, while concrete and mosaic floors had lower cooling load than them. The heating load of these two floors (3906 kJ h-1) was less than that in the sand and soil floors. Concrete floor had better conditions to choose because of the less cost than the mosaic floor.Comparison of heating and cooling loads in different types of walls made of various materials showed that the block wall had the highest heating load of 429356 kJ h-1 and the highest cooling load by 658356 kJ h-1, while the sandwich panel wall had the lowest heating load by 116873 kJ h-1 and the lowest cooling load by 123618 kJ h-1.Three types of doors are commonly used in poultry houses: iron, fiberglass and aluminum. The results showed that the iron and fiberglass doors had the highest and lowest heating and cooling loads, respectively. The investigation of the effect of different types of windows on heating and cooling loads showed that iron and plastic windows had the highest and lowest heating and cooling loads, respectively. The results showed that Irannait ceiling had the highest heating and cooling loads by 371416 kJ h-1 and 787535 kJ h-1, respectively, while the ceiling made of sandwich panel had the lowest heating and cooling loads by 72756 kJ h-1 and 72429 kJ h-1, respectively, because of low heat transfer coefficient.Comparison of heating load of the saloons showed that the block saloon had the highest heating load by 891525 kJ h-1 and the suggested saloon in this study had the lowest heating load by 309068 kJ h-1. The block and suggested saloons also had the highest and lowest cooling loads by 1604828 kJ h-1 and 330795 kJ h-1, respectively.

The amount of heating and cooling loads for suggested saloon were 29.6% and 18.24% lower than that of brick and block saloons, respectively. The difference in the cost of constructing suggested and brick (the most common saloon in the province) saloons was 28.9 million tomans. By considering the difference in the cost of energy consumption of them (11.726 million tomans), this amount will be compensated after 2 years and 5 months and then will be returned on investment.

Process control and monitoring in operation of biogas production require various parameters to be measured. Therefore, the methods that express the effect of combination of parameters via robust and inexpensive equipment for fast and accurate measurement have high value.  In this research, the relationship between the indicator of daily production of biogas and the signals of the gas sensor array in an electronic nose system designated for biogas has been investigated to analyze and predict the condition of biogas digester in laboratory scale. To produce biogas, 1 liter batch digesters were fed by different combinations of two substrates at mesophilic condition. The Sensor array signals of each digester were divided into two groups of 1 and 2 by the clustering analysis (CA) method, which correspond to the balanced and imbalanced groups, respectively.  By analyzing score plot and also correlation loading in the PCA, MQ-4 and MQ-136 sensors were determined as main indicators for detecting the two groups and rest of sensors also contribute to interpret conditions of digesters. At final, to predict the conditions, a pattern recognition was defined by sensor array signals of all digesters in linear discriminant analysis (LDA) that the classification accuracy and resubstitution error were 100%   and 0.0476 respectively, also the accuracy of the prediction pattern was 81.25%.

Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy (ES) is one of the essential elements for individual engagement in real entrepreneurial activities. Therefore, so many of universities across the world attempted to increase the level of students’ ES. Meanwhile, scholars identified that educational component can affected relationships between entrepreneurial educations activities and students’ ES. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to analyzing the effect of educational components on students’ ES. The population of study was agriculture and Natural Resources University students in Razi University at Kermanshah. From that, 126 persons were selected as sample by using stratified random sampling (based on gender). A researcher-made questionnaire was the main tool for collecting research data which experts confirmed its validity, and its reliability confirmed by calculating the ordinal theta (θ = 0.74 – 0.88). Data were analyzed using SPSSWin20 and R software. Finding of compare analysis showed that there are no significant differences between students’ ES. Moreover, a positive and significant relationship between educational components and students’ ES was observed. Finally, results of ordinal regression indicated that the educational components are good predictor for develop of students’ ES and in total explained about 27.10% of variances of students’ ES.

In order to study of the grain yield and its components in spring wheat genotypes affected by resources limitation under optimum condition, an experiment was conducted using split plot experiment in RCBD design with three replications in Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Khouzestan-Iran in 2010-2011 cropping season. In this study, main plot were consists of six wheat spring genotypes and flag leaf removal, flag leaf removal + spike cover, spike covering and control were considered as sub plot. Results of analysis variance showed that difference of treatments and genotypes was significant for grain yield and number of spike/m2 at 1% level, Also interaction effect was significant for grain yield, harvest index, biomass, 1000- grain weight, number of grain/spike and number of spike/m2 at 1% level. Control treatment with 4113 (kg/ha-1) and also No. 4 genotype with 3970 (kg/ha-1) had the highest of grain yield. Result showed that with application of cultural management, cultivation of this genotype will be very successful in the region.

The rice plant need the silicon element more than other nutrition elements, but its importance has not been clearly known. In order to study of silicon effect on the growth and yield of rice (Tarom Hashemi variety), an experiment was carried out in pot and field conditions with three replicates in the greenhouse and in the field of Rice Research Institute of Iran (Amol) in 2009 and 2010. Three levels of N fertilizer (69, 92 and 115 kg/ha) with three levels of silicon fertilizer (0, 250 and 500 kg/ha) were considered as a factorial design. The agronomic characters such as plant height, tiller number, leaf area, leaf and stem dry weight were measured at three stages. The yield and yield component were obtained at physiological maturity stage. The results showed that with increasing of silicon fertilizer in pot, silicon concentration in the leaf was increased (P<0.05). The silicon effect in pot experiment was more than in the field. With using of silicon fertilizer, total dry weight and yield were increased that there were significant at 5% level of probability. Dry weight was improved with increasing of leaf area, plant height and tiller number per hills. Increasing of yield was due to improving of number of filled grain and panicle dry weight. Application of 250-500 kg/ha silicon fertilizer was increased about 5% of yield in the field and 24% in pot experiment.