جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "عملکرد غلاف" در نشریات گروه "زراعت"

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the most important legume crops and it is rich in oil (47-53 %) and protein (25-36 %). Drought stress is the prime abiotic constraint, under the current and climate change scenario in future situation. Globally, abiotic stresses drastically affect crop productivity and cause to decline substantial yield. According to the reports, the decline of quantitative and qualitative yield in crops is primarily due to water deficit condition. Foliar applications of methanol and ethanol cause to increas CO2 assimilation in plants. A wide range of C3 crops have shown an increase in growth and seed yield after spraying with 10-50% methanol alcohol. Positive effects of methanol and ethanol on C3 crops have been reported for wheat, soybean and oilseed rape.

In order to evaluate of seed yield changes and some agronomic characteristics in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) as affected by different irrigation regimes and foliar application of Ethanol Alcohol , this experiment was performed as split plat based on randomized complete block design with three replications in experimental field of Agicutural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Guilan Province, Astara (Kanroud research station), Iran during 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons. Four level of irrigation regimes at 25, 50 and 75 and 100 mm evaporation from class A pan evaporation and three levels of ethanol such as 10, 20 and 30 % (v:v), comprised experimental treatments, as main factor and sub factor, respectively.

All measured agronomic characteristics in groundnut were significantly influenced by the interaction effect between irrigation regimes and ethanol applications except the number of sub-branches per plant at 1% probability level (Table 2). In this experiment, the greatest days number to the initial flowering (41.5 days), days number to the end of flowering (89 days), flowering period (49.5 days), days number to the maturity (139 days), plant height (65.85 cm), biological yield (8492 kg/ha), pod yield (4067 kg/ha), grain yield (kg/ha), pods number per plant (49.26) and 100-seed weight (53.49 g) were obtained in response to the interaction effect between irrigation regim at 25 mm evaporation from class A pan evaporation and foliar application of ethanol at 20 % (v:v). But, drought stress significantly reduced all mentioned agronomic traits and foliar application of ethanol at 20 % (v:v) significantly improved these agronomic characteristics in both drought stress and irrigation conditions. In this experiment, the highest coefficient correlation was obtained between grain yield and agronomic traits such as plant height (r=0.95**), pod yield (r=0.97**), pods number per plant (r=0.92**) and 100-grain weight (0.91**).

Results of this experiment showed that irrigation and foliar application of ethanol caused to improve plant growth and grain yield of groundnut under region climatic condition. Hence, the foliar application of ethanol with 20 % (v:v) does could be recommendable to enhance plant growth and grain yield of groundnut under region and similar climatic conditions.

The present study was conducted biennially in the cropping years of 2019 and 2020 in Savad-Koh lands. The experiment was performed as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. Viciae inoculation with faba bean at two levels (inoculation with R-Etli strain and non- inoculation); and the second factor of fertilizer treatments at five levels including: cattle manure 30 t ha-1 (CM), vermicompost 10 tons per hectare (VM), azolla vermicompost 10 t ha-1 (VA), chemical fertilizer treatment based on soil analysis (NPK), and control treatment (C). Was. The results showed that fertilizer treatments were significant in most bacterial interaction traits. In both years of experiment, vermicompost treatments, especially Azolla vermicompost had the highest number of pods (39.7 in the first year and 46.3 in the second year), number of seeds (181.9 in the first year and 205.2 in the second year), yield Pods (1377.4 and 1503 g m-2 in the first and second years, respectively) and grain yield (429 and 1503 g m-2, respectively, in the first and second years) were inoculated with R. leguminosarum and in terms of nitrogen uptake, Phosphorus and potassium showed significant superiority even over NPK treatment. The results suggest that the main source of vermicompost production has a great effect on growth, nutrient uptake and grain yield and by inoculation with appropriate nitrogen-fixing bacteria has a synergy on agronomic traits. Therefore, this nutrition method can be used as one of the nutrient management strategies in sustainable faba bean production.

Rainfed planting of peanuts in Guilan province has a history of more than 120 years. The use of late cultivar NC2 in most of the peanut fields in this region during the last 45 years has provided the basis for the spread of diseases and severe functional fluctuations in the production of this plant. The light soil texture in the fields of this plant also increases the yield fluctuations of this cultivar in the low rainy years by reducing the available moisture for peanut plants. As a result, the introduction of new cultivars adapted to the climatic conditions of the region, which have good pod yield in rainfed conditions, is one of the most important necessity for Guilan province. Therefore, the present study was designed and conducted to investigate and compare physiological indices and radiation use efficiency in 14 new peanut genotypes and compare them with NC2 cultivar.

