جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « سطح زیر کشت » در نشریات گروه « زراعت »

The history of saffron cultivation in the southern and central regions of Great Khorasan spans over 750 years. Iran has now become the world's largest producer of saffron, with the majority of cultivation taking place in this country. Various biological, agronomic, and environmental factors play a role in determining saffron yield. It is believed that a decrease in saffron yield can be attributed to factors such as drought, global warming, inefficient management, and a shift towards unsustainable agricultural systems. These factors have significantly impacted saffron yield, leading to a decline in both yield and farmers' income in recent years. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to evaluate and investigate the characteristics of saffron farmers, as well as the management factors that contribute to the reduction in saffron yield in the provinces of North, Razavi, and South Khorasan, which are major production hubs for this crop.
 
This research was conducted in a descriptive manner using a questionnaire. The questionnaires were compiled through face-to-face interviews with 56 saffron farmers in three provinces during the period of 2018-2019. The interviews were conducted in Faruj, Chenaran, Neyshabur, Kashmar, and Ferdows, with 13, 9, 12, 11, and 11 farmers, respectively. The farms included in the research varied in age from 1 to 8 years, with two farms of each age in each county, resulting in a total of 16 farms per county. The research focused on factors such as the age and education level of the farmers, farm area, weight range of mother corms, and total weight of mother corms in the first year. These factors were examined separately and compared to determine their impact on yield reduction. The figures were created using Excel software.
 
In general, it appears that saffron farmers in higher latitudes tend to be younger. The percentage of farmers with university education (including associate and bachelor's degrees) was 18% overall. The education level of farmers generally decreased with age, with younger individuals having relatively higher education levels compared to older individuals. Additionally, the trend observed is that farm size tends to increase with latitude, which can be attributed to younger farmers, uncultivated land, and fewer small landowners in the northern half of Great Khorasan. The northern half of Great Khorasan also benefits from a better climate and greater access to water. Overall, farmers predominantly used medium-sized mother corms (with 4-7.99 g) for planting, with Neyshabur and Kashmar counties having the highest percentage of farms using these corms (87.5% each). As education level increases, there is a decrease in the use of medium and large corms among farmers, potentially indicating less experience among individuals with higher education. However, university-educated farmers still used more medium-sized corms than large ones. The effect of desired traits, including the cultivated area and the total weight of cultivated mother corms in the first year, on the dried yield of stigma were significant.
 
The results of this research indicate that one of the main challenges in increasing saffron yield is the advanced age and low education level of farmers. It was observed that farmers predominantly used medium-sized corms, as small corms do not yield significantly in the first year, while very large corms may experience a decrease in yield in subsequent years. Therefore, it is recommended to organize training workshops and provide technical advice through agricultural organizations in the counties. Furthermore, establishing a connection between experienced saffron farmers and beginners, as well as experts and promoters, would enhance the general and technical knowledge of saffron farmers, ultimately leading to an increased yield in Greater Khorasan.

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) has been used as food and medicine for Iranians for a long time, from the ancient to the modern period, and several factors have influenced its production and consumption in different provinces, especially Razavi Khorasan. In order to investigate the trend of cultivated area, stigma production and yield of saffron and also the effect of climatic parameters such as altitude above sea level, average temperature, and precipitation on the cultivation and production of this plant in different cities of Khorasan Razavi Province, a study was conducted by using data of Agricultural Jihad Organization during 1984 to 2020. Results indicated that the highest production and cultivated area in the province of Razavi Khorasan in the studied period were related to Zaveh, Torbat Heydarieh, and Roshtkhar, respectively. Zaveh and Torbat Heydarieh also had the largest portion of irrigated production in the province, with 13.3 and 9.4 %, respectively. Upon comparing the yield of saffron across different cities to the provincial average, it became evident that Gonabad and Torbat Heydarieh secured the first and second positions, respectively, in this comparison. Conversely, Kalat exhibited the lowest percentage in terms of cultivated area, irrigated production, and yield ratio compared to the provincial average. Further analysis revealed that elevation above sea level is positively correlated with both cultivated area and saffron production. Interestingly, there exists a non-linear inverse relationship between annual rainfall and cultivated area, production, and yield of saffron. Moreover, the study found that higher average temperatures are associated with increased saffron production, although the average yield of saffron tends to decrease. Regarding similarities across different cities in Khorasan-Razavi province, an investigation at a 75% similarity threshold indicated the possibility of classifying the province's various regions into five distinct clusters. The cities of Bakharz, Gonabad, Kashmer, Mahvalat, and Roshtkhar were in the first cluster, and the cities of Bajastan, Khaf, Torbat Jam, Neishabur, Bardaskan, and Taibad were in the second cluster, and each of the cities of Torbat Heydarieh and Zaveh also formed two separate branches. The rest of the cities were placed in a cluster. In general, the increasing trend of saffron cultivation and production in Khorasan-Razavi province indicates a greater desire to cultivate this plant by the farmers, considering the climatic and soil conditions of this province.

Iran is one of the wide countries which has different weather and agriculture sector is so important in Iran. Cotton is one of the agricultural productions which is used as input in the textile industry and is so important. In this paper, effective factors on Cotton production are estimated according to energy price shocks for five providences as Khorasan Razavi, Khorasan Jonoobi, Fars, and Golestan which has more Cotton production for the period of 2006 to 2013 and use from Panel Data to estimation. To estimate energy price, used from Divisia index and is composed of increased and decreased price with Mork method. Results reveal that increased and decreased effects of energy price have asymmetric effects on Cotton production. The effect of the increase in energy price is more than it's decreasing on Cotton production. Cotton price has a positive effect on Cotton production in our selective providences.

The purpose of this study was to determine the plant density of sugar beet fields in Qazvin region using satellite images and remote sensing techniques. The plant density can be used to estimate the pre-harvest sugar beet yield and as a result the proper management of agricultural and industrial processes involved in sugar production. Satellite data can be used to remove the cost and time of conventional field methods. In this study, using satellite imagery of TM and GeoEye, the plant density of sugar beet fields in a part of Qazvin region was estimated in 2011. Results derived from the assessment of accuracy of operations and comparison of the maps obtained from remote sensing data with ground samples showed that using satellite data, the plant density of sugar beet can be estimated with relative certainty. The calculation of the overall data showed that the accuracy of maps outputs was 91.7% with Kappai coefficient of 0.84. In addition, remote sensing data can illustrate the density variation in different parts of the field.

In order to investigate the impact of government policies on supply, cropping area and yield of sugar beet during 1981-2003, nominal rate of protection (NRP) was applied as a variable to persuade government’s policies in this study. Results showed that despite of its negative impacts on cropping area, the NRP has positive effects on supply and yield of sugar beet in Iran. Moreover, real price of sugar beet has no significant effect on supply, cropping area and yield of sugar beet. The elasticity of supply, cropping area and yield functions with respect to the NRP was found to be 0.2, -0.029 and 0.25, respectively, indicating that the government supports can lead to yield and supply improvement.