جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "آترازین" در نشریات گروه "زراعت"

Most cultivated cereals are deficient in micronutrients. Deficiency of these elements in soil not only reduces plant yield but also by reducing the concentration of these elements in foods such as wheat grains reduces their absorption by humans and livestock, which causes various diseases and thus low The level of public health (Cakmak et al, 2012; Shi et al., 2010) is such that the low concentration of minerals such as sulfur, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc and copper in the country's food from The effect on the health and supply of micronutrients required by the body is problematic.

In order to investigate the morphological and biochemical response of rain fed wheat cultivars to anti-transpirant and nitrogen biofertilizers, an experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with split-factorial plot arrangement with four replications in the cold temperate zone (Kamalvand Khorramabad) in cropping years 2016-2017 and 2017-2018. Factor of rain fed wheat cultivar (Azar2, Ohadi and Baran) was in the main plot and anti-transpirant (no application and application of atrazine) and nitrogen biofertilizer (no application, application of Azospirillium, application of Azotobacter) as factorial were in sub-plots. Before culture, Azospirillum and Azotobacter fertilizers were applied as seeds in the relevant treatments. For this purpose, first the seeds were soaked, and for more adhesion, some sugar was mixed with the seeds, and then Azospirillum and Azotobacter were used in the amount of one liter per 100 kg of seeds. Atrazine antiperspirant with a concentration of 400 ppm was used in two stages, one in the stage of stalking in late March and the other in the time before pollination using a 20 liter sprayer and in a guided manner. Peduncle length, number of grain per m2, harvest index, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids in the shoot and macro and micro nutrients, carbohydrates and protein in the grain were measured.

In the first year, Ohadi cultivar with atrazine and Aztobacter application had the highest grain yield (2420 kg ha-1) and Azar 2 cultivar without antiperspirant and with Aztobacter application had the lowest grain yield (2000 kg ha-1) and in the second year Baran cultivar with atrazine and Without biofertilizer application, the highest grain yield (2765 kg ha-1) and Azar 2 cultivar without atrazine and with Azospirillium application had the lowest grain yield with an average of (2083 kg ha-1).
Baran cultivar with atrazine had the highest total chlorophyll content with an average of 7.8 mg g-1 fresh weight and Azar2 cultivar without antiperspirant application had the lowest total chlorophyll content with an average of 5.5 mg g-1 fresh weight (Table 5). Also, the use of atrazine and azotobacter had the highest amount of total chlorophyll and carotenoids (Table 5). The lowest amount of grain nitrogen was obtained from non-application of biofertilizer with an average of 1.77% and the highest amount was obtained from the use of Azotobacter with an average of 2.38%. Ohadi cultivar with atrazine and Azotobacter had the highest grain phosphorus content with an average of 0.50% and Baran cultivar without antiperspirant and biofertilizer had the lowest grain phosphorus content with an average of 0.22% (Table 9). Ohadi and Baran cultivars using atrazine shared the highest amount of potassium with an average of 0.52% and Azar 2 cultivar without antiperspirant had the lowest amount of potassium with an average of 0.45% (Table 10). The highest amount of grain copper with an average of 7.7 mg kg-1 was obtained with the use of atrazine and Azotobacter. Ohadi cultivar with Azotobacter had the highest amount of iron grain with an average of 63 mg kg-1 and Azar2 cultivar had the lowest amount of iron grain with an average of 58 mg kg-1.

Application of nitrogen biofertilizers and antiperspirant atrazine improved morphological, photosynthetic traits and grain quality of wheat. The highest amount of total chlorophyll, copper and grain carbohydrates was obtained with the use of atrazine and Azotobacter, but the highest amount of carotenoids and grain protein was obtained with the use of atrazine and Azospirillium. Thus, in dryland conditions of Lorestan province, the use of nitrogen biofertilizers and antiperspirant atrazine is recommended.

This experiment was conducted in 2007 and 2008 to evaluate the efficacy of metribuzin herbicide on weeds control and yield of maize، at research farm of the Agricultural Research Center of Safi Abad Dezful، Iran. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 13 treatments in three replications. Treatments included preplant، preemergence and postemergence application of metribuzin at 3-4 leaf stage of maize and weeds each at 0. 35 and 0. 52 kg ai ha-1، preplant، preemergence and postemergence application of atrazine + metribuzin at 3-4 leaf stage of maize and weeds each at (0. 6 + 0. 175) kg ai ha-1، nicosulfuron at 0. 08 kg ai ha-1at 3-6 leaf stage of maize and preemergence application of atrazine + alachlor at (1. 2 + 1. 9) kg ai ha-1، together with weedy and weed free checks. The results indicated that compared to the weedy check، postemergence application of metribuzin at 0. 35 kg ai ha-1 and atrazine + metribuzin with 79 and 75% control، respectively، were the most effective treatments in reducing total number of weeds. Application of atrazine + alachlor، postemergence application of metribuzin at 0. 35 kg ai ha-1 and atrazine + metribuzin and nicosulfuron with 89، 87، 86 and 85% control، respectively، were the most effective treatments in reducing dry weight of weeds. Compared to the weedy check، postemergence application of metribuzin at 0. 52 and 0. 35 kg ai ha-1، atrazine + metribuzin and premergence application of atrazine + alachlor with 50، 44. 44 and 37% increase، respectively، were the most effective treatments in yield increase. According to these results، for weed control and yield increase of corn، postemergence application of metribuzin at 0. 52 or 0. 35 kg ai ha-1، atrazine + metribuzin or premergence application of atrazine + alachlor each at the abovementioned rates can be recommended.