This study was conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications in two years 2016 and 2017 in Astaneh Ashrafiyeh city. 14 peanut genotypes along with NC2 cultivar, which is the dominant cultivar in the region, formed experimental blocks. All genotypes were planted flat and in rainfed conditions. Heat unit throughout the growth period, crop growth rate, pod growth rate, partitioning coefficient, radiation use efficiency, pod yield, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index were studied in all genotypes and NC2 cultivar and were compared with this cultivar.

The results of this study indicated that the highest heat units from planting to harvesting maturity were observed in NC2 cultivar and ICGV02317 and ICGV92222 genotypes, respectively, while ICGV00350 and ICGV87846 genotypes had the lowest heat units during the growing season. The highest values of crop growth rate, pod growth rate, radiation use efficiency, pod yield and grain yield were obtained from NC2 cultivar and ICGV00420, ICGV99019 and ICGV92116 genotypes.

According to the results, in rainfed conditions, 3 genotypes ICGV00420, ICGV99019 and ICGV92116 reached the harvesting maturity stage faster than NC2 cultivar with a lower heat unit in this area while in many of the measured traits were similar to the mentioned cultivar. The results also indicated that the mentioned genotypes can be considered as an alternative to planting NC2 cultivar in the region's farms according to the calculated physiological indices and radiation use efficiency because these genotypes had suitable radiation use efficiency, pod and grain yield under rainfed cultivation conditions.

Drought stress has reduced the yield and cultivated area of faba bean in many regions of Iran. So,in order to identify the best drought stress tolerance indices and select drought tolerant genotypes,24 genotypes of faba bean from ICARDA (International Center for Agricultural Research in DryAreas) drought resistance nursery and control cultivar (Barekat) were planted in two separateexperiments at Gorgan and Gonbad agricultural and natural resources research stations (GolestanAgricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center). Faba bean genotypes wereevaluated in a simple lattice design with two replications in 2015-2016. To determine droughttolerant genotypes, it is necessary to grow them under both stress and non-stress condition. To thisend, various stress tolerance indices such as tolerance (TOL), Stress Sensitivity Index (SSI), MeanProductivity (MP), Stress Tolerance Idex (STI), Geometric Man Poductivity (GMP), Yield Index(YI), Modified Stress Tolerance Index (K1STI) were calculated based on the genotypes in stressedyield in stress and non-stressed conditions. Multiple variance analysis of data showed that therewas a significant difference between the genotypes. In medium stress conditions (SI = 0.46), therewas a correlation between bean pod yield in stress and non-stress conditions, which indicates theability to generalize the yield results in non-stress to moderate drought stress conditions. MP,GMP, STI, HM, YI and K1STI indices can be used to identify tolerant genotypes due to theirpositive and significant correlation with yield in both stress and non-stress conditions. Therefore,1, 3, 12, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24 genotypes were selected for further investigations in thecrossbreeding program of drought resistance.

In order to study the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid (SA) and biostimulants on growth, physiological characters, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration and pod yield of common bean cv. Sanry under different irrigation regimes, the experiment was conducted split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replicates in research filed of university of Zanjan during 2015. Three different irrigation (I) regimes (100, 75 and 50% ETc) and foliar application of salicylic acid (0.5, 1 and 1.5 mM), Megafol (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% MF) and to distilled water as control were conducted. The results showed that water deficit stress significantly reduced growth and pod yield. Foliar application of SA and MF enhanced growth and fruit yield. The irrigation × foliar treatments interactions results suggested that maximum leaf number (43.1), leaf area (2729.3 cm-2) and pod yield (6193.9 kg.ha-1) was obtained using MF 0.2% under I100 %ETc. Plants sprayed with SA 1.5mM and MF 0.2% exhibited higher stomatal conductance (205.27 mM.m-2s-1) under I100 %ETc. The highest N (2.47%), P (181.6 ppm) and K (0.88%) concentration was found in plants sprayed with MF 0.2%, SA 1mM and MF 0.3%, respectively under I100 %ETc. According to the results, MF 0.2% and SA 0.5 mM had the highest effects on growth and pod yield under water deficit stress.

