جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "خاک دهی پای بوته" در نشریات گروه "زراعت"

The use of mechanical methods for weed control with suitable cultivators increases yield, reduces labor costs, and ultimately enhances income in cotton fields. This research focuses on the construction and evaluation of an in-row cultivator machine (for controlling weeds both between and within rows) and compares it with the conventional method of weed control using a sweep cultivator and a chemical control method in cotton planting.

The experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design (RCBD) with eight treatments and three replications at Darab Agricultural Research Station in Fars province. Test treatments were using in-row cultivator and trifluralin herbicide before planting (T1), sweep cultivator and trifluralin herbicide before planting (T2), in-row cultivator and trifluralin herbicide afte planting (T3), sweep cultivator and trifluralin herbicide after planting (T4), in-row cultivator (T5), envok herbicide (T6), full-season control of weeds (T7) and no weed control (T8). The cotton planting operation was done with Golestan seeds and in the amount of 20 kg/ha with a pneumatic planter. The consumption rate of trifluralin and envok herbicides was considered 2.5 lit/ha and 15 gr/ha, respectively. The parameters of weed control, soiling of plant, yield and yield components were measured and economical evaluation was done.

Maximum weed control (92.78%) was achieved using the in-row cultivator and trifluralin herbicide before planting, which did not differ significantly from the full-season manual control treatment. The use of a sweep cultivator increased plant soiling by 67.4%. Results also indicated that applying trifluralin herbicide before planting resulted in higher cotton yields compared to applying it after planting in conjunction with the in-row cultivator. Economic analysis revealed that the gross margin of using the in-row cultivator was about 67% higher than that of the conventional sweep cultivator.

The results of this experiment demonstrate the efficiency of the in-row cultivator compared to the sweep cultivator. This research shows that both mechanical and chemical weed control methods are effective in cotton cultivation. The in-row cultivator, a new method for controlling weeds in cotton fields, proves superior to the conventional sweep cultivator both technically and economically. In-row weed control with the in-row cultivator reduces labor and the traffic of tractors and agricultural machines, increases cotton yield, and is recommended for cotton-growing areas with row planting.

Separating the seeds from the cottonseed with a gin has an effect on seed quality and germination. Mechanical damage reduces the economic and biological value of the seeds. The effect of mechanical damage is considered a serious problem in seed production, and reducing this effect leads to an increase in the efficiency of seed utilization. This study was conducted with the aim of reducing the mechanical damage of cotton seed and increasing the efficiency of gin and rotating the saw and moisture content appropriately in two varieties of Hekmat and Golestan cotton seeds.

To increase gin efficiency, the effect of saw rotation in three levels, 300 (S1), 350 (S2) and 400 (S3) rpm, lint moisture content in three levels, 3-5% (M1), 6-8% (M2) and 8-10% (M3) and seed variety in two levels of Hekmat (V1) and Golestan (V2) varieties were studied in a factorial experiment in the form of a completely randomized design with three replicates. The parameters length, width, thickness, geometric mean, sphericity coefficient and bulk density of cotton seed were determined according to the relationship between the physical properties of the seed and the performance of the machine during processing. In addition, the parameters related to the gin, including the extent of mechanical damage to the seed, percentage of ginning and material capacity, were measured. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and the regression equation between the independent variables (experimental treatments) and the dependent variables (measurable parameters) was determined.

An increase in moisture content led to an increase in the geometric mean of the dimensions of the cotton varieties. The increase in mechanical damage to the seed also increased with the increase in moisture content from 6-8% to 8-10%. The main reason for this was the adhesion of the fibers to the cotton seeds and the increase in the time for separating the fibers from the seed. The results showed that increasing the moisture content from 3-5% to 6-8% increased the percentage of ginning operations and the material capacity of the gin in both Hekmat and Golestan varieties; however, as the moisture content increased to 8-10%, the extent of these parameters decreased.