In order to possibility of improving physiological traits, yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius cv. sina) by anti-transpiration application in rainfed condition, a research was carried out in factorial based on randomized complete block design (RCDB) with three replications in Miyaneh region (East Azarbaijan province - Iran) in 2011. The treatments antitranspirant rate were zero (control), 80, 120 and 160 g a.i.ha-1. The antitranspirant application time was at elongation, flowering and seed filling stages. The results showed that there were significant differences between treatments in all studied traits. Applying atrazine at 80 and 120 g a.i.ha-1 specially in flowering stage by providing plant favorite conditions such as reducing canopy temperature, increasing photosynthesis and chlorophyll content, improved yield and yield components comparing to rainfed stressed condition. Applying atrazine at 160 g a.i.ha-1 did not improve growth but acted as a growth inhibitor. The highest and lowest number of prolific capitol, number of seed in capitol and also grain yield were obtained at 120 g a.i.ha-1 in flowering time and 160 g a.i.ha-1 in elongation time, respectively.

In order to study the sensitivity of 9 crops to atrazine soil residual, two separate experiments were conducted in field and greenhouse conditions. First experiment was conducted in a field with treated soil by atrazine based on split plot and the results evaluated in greenhouse conditions. Treatments in the field experiment included two organic manure application rates (0 and 50 t/ha) as main plots and 2 atrazine application rates (2 and 4 kg/ha atrazine a.i.) as sob plots. After corn harvesting soil was sampled at 0-15 cm surface layer in each plots in 15 points, after mixing the samples. Wheat, barley, sugar beet, pea, lens and colza planted in pots at greenhouse. Second experiment conducted in greenhouse conditions for evaluation of atrazine soil residual in completely randomized design. Treatments included atrazine soil residual concentrations (0, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg soil) and crops included wheat, barley, sugar beet, pea, lens, rape, bean and tomato. Results showed that atrazine residue had no effect on crops growth in field experiment treated with atrazine. It seems that atrazine residue in filed soil is lower that its damage threshold for crops or maybe for its fast removal in field than in control conditions. But in bioassay experiment (greenhouse experiment) crops response to atrazine residues were different. Results showed that onion and pea were most susceptible ant tolerant crops between studied species and based of ED50 parameter the other crops tolerance to total residue ranked as: pea< bean< lentil< sugar beet< tomato< barley< wheat< rape< onion.

An experiment was conducted to determine the proper time and Atrazine dose for control of weeds in grain corn. The experiment was conducted at the University of Shiraz Agricultural Experimental Station. Experiment was in a randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement of treatments. The treatments were application time (pre-planting, 10, 20, 30 and 40 days after corn emergence) and herbicide dose (0, 0.7, 1, 1.4 and 2.1 Kga.i./ha). The carry over effects of Atrazine residues on wheat emergence were also evaluated. The experiment results showed that only corn grain number was affected by the time of application. Herbicide dose had significant effect on grain weight. Both application time and herbicide doses significantly affected dry weight of weeds. Later use of herbicide had no effect on dry weight of weeds. Due to good control of weeds by herbicide at 2.1 kg/ha, the grain yield increased significantly when compared with weedy check. Results also indicated that rate of herbicide had more effect on wheat germination percentage compared with application time. Minimum and maximum germination percentage were at 2.1 Kg/ha and control treatments respectively.

This experiment was conducted for 2005 and 2006 cropping seasons to evaluate the effects of planting patterns and herbicides application on weeds population and grain yield of maize as well as on enhancement of water use efficiency at Dezful and Karaj, I. R. Iran. The experimental design was strip block arrangements in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Planting patterns were assigned to vertical plots at four levels including: planting of one and two rows of maize on beds and one and two rows of maize in furrows. Application of herbicides was assigned to horizontal plots at six levels including; pre-emergence application of a mixture of atrazine + alachlor at (0.8 + 2) kg ai.ha-1 and also at 25% reduced rates, pre-plant application of EPTC at 4 kg ai.ha-1 and also at 25% reduced rate, weedy and weed free controls. Average total weed density reduced in Dezful by application of atrazine + alachlor by 63% as comparing to the weedy control. However, in Karaj by application of atrazine + alachlor and EPTC total weed density reduced by 65 and 56%, respectively, when comparing to the weedy control,. In 2005, application of a mixture of atrazine + alachlor at (0.8 + 2) kg ai.ha-1 in planting pattern of two rows of maize on beds reduced dry weight of weeds by 71.7%. However, in 2006, application of the same herbicide treatments in planting pattern of two rows of maize on beds and in furrows reduced dry weight of weeds by 92%. In both Dezful and Karaj, weed free controls, in planting pattern of two rows of maize on beds, with 13.34 t.ha-1and 12.91 t.ha-1 had the highest and application of EPTC at 3 kg ai.ha-1 and weedy controls both in planting pattern of one row of maize in furrows with 6.99 t.ha-1 and 4.38 t.ha-1 had the lowest grain yield, respectively. On average, in Dezful and Karaj, application of herbicides in furrow planting method as compared to the bed planting method, had 88 and 80% higher water use efficiency, respectively. In conclusion, for increasing grain yield and weed control in maize (cv. KSC 704), planting of maize as two rows on beds/ in furrows and pre-emergence application of a mixture of atrazine + alachlor at (0.6 + 1.5) kg ai.ha-1 could be recommended.