In order to evaluate the effect of planting date, row spacing and seed amount on yield of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) as a second crop after rice, a split factorial experiment based on the complete randomized block design with 3 replications was conducted at research station of Rice Research Institute of Iran (Rasht) during 2008-2010 for two years. Experimental treatments were planting date in three levels of September 30, October 10 and 15 as main plot and row spacing in three levels of 30, 40 and 50 cm and seed rate in two levels of 100 and 150 kgha-1 as sub plots. The results showed significant differences between the years, planting dates, row spacing and seed amounts in pod yield and grain yield. Planting date of October 10, row spacing of 40 cm and seed rate of 150 kgha-1 produced maximum pod yield with average of 30152, 33645 and 31223 kgha-1, respectively. Maximum grain yield was observed for the first year, planting date of October 10, row spacing of 40 cm and seed amount of 150 kgha-1 with average of 6734, 7311, 6622 and 6750 kgha-1, respectively. In general, the use of early planting date, narrow row spacing and more amount of seed may increase the pod and grain yields of faba bean (Vicia Faba L.) and is recommended for planting in experimental conditions.

In order to evaluate the effects of row spacing and seed rate on yield and yield component of Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars، a split plot factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with 3 replications was conducted at second crop research station of Rice Research Institute of Iran (Rasht) during 2008 and 2009. Experimental factors were row spacing in three levels (20، 30 and 40 cm) as main plot and seed rate in three levels (70، 90 and 110 kg. ha-1) and common bean cultivars including Khaldar bean short maturation and Red Kiashahri cultivars as sub plots. The results of the combined analysis of variance showed significant differences between the years، row spacing، cultivars and seed rate in pod and grain yields. The results of mean comparisons showed that maximum pod and grain yields were obtained from the second year (with average of 2689. 7 and 1478. 8 kg. ha-1)، row spacing of 20 cm (with average of 2617. 6 and 1396. 3 kg. ha-1)، Khaldar bean short maturation cultivar (with average of 2475. 6 and 1398. 8 kg. ha-1) and seed rate of 110 kg. ha-1 (with average of 2551. 1 and 1414. 1 kg. ha-1). Results of factor analysis placed the studied traits in three separate groups and plant density per square meter، number of seed per square meter and seed weight per square meter among with the pod and grain yields were in the same group. The use of narrow row spacing (20 cm)، more amount of seed (110 kg. ha-1) and Khaldar bean short maturation cultivar may increase the pod and grain yields of Phaseolus vulgaris cultivars and is recommended for planting Common bean in the Guilan area.

Peanut are one of the paired plants of oilseed and protein seed oil is a rich source. In order to evaluate effects sulphur and zinc on growth characteristics and yield of peanuts، a experiment was conducted in Bandar Kiashahr، Guilan province، Iran in 2008. The experiment laid out in a factorial arrangement with two factors sulphur (0، 40، 80، 120 kg ha) and zinc chelate on (0، 0. 5، 1 and 1. 5 g per lit) in a completely randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that amounts of sulphur and zinc significant effects were on Peanut plant traits، as pod yield، seed yield and oil content. The mean comparison of the properties studied showed that rate of 120 kg. h-1 sulphur was better than other treatments. Also had better efficacy between treatments of zinc chelate on treatment to 1. 5gr per lit. Also، the interaction of the sulphur and zinc had the most increase on these parameters.

In order to study the effect of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer management on important physiological traits of peanut a field experiment was conducted in split plot based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications at Astaneh Ashrafiyeh, Guilan, Iran during 2009 growing season. Irrigation intervals were included of 6, 12 and 18 days interval and were allotted to main plots and nitrogen fertilizer treatments with amounts of 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1 were allotted to sub plots. Results illustrated that the effect of irrigation management on biological yield, pod yield, crop growth rate, and pod growth rate at 1% level of probability was significant. However, its effect on pod allocation coefficient was not significant. The effect of nitrogen levels on pod yield, crop growth rate, pod growth rate and pod allocation coefficient at 1% level and on biological yield at 5% level of probability was significant. The highest values of biological yield and pod yield (6439 kg ha-1 and 4229 kg ha-1, respectively) were recorded from 6 days interval and application of 60 kg N ha-1.